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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03985

Thinking Fast, Trading Late: System One Decision Models vs the Market

Amir Dehkordi, Alireza Kargarzadeh, Nariman Khaledian, Navid Parvini, Sid Ghatak, Arman Khaledian

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) read company news at scale, and backtests suggest that their readings predict stock returns. We ask how much of that predictability survives a test that rules out look-ahead, memorization and selection. We propose OLIVIA, a protocol for such tests: point-in-time inputs with company identities masked, selection on validation data only, an analysis plan frozen by cryptographic hash, and a test period unblinded once through a logged lock. We apply it to AI decision models, non-generative language models that return probabilities for typed questions, reading news about S&P 500 stocks: an open-weights model we fine-tuned on 2024-2025 data, three commercial models and standard baselines. The fine-tuned model's signal replicated on two validation quarters (daily information coefficients 0.055 and 0.065) but fell to 0.020 (t = 1.7) on the blinded January-July 2026 test. The commercial models' readings line up with the overnight move to the open (information coefficient 0.074 to 0.077) but not with the move after it, so the news is priced by the time a trader can act on it at the open. No model can tell over- from under-reaction, and no pre-registered strategy survives costs and a deflated Sharpe ratio. Commercial models identify masked companies in 62% to 74% of cases against a 28% baseline: masking hides names, not companies. The market reads the news first.

cs.AI · cs.CL · cs.LG · q-fin.ST

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03983

A Guideline-Grounded Multi-Agent Framework for Personalized Exercise Prescription from Clinical and Wearable Data

Xintong Li, Yufen Lin, Yuhua Wu, Fengran Wang, Minxiao Wang, Rebecca A. Gary, Jacob Kariuki, James Smith 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

Translating population-level exercise guidance into individualized prescriptions requires integrating clinical and wearable data, including diagnoses, medications, functional limitations, and baseline activity, with condition-specific recommendations, a process difficult to scale beyond specialist rehabilitation settings. We developed FITTER, a multi-agent framework that integrates these data with condition-specific guidance to generate personalized FITT-VP prescriptions and applies deterministic safety audit and repair to correct rule-checkable violations. We evaluated FITTER using data from 400 All of Us participants (300 cancer, 100 stroke) against five LLM comparators through computational evaluation, ablation, and structured clinician review. FITTER achieved 98.5% safety-constraint compliance versus 75.8-85.8% for comparators and showed greater quantitative dosing precision and guideline alignment. Cancer-cohort ablation identified safety audit and repair as the largest contributor to safety-constraint compliance. Clinicians reviewed 80 prescriptions across safety, personalization, instruction concreteness, anticipated effectiveness, and clinical acceptability. FITTER provides a clinician-facing approach integrating clinical and wearable data, guidance, and explicit safety constraints.

cs.AI · cs.MA

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03982

SLATE: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Long-Horizon API Selection in E-commerce Tool Use

Rongzhe Wei, Ge Shi, Min Cheng, Sarthak Ghosh, Vaibhav Gorde, Leman Akoglu, Pan Li, Na Zhang

原文摘要

Enterprises increasingly want LLM agents to automate standard operating procedures over their software stacks -- mapping each step of a procedure to the right call among thousands of internal APIs, without hand-authored step-to-API mappings. The core difficulty is API selection at scale: choosing and composing the correct tools over a long horizon, judged only by whether the overall task succeeds. Current tool-use benchmarks do not test this regime -- they expose only a handful of tools, evaluate single-step invocation, or grade multi-step behavior with subjective LLM-as-a-judge scores that penalize valid alternative trajectories. We introduce SLATE (Synthetic Large-scale API Toolkit for E-commerce), a large-scale benchmark that tests large-toolset, long-horizon API selection in a realistic enterprise domain. SLATE couples (i) queries decomposed into hierarchical, tool-grounded procedures over a ~1,000-tool e-commerce library, (ii) a deterministic, context-aware simulator that returns recorded outputs for matching calls and default responses otherwise, and (iii) an end-to-end task-success metric -- a task succeeds when it reaches every reference outcome -- that credits diverse-but-valid trajectories while remaining fully automatic and reproducible. Experiments with six open decision models and the language models they are built on, from 3B to 12B parameters, show that even the best model completes only 5.0% of the tasks, establishing SLATE as a challenging testbed for reliable enterprise tool use. We release SLATE, its simulator, and the evaluation harness at https://geshijoker.github.io/slate/

cs.CL · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03981

Rapid Mean-Field Formation Transport with a Shared-Representation Neural Fokker-Planck Controller

Zejian Zhou, Hao Xu

原文摘要

This paper develops a mean-field formation transport method with low online computational cost for large-scale multi-agent systems. Classical mean-field planners often require repeated solutions of coupled forward and backward partial differential equations, making online replanning computationally demanding. Density and control are therefore approximated by a common parameterized nonlinear map with separate scalar density and vector control outputs. Parameters are optimized using Fokker--Planck and initial-condition residuals, formation-matching costs on numerically simulated closed-loop particle trajectories, and control effort. Numerical computations are restricted to a bounded region of the state space, with an additional penalty on probability flux across its boundary. For the periodic-domain model, we establish well-posedness of the induced density evolution and bound the density-approximation error in terms of the dynamics and initial-condition residuals. Parameter optimization precedes online operation, during which controller coefficients remain fixed. Experiments quantify the accuracy--runtime trade-off relative to a mean-field planner, show lower transport error than classical feedback baselines, and demonstrate the benefits of the common parameterization.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03980

Measuring Model-Specific Alignment Drift in LLM-Based Opinion Dynamics

Nataša Djurdjevac Conrad, Sebastian Pokutta, Christof Schütte

原文摘要

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly used as synthetic participants in opinion-dynamics experiments, often assuming that an agent's behaviour is fully determined by its prompt. We test this assumption with a framework in which LLM agents discuss a contested policy issue over repeated rounds while their stance is quantified by a fixed psychometric instrument independent of any dynamics model. Across six LLMs, committed personas are intrinsically stable: in each of the five models tested without peer input, every agent keeps its assigned side for 20 rounds. The observed loss of alignment under discussion is therefore interaction-induced, we call it alignment drift, and model-specific: gpt-4.1 keeps opinion clusters apart, claude-sonnet-5 holds them partially, and gpt-5.6-sol and claude-opus-5 abandon them. Under selective attention, one LLM maintains separated opinion clusters under stance-homophilous attention. Qualitative profiles persist at doubled population and horizon and on a second issue. Such heterogeneity makes the LLM choice a first-class validity variable for social simulation.

cs.AI · physics.soc-ph

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2603.17022

Contingency-Aware Planning via Certified Neural Hamilton-Jacobi Reachability

Kasidit Muenprasitivej, Derya Aksaray

原文摘要

Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) reachability provides formal safety guarantees for dynamical systems, but repeatedly solving the HJ partial differential equation in changing environments limits its use in real-time planning. This paper introduces learning-based reachability and an online safety certification that together enable real-time contingency-aware planning in unknown environments with probabilistic safety guarantees. We use Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) to approximate the HJ solution operator under varying obstacle configurations. To certify the learned reach-avoid set, we recast robust scenario optimization as multiple hypothesis testings over its sublevel sets, which yields a simultaneous guarantee across candidate levels and recovers the largest certifiable volume at the prescribed safety level. Within this certified set, the induced recovery policy is guaranteed to return the system to a safe region in finite time under any admissible disturbance. Numerical results show that the learning and certification pipeline updates reach-avoid sets at real-time rates and is demonstrated on youBot simulation.

cs.RO · eess.SY

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03976

Must AI Spell It Out? Pragmatic Comprehension of Alerts in a Time-Critical Task

Anwesha Das, Vera Demberg, Anna Maria Feit

原文摘要

Assistive systems typically tell users everything, often spending time and attention on what a user already knows, leaving less for what happens next. People, on the other hand, leave out what they expect the listener can supply. Can people use their prior knowledge to understand an incomplete message when the speaker is a machine though? We studied this pragmatic comprehension in a monitoring task controlling users' prior knowledge and the available time to detect critical situations. In a preregistered study (N=114), we compared a pragmatic planner that reasons over a model of the listener's knowledge to decide what to say, when, and how explicitly, with a baseline specifying problems fully in onset order. Participants resolved underspecified alerts almost as reliably as fully specified ones and sooner, detected more problems, and rated the pragmatic assistant helpful more often, with no increase in reported mental demand. Our findings show that people can recover what the system left implicit and that pragmatic communication can support effective assistance under the constraints of a changing world.

cs.HC · cs.AI · cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03975

Self-governed access control in open robot swarms using a blockchain-based DAO

Raina Zakir, Alexandre Pacheco, Andreagiovanni Reina, Marco Dorigo, Volker Strobel

原文摘要

Robot swarms harness simple, local interactions among many individually limited robots to produce complex, coordinated collective behavior, making them valuable across domains from agriculture to disaster response. We envision the next frontier for such swarms as open swarms, in which robots join or leave the swarm dynamically at runtime. The ability to dynamically adjust swarm size has been shown to be beneficial, for instance by reducing inconsistencies and network partitioning, especially under sparse connectivity or in complex environments, ultimately improving task performance. For practical deployment, however, open swarms requires governance, particularly protection against Byzantine behavior (i.e., faulty or malicious robots), since allowing robots to join freely also makes the swarm easier to infiltrate. Blockchain technology has recently been incorporated into robot swarms, offering secure, decentralized coordination and improved resilience, though largely in closed settings with a fixed, predetermined membership. In this work, we extend these benefits to open swarms by introducing robot swarms governed by a blockchain-based decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), in which the swarm regulates itself using autonomous rules encoded in smart contracts. We outline several DAO-based governance mechanisms for robot swarms, depending on the needs of the application, and present a proof-of-concept implementation of a simple DAO that regulates swarm membership and prevents Byzantine infiltration. Our simulation results and real-robot validations show that DAO-governed access control and robot removal can maintain proper swarm functioning while keeping the number of Byzantine robots within acceptable limits.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03968

One Mistake, Three Layers: Persistence Rules Under Depth Correlation

Maryam Rahimimovassagh, Michael Brown, Sanjeda Sara Jennifer, Niloofar Yousefi

原文摘要

Probing frozen representations layer by layer is now standard practice, but reporting when a signal first becomes decodable requires a rule for reading a depth curve, and the obvious rule is wrong. On synthetic curves with known ground truth, requiring a probe score to exceed a null-calibrated threshold for three consecutive stages reports an onset nineteen stages early under transformer-like depth correlation, with every resample returning an onset. The failure follows from correlation between neighboring layers, a hazard known in neuroimaging but not, to our knowledge, checked for depth curves. We give an estimator whose error rate is calibrated rather than assumed. Null trajectories are built by permuting labels within each evaluation unit and holding each permutation fixed across depth, preserving the correlation structure the rule must survive; thresholds are per-layer order statistics; and the persistence requirement is calibrated rather than chosen. Applied to pocket information in a frozen co-folding trunk, stratifying 1,820 post-cutoff targets by protein-family and pocket familiarity, the five-stage rule fires on 4 to 7 per cent of null trajectories against a nominal 5 per cent and the three-stage rule on 12 to 17: the synthetic failure reproduces on real data. Pocket membership is decodable above threshold at all 48 blocks in all four regimes, so the onset cannot discriminate them; the pre-declared accumulation depth does, and is latest for familiar families with structurally novel pockets in every feature set. That regime is also the weakest, by a margin surviving controls for length, pocket measure and alignment depth. Separately, a widely used public co-folding checkpoint loads against its own code with 128 trunk parameters missing; those would be randomly initialized, and every representation extracted would be partly noise while appearing normal.

cs.LG · q-bio.QM

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v4arXiv:2602.06054

Novelty Reviewer: A Large-Scale Dataset and Model for Reviewer-Aligned Novelty Assessment

Abeer Mostafa, Thi Huyen Nguyen, Zahra Ahmadi

原文摘要

Assessing novelty in AI research is arguably the most consequential yet least reliable step in peer review. Reviewer judgments of novelty remain inconsistent and dependent on comparisons to prior work that are often incomplete. We release a large-scale Novelty Reviewer Dataset built from 102,021 official reviews of 37,899 ICLR and NeurIPS submissions (2022-2025). For each submission, it provides the reviewers' novelty statements, a paper-level novelty assessment, and a novelty score on a four-point scale. On top of this dataset, we build Novelty Reviewer, a literature-aware framework that learns how reviewers judge novelty and grounds these judgments in semantic comparisons to existing research. We fine-tune a large language model on the dataset to capture reviewer-aligned novelty evaluation behavior. Given a manuscript, the framework extracts structured representations of its ideas, methods, and claims; retrieves semantically related papers; and constructs a knowledge graph that enables concept-level comparison to prior work. Based on the retrieved evidence, the model produces calibrated novelty scores alongside human-like explanatory assessments, reducing overestimation and improving consistency relative to existing approaches. Furthermore, we analyze different LLMs' abilities to assess originality and detect potential conceptual plagiarism. We publicly release the dataset, the model, and the code with documentation to support research on automated novelty assessment and peer review.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03966

Stacking-Based Weighting for Large Language Bayes in M-Open Settings

Anant Bhide, Akarsh Gupta, Edmond Cunningham, Justin Domke

原文摘要

Large Language Bayes (LLB) transforms a natural language problem description into a collection of candidate probabilistic programs and performs inference within each model, combining their predictions using Bayesian model averaging. While this provides a flexible framework for probabilistic inference without manual model specification, the resulting candidate model set is often misspecified in practice, and likelihood-based aggregation can concentrate on a single model, under-representing uncertainty across the sampled models. We propose a stacking-based aggregation method for LLB that selects model weights by optimizing predictive performance rather than marginal likelihood, while preserving the original language-model-driven model generation and within-model inference pipeline. Because leave-one-out predictive quantities are intractable in latent-variable models, we derive a variational lower bound that yields a tractable ELBO-based stacking objective. Across real-world probabilistic inference tasks, our method achieves comparable predictive performance to Bayesian model averaging while yielding more dispersed model weights, reducing concentration on a single candidate model under misspecification.

cs.LG · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03964

Ermakov--Based embeddings as a parameter-free layer for physics-informed neural networks

Roberto Bernal-Jaquez, Roberto Romero Huerta, Alexander Schaum

原文摘要

Evolution equations with time-dependent coefficients force a neural solver to spend capacity on a scale that the equation already determines. We show that a single classical object, the Ermakov-Pinney scale function $ρ$, can be written into the input layer of a physics-informed neural network as a parameter-free embedding. One construction covers three problem families through the two signs of the Pinney constant $c$: linear diffusion ($c=-1$, $ω\equiv0$), diffusion in a time-dependent confining trap ($c=-1$, $ω\neq0$), and the quantum oscillator with time-dependent frequency ($c=+1$). An exact moment identity gives $ρ$ in closed form from the initial data alone, so no auxiliary network or knowledge of the solution is needed. Our central finding is comparative: each family requires a different component of the construction and has a different honest control. In family I, the diffusive-time reparametrisation alone reproduces most of the gain, so that family is a poor test of the idea and shows why an ablation is mandatory. In family II no time reparametrisation exists, the control degrades accuracy, and the amplitude prefactor becomes essential (40.8x). In family III the adiabatic approximation also fails, and the quadratic phase factor is what matters (5.7x). The method does not help when the reduced solution does not converge to a fixed point: its extrapolation advantage then disappears. The reduction itself is the classical scaling-variable change of the self-similar-asymptotics literature; what is new is the moment identity that makes it architectural for time-dependent coefficients, and the comparative anatomy above.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03963

ProteoCraft: Protein Design as Proposal-Verification Search

Fang Wu, Hongbin Lin, Bingchen Duan, Yuchen Wang, Li Erran Li, Yanjie Huang, Mingxuan Cao, Yijun Ma 等 27 位作者

原文摘要

Protein-protein interactions underpin nearly all biological processes. Yet, designing proteins with desired interactions remains challenging due to the structural complexity governing molecular recognition. This study views protein design as a search optimization problem over a combinatorial sequence space under expensive structural evaluation. Toward this goal, we introduce a novel tree-based search framework, ProteoCraft, that employs approximate structural gradients from diffusion-based structure predictors as effective proposal policies to specify where the search should explore. Complete no-gradient inference of folding models separately assigns values to the resulting sequences, determining what is good. ProteoCraft allocates this verification budget through a coarse-to-fine paradigm: multi-site edits first explore distinct sequence basins, then verified promising states undergo strict single-site refinement. Across fourteen de novo binder-design settings spanning eight target proteins, five immune-relevant TCR-facing targets, and four localized CDR redesign tasks, ProteoCraft improves design quality and high-confidence yield. These improvements persist under independent AF2-IG and Rosetta-based interface evaluation. Prospective experimental validation further yielded an 82.9% binding hit rate for PD-L1 miniproteins, with a best measured KD of 0.879 nM, and confirmed binding of designed IFNAR2 VHH. Our code is available at https://github.com/smiles724/ProteoCraft_v1.

cs.CE · cs.AI · q-bio.BM

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03962

Sampling Interventional Distributions with Orthogonal MMD Flow

Bariscan Bozkurt, Hugh Dance, Zonghao Chen, Alexandre Galashov, Arthur Gretton, Houssam Zenati

原文摘要

Many causal inference problems require sampling from interventional outcome distributions rather than estimating low-dimensional summaries. Existing approaches often rely on fitting generative models of the target distribution together with additional nuisance components, which can be computationally demanding for high-dimensional outcomes. We propose Interventional Maximum Mean Discrepancy Flow (IMMD-Flow), a particle-based method that instead represents the target interventional distribution through its kernel mean embedding. This kernel embedding admits a doubly robust, Neyman-orthogonal estimator with finite-sample guarantees and can be efficiently reused to sample from the interventional distribution via MMD gradient flow. IMMD-Flow accommodates both hard and soft interventions, admits theoretical guarantees for estimation and particle approximation, and extends to high-dimensional image outcomes through frozen encoders. Across image-based benchmarks, IMMD-Flow matches or improves upon state-of-the-art generative approaches while showing significant speed advantages.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.09299

Literati: Towards Anytime Optimal Shape Generalized Trees via AO*

Nakul Upadhya, Eldan Cohen

原文摘要

Decision trees are prized for their interpretability and strong performance on tabular data, but popular greedy top-down induction algorithms can yield suboptimal and unnecessarily complex structures. Optimal decision tree methods address this through global optimization, yet remain restricted to axis-aligned threshold splits, which limit the expressivity of each node and often force deep, complex trees to capture non-linear feature effects. Shape Generalized Trees (SGTs) generalize threshold splits to learnable univariate shape functions, improving expressivity and enabling more compact trees. However, existing SGT induction algorithms are greedy and offer no optimality guarantees. In this work, we introduce Literati, the first algorithm for optimal SGT induction. We propose a novel AND/OR graph formulation of the problem that jointly optimizes tree structure and shape function complexity. To solve this AND/OR graph, we develop an AO*-based algorithm with two enhancements that improve anytime performance while preserving optimality: a secondary heuristic for OR-node selection and a round-robin policy for AND-node exploration. Across 24 real-world datasets, Literati achieves higher training and test accuracy than state-of-the-art tree approaches.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03955

Forget What Comes Next: LLM Unlearning via Statistical Independence

Andrii Shkabrii, Claudia Plant, Martin Pawelczyk

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) can memorize and reproduce fragments of their training data, raising privacy and legal concerns that motivate machine unlearning. Yet poisoned training examples can remain statistically detectable after unlearning, which raises the question of whether current unlearning objectives remove what the model has memorized at all. In this work, we introduce PINT, a novel algorithm for machine unlearning that uses the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) to reduce the statistical dependence between tokens to be forgotten and the internal representations used to predict them. We formally relate our HSIC-based objective to Exact Memorization through a computable upper bound, connecting the training objective directly to the model's ability to reproduce the forgotten tokens. In extensive experiments, we compare forgetting-utility trade-offs across eight settings with models up to 7B parameters and demonstrate scalability to 70B parameter models. Our evaluations cover unlearning Gaussian poisons, personal information, hazardous knowledge in biology and cybersecurity, and copyrighted books and news articles. PINT achieves the strongest forgetting-utility trade-off on average and is the only method to make Gaussian poisons undetectable while maintaining near-original model utility. Code is available at: https://github.com/shkabrii/PINT

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03952

Do We Still Need Rotation-Invariant Architectures? A Statistical Robustness Benchmark for Point Cloud Classification

Abdulla Nasir Chowdhury, Gulpi Qorik Oktagalu Pratamasunu, Kazuhiro Fukui

原文摘要

A substantial line of work builds rotation invariance directly into point cloud architectures. We benchmark 10 architectures (PointNet, PointNet++, DGCNN, RIConv, RIConv++, RISurConv, PointMLP, PointTransformer, and the equivariant VN-PointNet and VN-DGCNN) across 5 domains under pose, noise, and occlusion, and analyze the results with confirmatory hypothesis tests rather than point estimates. The three rotation-invariant (RI) architectures achieve the best pose robustness but rank among the lowest on noise robustness in 4 of 5 domains. We ask whether this cost is intrinsic to invariance or specific to how invariance is obtained. We retrain all 10 architectures unchanged, with a simple invariance loss on the embedding and three training seeds each, and evaluate all models on the independently designed ModelNet40-C. Invariance training transfers narrowly but reliably. It improves exactly the corruption families its perturbations target wherever the baseline has headroom (mean occlusion +10.5, lidar +13.4 percentage points of accuracy). At matched training budget the best standard backbone and the best RI architecture end on par on unseen corruptions (within 2.5 percentage points in every seed), and invariance-trained RIConv++ is the most seed-stable top model. Once rotation augmentation is widened, standard backbones concede only a flat, angle-independent accuracy offset under full-sphere rotation. We release the benchmark along with a package for analyzing point cloud robustness and reproducing our results.

cs.CV · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03948

Balancing Chain-of-Thought and Answer Supervision for Small Language Models on Medical Question Answering

Le Zhou, Xiao Luo, Chinmay Chandra, Zhan Zhang

原文摘要

Small language models (<=9B parameters) can support local medical question answering (QA) while reducing privacy and latency concerns, but effective fine-tuning remains challenging. This paper compares two chain-of-thought (CoT) supervised fine-tuning methods: Uniform-across-Sequence (UaS), which applies equal loss weighting to the full CoT-and-answer sequence, and Segment-weighted (SwS), which separately weights CoT and answer losses. We evaluate six general- and medical-domain models on multiple-choice QA (MedQA and EMS-MCQA) and free-text QA (Med-O1). Results show that neither method is universally best: on multiple-choice QA (MedQA and EMS-MCQA), SwS generally performs better, with general-purpose models benefiting most; notably, Qwen3.5-4B improves by up to 44.8% over its zero-shot baseline on MedQA. In contrast, medical-domain models show smaller or even negative gains on MCQs. On free-text QA (Med-O1), UaS performs best for nearly all models and provides consistent improvements across both model types, with the 3B Llama-3.2 model approaching the performance of much larger 7B medical-domain models. We also find that excessively long CoT generation is associated with lower performance in some models on either multiple-choice or free-text QA tasks, suggesting that limiting the CoT length during training may benefit selected models. Overall, the results show that CoT loss weighting should be matched to the task format and the knowledge already encoded in the base model, rather than using a single fine-tuning strategy for all clinical QA tasks.

cs.CL · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03946

We Ran a Research Sprint With AI. The AI Worked. The Research Didn't

Anush Sankaran, Arijit Banerjee

原文摘要

Generative AI tools for research are widely deployed, yet individual productivity gains do not guarantee better team research. We argue that how AI use is structured matters alongside access. Personal AI tools may amplify two failures under deadline pressure: a consumption bottleneck, in which generation outpaces team-visible evaluation, and AI-induced research silos, in which private human-AI loops displace shared decision-making. We motivate this position with a mechanism-generating pilot: a 100-minute research sprint with twelve researchers in three independently operating teams, within a seventeen-person session. Both patterns recurred across teams and evidence sources. Of 33 logged AI interactions, one was accepted outright and 27 lacked a recorded disposition; missing records alone do not establish absent evaluation. A parallel autonomous pipeline produced a complete draft without in-session human evaluation, illustrating production capacity rather than comparative quality. We propose Human-AI-Human collaboration: an interaction topology in which AI connects researchers' contexts and supports inspectable collective evaluation and decision-making. The pilot does not isolate AI-specific effects from time pressure or workflow practices. We close with seven modular, falsifiable design hypotheses, prioritizing shared context and team-visible evaluation checkpoints for controlled follow-up.

cs.AI · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03944

h-NESDF: An Infinitely Differentiable Signed Distance Between Two Sets with Robotic Applications

Vinicius Mariano Gonçalves, Pedro Antonio de Souza Campos Rodrigues

原文摘要

Computing distances between sets is important in many robotic applications, such as motion planning and control. In many applications, derivatives of the distance are needed as well. It is well known that the Euclidean distance is not always differentiable, which create issues to algorithms that need a derivative. In this paper, we introduce NESDF, the Normal Euclidean Signed Distance Function between two general (with mild regularity assumptions but possibly non-convex) sets. This metric is still not differentiable, but it allows us to introduce a generalization, $h$-NESDF, which has a smoothing parameter $h$ such that the metric is infinitely differentiable for all $h>0$ and that reduces to the NESDF when $h$ goes to $0$. The metric is amenable to GPU parallelization, and thus can be computed efficiently. We show extensive simulation results to evaluate its viability in motion planning.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03942

Camera Radar LiDAR Fusion via Point-Cloud Projection for Multi-Task Learning

Kavin Chandrasekaran, Sorin Grigorescu

原文摘要

Autonomous vehicles require robust perception systems to operate safely under diverse environmental conditions. While cameras provide high-resolution visual data, their performance significantly degrades in low-light and adverse weather. High Definition (HD) radar offers superior reliability and angular resolution under such conditions but lacks rich visual feature recognition. LiDAR, though expensive, delivers highly precise distance measurements and dense point clouds. Each sensor exhibits unique trade-offs, necessitating the development of advanced sensor fusion algorithms to harness complementary strengths while minimizing computational complexity and maintaining accuracy. In this study, the proposed fusion architecture performs early fusion by combining camera images with perspective-view point cloud data from HD radar and LiDAR sensors. The proposed model is trained to detect vehicles and segment free drivable space simultaneously. Experiments are performed on the RADIal dataset where we demonstrate that fusing point cloud data with camera images in front-view surpasses the performances of the most recent standalone and fusion models.

cs.CV · cs.AI · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03940

Coordinate Frame Recovery, Per Class NMS and Null Return Modelling for Sim2Real V2X LiDAR Detection

Aman Upganlawar

原文摘要

We describe our approach to the V2X-Real track of the UrbanTwin Sim2Real LiDAR Challenge, in which a 3D object detector must be trained exclusively on synthetic data and evaluated on unseen real roadside LiDAR from an Ouster OS1-64 unit, while the synthetic point clouds are simultaneously scored for distributional realism. Our final entry scores 0.7457 combined, from a detection mAP of 0.4382 and a realism score of 0.9251. Three findings account for most of our result, and all three were diagnostic rather than architectural. First, a coordinate frame mismatch between our predictions and the evaluation ground truth was suppressing detection AP entirely; recovering it took our score from 0.3520 to 0.5147 in a single submission. Second, a single global non maximum suppression threshold was destroying genuine pedestrian detections, because pedestrians occur in groups and a 0.3 IoU threshold applied to a 0.7 m box suppresses distinct neighbouring people; correcting this per class raised overall mAP from 0.0751 to 0.4295. Third, approximately 31 percent of the real reference point cloud consists of null returns encoded as the literal point (0, 0, 0), a format feature entirely absent from our synthetic clouds, which pinned Earth Mover's Distance near its floor until we modelled it. Negative results are reported at equal length, and Section 9 gives a full account of data provenance and compliance. That section also accounts for every mechanism contributing to the submitted score.

cs.CV · cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03937

FlowBench: Counterfactual Imagination Training for Spatial Intelligence

Yifan Liu, Baihan Zhang, Khai Loong Aw, Klemen Kotar, Daniel L. K. Yamins

原文摘要

Humans imagine scene changes under hypothetical motions, an ability central to spatial reasoning and robotic planning. However, this capability remains underexplored in vision-language models and world models. We formalize this capability as Counterfactual Spatial Imagination (CSI) and introduce FlowBench, a resource for training and evaluating both, with 428K training examples spanning simulated and real-world scenes, household environments and tabletop manipulation, and diverse question types. A scalable, fully automatic pipeline pairs each hypothetical motion with spatial questions and, in simulation, exact outcome frames and optical flow. For VLMs, proprietary models exhibit an imagination gap, performing worse when motion outcomes must be inferred than when observed, and open-source models perform near chance; fine-tuning Qwen3-VL-8B on FlowBench-Sim-Train raises its accuracy by 29.5 percentage points in simulation and 16.9 on real images, a strong sim-to-real transfer. For world models, training on FlowBench-Sim improves text-to-flow prediction for all four model families we test, raising the accuracy of Psi-0.6 from 52.1% to 61.7%. FlowBench thus serves as a training and evaluation resource for both. Code and datasets are released at https://github.com/liuyifan22/FlowBench.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v4arXiv:2510.25126

Why Freeze the Encoder? A Controlled Study of End-to-End Sequence-Graph Learning for User Behavior

Yuen Chen, Yulun Wu, Samuel Sharpe, Igor Melnyk, Nam H. Nguyen, Furong Huang, C. Bayan Bruss, Rizal Fathony

原文摘要

Modeling user behavior couples two distinct signals: a per-user sequence of events and a persistent user-to-user relation graph. Standard pipelines preserve these native formats by combining them in two stages: a sequence encoder is pretrained, its per-user embeddings are frozen, and a graph model is trained on top to allow for cheap serving and cross-task reuse. We ask a simple question: does training the sequence and graph models end-to-end help, and if so, when? To isolate the impact of the training strategy, we hold a standard sequence-encoder-to-GNN pipeline fixed and vary only the optimization method; on Brightkite, a matched control that starts both pipelines from the same pretrained encoder and changes only whether it is updated attributes a 10.6-point MRR gain to end-to-end updating. Across relationship prediction and fraud detection on five real-world datasets, we find that the benefit of end-to-end training is conditional: it improves clearly over frozen two-stage pipelines on relationship prediction, where the relation graph appears to carry much of the signal, whereas gains shrink where the predictive signal is largely node-local (fraud detection), a regime in which a text-fed relational graph transformer achieves competitive results. Furthermore, recasting the data as a temporal graph yields inconsistent results compared to this native sequence-graph formulation. Ultimately, this work provides a controlled empirical account of when jointly training the two structures helps.

cs.LG · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03936

Geometric Refinement and Distributional Alignment for Sim2Real Roadside LiDAR Detection

Aman Upganlawar

原文摘要

We describe our approach to the LUMPI track of the UrbanTwin Sim2Real LiDAR Challenge, in which a 3D object detector must be trained exclusively on synthetic data and evaluated on unseen real roadside LiDAR, while the synthetic point clouds are simultaneously scored for distributional realism. Our final entry scores 0.4793 combined, from a detection mAP of 0.1333 and a realism score of 0.9126. Our contribution is not a new architecture. Working from a PointPillars baseline, we obtained most of our gains from three sources. First, a diagnosis that small object failure in roadside LiDAR is a localisation problem rather than a detection problem, which led to a parameter free geometric refinement worth 86 percent relative on pedestrian AP. Second, an audit of our own post processing which revealed that a shipped rule was destroying valid predictions, the repair of which produced our single largest detection gain at 335 percent relative on the Van class. Third, treating the realism metrics analytically rather than as a black box, which showed that one of the four components is a closed form function of nine summary statistics. We also report an experimental methodology that we believe is the more transferable result. Because mean AP decomposes into independent per class terms, a single submission can carry several mutually controlled experiments, and a submission assembled entirely from previously measured components has a score that is known before it is sent. We predicted our final score to four decimal places prior to submission. We report negative results at equal length, and give a full account of data provenance and compliance in Section 8, including a full account of every mechanism contributing to the submitted score.

cs.CV · cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2601.17126

Foundation model for particle collision data analysis

Ting-Hsiang Hsu, Bai-Hong Zhou, Qibin Liu, Yue Xu, Shu Li, George Wei-Shu Hou, Benjamin Nachman, Shih-Chieh Hsu 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Data-intensive collider experiments increasingly require models that transfer across high-dimensional, partially observed measurements, yet most analyses still optimize separate models for each task. Here, to address this bottleneck, we introduce EVENET, an event-level foundation model pretrained on 500 million simulated collision events using self-supervised learning and physics-informed supervision. The model constructs a shared particle-cloud representation from the variable-length set of physics objects in each event. Across searches for heavy resonances and exotic Higgs decays, EVENET outperforms both established and state-of-the-art baselines, particularly in low-statistics regimes. We validate transfer to experimental data by rediscovering the $Υ$ meson in CMS Open Data. The pretrained model also supports precise extraction of quantum-correlation observables that remain stable under the tested systematic variations. Together, these results establish a reusable backbone for diverse collider analyses, improving downstream adaptation after a substantial one-time pretraining investment.

hep-ex · cs.LG · hep-ph

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03935

Labtune: Treating Lab Organization and Information Sharing as Experimental Variables in LLM-Agent Discovery

Goran Mitevski

原文摘要

De-siloing can create groupthink; silos can prevent knowledge sharing and reduce research efficiency. The same tension appears in research systems built with large language model (LLM) agents, yet their organization is usually fixed by design. I propose treating laboratory structure and information sharing as experimental variables. I introduce Labtune, an open framework for bounded research workflows with user-selected laboratory organization, communication policy, model configuration and budget. Users can choose among six editable designs, from multidisciplinary silos and transdisciplinary teams to co-leaders, hub-and-spoke structures, flat co-labs and a single scientist. Information sharing can independently vary from none to high detail, with an optional channel for conditional abstractions called wisdom. Sharing is enforced by the controller at phase barriers rather than through unrestricted agent chat, while delegation does not create additional budget or permissions. Development evidence is separated from protected confirmation, and an optional multi-lab layer allows laboratories with different structures to exchange filtered information. Labtune is an idea and system-description paper, not a benchmark result. Its contribution is to make laboratory organization and information sharing configurable and measurable under matched budgets. I do not claim that one design or level of sharing is best; the aim is to create a concrete experimental space in which those differences can be tested.

physics.soc-ph · cs.MA

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03934

Accelerating FastDEC Clustering Algorithm with GPUs

Mi Li, Eibe Frank, Bernhard Pfahringer

原文摘要

Fast Dominance Estimation Clustering (FastDEC) is an efficient variant of Density Peak Clustering (DPC) that achieves high clustering quality through dominance-based density estimation, but remains constrained by the computational cost of exact k-nearest-neighbor (k-NN) construction and dominance component (DC) processing. We present SymWarp-FastDEC, a GPU-accelerated implementation of FastDEC. At its core is SymTrikNN, an exact self-k-NN kernel that exploits search symmetry using upper-triangular traversal and warp-cooperative top-k selection. We also introduce WP-DC, a warp-parallel DC reduction algorithm designed for modern GPUs. Combined with memory-adaptive execution planning and stream scheduling, WP-DC eliminates DC reduction as a runtime bottleneck. Experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets show that SymWarp-FastDEC produces clustering outputs identical to the original FastDEC on all evaluated equivalence benchmarks. Compared with a FastDEC variant using FAISS GpuIndexFlatL2 for exact k-NN search, our approach achieves approximately 1.7x to 4.9x higher end-to-end performance, with the advantage generally increasing with dimensionality. Compared with the original single-threaded Python FastDEC implementation, speedups reach approximately 2.5 x 10^4 in a very high-dimensional case where its k-d-tree-based search degrades; this extreme result is not representative of typical acceleration.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03932

CoReMatch: Recurrent Continuous Coordinate Refinement for Real-Time Robotic Feature Matching

Robert J. Wang, Charles Ling, Boyu Wang

原文摘要

Feature matching underpins many robotic perception tasks, including visual localization, mapping, SLAM, and autonomous navigation. Existing semi-dense matchers predict confidence on fixed grids, limiting correspondences to predefined locations and requiring costly high-resolution grids for precise localization. We present CoReMatch (Coordinate Refinement Match), a recurrent framework that refines correspondences directly in continuous coordinate space rather than predicting discrete confidence maps. CoReMatch progressively improves correspondence estimates by propagating information across iterations. At the coarse stage, a Deep Aggregated Transformer captures global context and iteratively updates correspondence coordinates, while a lightweight regression head further sharpens their localization. Experiments on indoor and outdoor benchmarks show that CoReMatch strikes a strong balance between accuracy and efficiency, outperforming Efficient LoFTR in accuracy while running more than 10x faster on embedded edge hardware. These results demonstrate that recurrent coordinate refinement offers an efficient and scalable approach to real-time feature matching for robotic perception.

cs.RO · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03931

Beyond Division of Labor: How Roles Shape Feedback and Recovery in Multi-Agent Systems

Chih-Hsuan Yang, Xinyang Li, Rajeev Thakur, Feng Yan

原文摘要

Roles in multi-agent large language model (LLM) systems allocate decisions as well as work. In a Planner--Executor--Reviewer team, the Reviewer's approval can determine when the team submits an answer and receives corrective feedback. We study both functions by varying role instructions while holding agents, topology, call budget, and ground-truth evaluator constant, using three open-weight models on Omni-MATH and two on SciBench. Removing roles largely eliminates functional specialization without lowering first-pass accuracy. After a failed first answer, however, submission decisions matter: a role-structured Reviewer often withholds approval, so its team submits less often and receives fewer evaluator verdicts. In an exploratory comparison with feedback available to both teams, the role-free team recovers more often across all five model--benchmark settings. Two further analyses support the importance of feedback opportunities. In a post hoc comparison at equal numbers of verdicts, the pooled recovery difference is small (role-structured minus role-free: $+0.009$, 95% interval $[-0.014,+0.033]$). In an exploratory intervention on $400$ Omni-MATH problems with gemma-4, keeping the role prompts but forcing submission in every cycle raises recovery from $0.198$ to $0.613$; the paired comparison detects no difference from the role-free team. The takeaway is to evaluate roles through recovery after failure as well as specialization. For systems with reliable external feedback, this requires measuring who may submit, how often the team receives feedback, and which agents can act on it.

cs.MA

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗