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版本更新 · v3arXiv:2603.01563

Efficient Token-Level Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion Models via Velocity Alignment

Chenxing Wei, Jiazhen Kang, Hong Wang, Jianqing Zhang, Hao Jiang, Xiaolong Xu, Ningyuan Sun, Ying He 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) successfully aligns autoregressive models in rigorous domains like mathematical reasoning and code generation. However, applying RLVR to Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) is hindered by intractable sequence-level likelihoods, forcing existing methods to rely on unstable, high-variance approximations. We propose Sequence Likelihood-Free Policy Optimization (LFPO), an efficient framework that circumvents this bottleneck by formulating policy alignment as discrete velocity alignment. Inspired by continuous flow matching, LFPO eschews trajectory-level estimation and directly optimizes denoising logits via contrastive token-level updates, providing a stable, low-variance surrogate. Furthermore, predicting terminal solutions from intermediate states implicitly straightens the generation trajectory, enabling high-quality sampling with significantly fewer denoising iterations. Extensive experiments on reasoning and coding benchmarks demonstrate that LFPO matches or exceeds the accuracy of likelihood-based baselines while substantially accelerating inference.

cs.LG · cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36983

Advancement or Acceleration? How Data Curation Improves LLM Training

Jiaxing Wang, Zicheng Zhang, Deping Xiang, Jin Xu, Yong Li, Chao Liu, Pengzhang Liu, Qixia Jiang

原文摘要

While data curation is widely credited with improving large language model training, a basic question remains unresolved: does curation expand what a model can ultimately learn, or merely reach the same solution faster? In this paper, we formalize this distinction between advancement (improving the attainable performance) and acceleration (reaching the same performance with less data). Through an analytic characterization and real-world LLM experiments, we show that advancement requires a correctable train-target gap. When the baseline training and target objectives coincide, no curation policy improves the endpoint, although curation may still accelerate training. This reframes advancement as a property of the curation task rather than the curation method. Under a common gap-centric view of data mixture and selection, we operationalize this condition as the $Δ$-test, an observable discrepancy between the uncurated baseline's training and target losses that is computable prior to expensive curation. Across extensive experiments, an appreciably nonzero $Δ$ predicts persistent gains, whereas gains near $Δ=0$ tend to diminish as the training budget grows. Beyond individual methods, our findings recenter data curation on the task itself and point to target-set construction as a promising direction for shaping what curation can achieve.

cs.LG · cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36750

Multi-task Disentangling Fusion Mamba-CNN for MODIS Spectral-Temporal Unmixing with Endmember Variability Modeling

Motasem Alkayid, Yimin Zhu, Naser El-Sheimy, Lincoln Linlin Xu

原文摘要

Spectral-temporal unmixing of MODIS time series is essential for applications such as abundance mapping and spectral library construction, yet it remains challenging due to (i) spectral-temporal information coupling in MODIS data, (ii) intra-class endmember spectral variability and inter-class signature ambiguity, and (iii) the instability of naively fusing multiple expert representations. This paper presents the Multi- task Disentangling Fusion Mamba (MDF-Mamba) to address these limitations. To resolve spectral-temporal coupling, we design a disentangling architecture that pairs per-channel spectral experts with a dedicated bidirectional state-space (Mamba) temporal branch. Convolutional modules each process a single spectral channel, while the Mamba branch encodes the cross-channel seasonal trajectory, forming a multi-branch expert ensemble with soft inter-expert reweighting based on squeeze-and-excitation. For the integration of these spectral and temporal expert outputs, we introduce mHCFusion, adapting the manifold-constrained hyper-connection framework to merge the outputs in a stable and interpretable manner. Endmember variability is addressed by extending the linear mixing model with pixel-wise learnable spectral variability weights that capture intra-class endmember variation. Finally, we design a multi-task training objective that combines supervised abundance estimation with self-supervised spectral reconstruction and endmember regularization terms on the same training data, yielding a highly efficient framework for spectral-temporal unmixing. Experiments on MODIS time series covering the Alberta and Saskatchewan provinces show that MDF-Mamba achieves the best performance on 12 of 14 evaluation metrics across both datasets (7 of 7 on Alberta; 5 of 7 on Saskatchewan), ranking second on the remaining two.

cs.CV

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.32909

HoloBoxing: A Simple Recipe for Humanoid Boxing with 7 Minutes of Single-GPU Training

Xihan Ma, Bo Zhang, Boxiong Li, Yuhan Bao, Ziyue Liu, Yucheng Wang

原文摘要

HoloBoxing presents a simple recipe for learning humanoid boxing by building on a pretrained whole-body controller. The recipe separates reusable motor skills from task decisions: a compact planner requests future body-point targets, while the frozen controller handles joint-level execution. A learned decoder maps 32-dimensional actions to structured target windows, and measured-state imitation initializes the planner before reinforcement learning. Task learning then refines interaction behavior while reusing the decoder and controller, avoiding the need to relearn whole-body control. This combination keeps task optimization focused on a compact upper policy and supplies an initial behavior before reward-driven exploration. Starting from that available controller, the recipe accounts for about seven minutes of additional training, including reused representation fitting and a single-GPU task run. This excludes controller pretraining, data preparation, evaluation, and search. Simulated boxing experiments and component controls evaluate the resulting behavior and the roles of imitation initialization and the target representation.

cs.RO

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.35385

EmbodiedLab: Benchmarking Embodied Agents That Act to Know

Hongcheng Gao, Zelin Zheng, Alex Zhou, Jay Zhu, Shijia Ge, Yazhe Wang, Xiping Li, Jianshu Zeng 等 21 位作者

原文摘要

Embodied agents are expected to accomplish real-world goals by deciding for themselves how and when to interact with their surroundings. For many such goals, changing the physical state of the world is the means rather than the end: the agent changes the state of a system through interaction, observes the feedback, and explores until it either achieves the goal itself (e.g., discovering physical laws) or learns what the goal requires; it acts to know. Manipulation benchmarks stop at acting to change, with the target state given; scientific discovery benchmarks evaluate knowing but replace physical experimentation with symbolic actions or numerical queries. We introduce EmbodiedLab, a benchmark in which a robot must act to know. Quantitative science experiments make this setting controllable: the parameters of the system are resampled for every instance, so the result cannot be known in advance, yet it can be scored exactly. Across 30 experiments in five disciplines on 14 apparatus platforms, the agent receives an objective and the apparatus, chooses its own procedure, and operates a physics-based simulated laboratory, reading the instruments through its cameras. Evaluation checks what the agent came to know, grounded in readings recorded during the episode, as well as the physical state the task requires; every experiment is verified to be solvable. We evaluate six frontier models in their developers' coding agents with native observation and control, with added perception and motion planning, and with manipulation skills distilled from the strongest agents. With native control, even the strongest agent succeeds less than half the time; for every agent, most failures arise in interacting with the apparatus, and manipulation skills help weaker agents more than perception and planning. The benchmark and its evaluation code are available at https://github.com/HexaFuture/EmbodiedLab.

cs.RO

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.13706

GLIMPSE: Global-Local Indexing with Multi-Precision Spectral Encoding for Explorable Video World Models

Zhufeng Xu, Henglei Lv, Bailin Deng, Yikang Ding, Xiaoqiang Liu, Guoxin Zhang, Hongbo Fu, Lin Gao

原文摘要

A camera-controlled video world model must keep a scene consistent when the camera returns to it. Memories that render stored features into the target frame can turn depth and pose errors into ghosting or duplicated structure. Positional transport avoids that resampling by relocating a historical patch's address rather than its content, but assigns full positional precision even to inaccurate projections. We present GLIMPSE, a global-local memory interface with band-wise multi-precision coordinates and geometry-conditioned spectral attenuation to reduce sensitivity to inaccurate projected addresses. Local patch memory supplies view-specific appearance, while recurrent global memory provides scene context. Footprint-guided retrieval selects historical patches under a fixed local read budget. Under matched retrieval and read budgets, GLIMPSE improves geometric correspondence and photometric consistency over deterministic positional transport.

cs.CV

版本更新 · v4arXiv:2509.23166

Test-Time Policy Adaptation for Enhanced Multi-Turn Interactions with LLMs

Chenxing Wei, Hong Wang, Ying He, Fei Yu, Yao Shu

原文摘要

Large Language Models (LLMs) employ multi-turn interaction as a fundamental paradigm for completing complex tasks. However, their performance often degrades in extended interactions, as they are typically trained on static, single-turn data, which hinders their ability to adapt to real-time user feedback. To address this limitation, we first propose a new paradigm: Test-Time Policy Adaptation for Multi-Turn Interactions (T2PAM), which utilizes user feedback from the ongoing interaction as a reward signal to estimate a latent optimal policy aligned with user preferences, then updates a small subset of parameters to steer the model toward this policy, ultimately enabling efficient in-conversation self-correction. We then introduce Optimum-Referenced One-Step Adaptation (ROSA), a lightweight algorithm that operationalizes T2PAM. ROSA guides the model parameters toward a theoretical optimal policy in a single, efficient update step, avoiding costly iterative gradient-based optimization and minimizing computational overhead. We provide a rigorous theoretical analysis guaranteeing that the policy of ROSA converges to the preference of user as the number of interactions increases. Extensive experiments on challenging benchmark demonstrate that ROSA achieves significant improvements in both task effectiveness and efficiency.

cs.CL

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.37221

OptiCom : A Unified Framework for State-Conditioned Composition in LLM-Driven Optimization

Chenxing Wei, Sichen Liu, Lizhao Liu, Ningyuan Sun, Chen Bingzhou, Ying He, Bo Jiang, Fei Yu 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to solve complex scientific and practical problems via iterative optimization. However, dynamically coordinating diverse search mechanisms as candidate quality, failure modes, and resource budgets evolve remains a critical open challenge. Targeted empirical diagnostics reveal that mechanism effectiveness is highly state-dependent. Motivated by this, we analyze how individual decisions drive final outcomes, decomposing the expected terminal improvement under a shared budget into cumulative decision opportunities minus cumulative selection losses. Guided by this opportunity-loss theoretical foundation, we propose OptiCom, a unified framework that represents LLM-driven optimizers within a shared configuration space: C=(A,Q,O,E,M,S), corresponding to artifact, query, operator, evaluation, memory, and strategy. Operating within this space, a fast LLM-based Optimization Controller dynamically composes immediate mechanisms through structured Action Packages, while a slower Strategy Adapter refines long-term selection preferences, operator weights, and templates based on accumulated trajectory feedback. Comprehensive evaluations across 32 benchmark groups demonstrate the superiority of framework: OptiCom achieves an average Max-score rank of 1.72 among 14 evaluated configurations, securing the top score in 23 groups. Ultimately, these results highlight the broad applicability and high extensibility of OptiCom as a general-purpose paradigm for robust LLM test-time scaling.

cs.AI

版本更新 · v4arXiv:2608.03228

SAKI-RoPE: Score-Aware Low-Rank Key Indexing with RoPE-Aware Covariance and Random-Matrix Noise Analysis

Lin Zhang

原文摘要

Existing low-rank KV-cache indexes preserve model weights or key variance, not the attention scores that determine retrieval. We derive the expected score distortion of key-side rank-r compression, a two-sided covariance-weighted low-rank problem that uses both query and key statistics, and solve it exactly: the optimum is an optimal rank-r linear score map, computed in closed form from two d x d covariances per head, and its predicted per-head score-MSE reduction matches measurement (Pearson r = 0.997). The resulting training-free index, SAKI, beats key-PCA at every rank on LLaMA-3.1-8B, Qwen2.5-7B, Mistral-7B and Llama-3.2-3B, at every context length from 4K to 64K, and in every calibration-domain pair (0.748 -> 0.799 recall@64 at r = 32 on LLaMA-3.1-8B). Because RoPE rotates keys by their distance from the query, we make the closed form RoPE-aware by averaging the query covariance over rotations; this SAKI-RoPE, our main method, raises recall to 0.861, beats PCA on every head of all four models, and needs only 28-39% of PCA's rank to match it at r = 32 across the four models. Random-matrix theory of the covariance estimation noise shows that 512 calibration tokens suffice and that clipping the Marchenko-Pastur noise bulk helps SAKI when calibration is short. We make no perplexity claim: with the attention sink pinned, perplexity differences between indexes are small and depend on model and text, and we show that any low-rank index calibrated on a long prefix drops the attention-sink token, which collapses 32K perplexity unless the sink is pinned.

cs.LG · stat.AP

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1045ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models under Data Scarcity: Challenges and Solutions

Zhiyin Yu, Yuchen Mou, Juncheng Yan, Junyu Luo, Chunchun Chen Tongji University, Xing Wei, Yunhui Liu Nanjing University, Hongru Sun University of Wollongong 等 20 位作者

原文摘要

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful post-training paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, reinforcement learning for LLMs faces substantial data scarcity challenges, including the limited availability of high-quality external supervision and the constrained volume of model-generated experience. These limitations make data-efficient reinforcement learning a critical research direction. In this survey, we present the first systematic review of reinforcement learning for LLMs under data scarcity. We propose a bottom-up hierarchical framework built around three complementary perspectives: the data-centric perspective, the training-centric perspective, and the framework-centric perspective. We develop a taxonomy of existing methods, summarize representative approaches in each category, and analyze their strengths and limitations. Our taxonomy aims to provide a clear conceptual foundation for understanding the design space of data-efficient RL for LLMs and to guide researchers working in this emerging area. We hope this survey offers a comprehensive roadmap for future research and inspires new directions toward more efficient and scalable reinforcement learning post-training for LLMs.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1427ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

UMPIRE: Unveiling LLM-generated Posts via Redundant Expressions

Xiaoquan Yi, Haixing Wu Wuhan University of Technology, Haozhao Wang, Yichen Li University of Cambridge, Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence and Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Li Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Rui Zhang Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Tsinghua University, Ruixuan Li Huazhong University of Science and Technology

原文摘要

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has saturated social media platforms with hyper-realistic posts, rendering traditional detection methods that rely on low-level artifacts or unimodal statistics increasingly ineffective. In this work, we identify a fundamental semantic distinction: humans tend to complement visual content with additional context, while LLMs predominantly describe the visual information. To capture this, UMPIRE employs an orthogonal semantic decomposition mechanism that disentangles textual embeddings into redundant and complementary components. An adaptive gating module dynamically weighs these components to reflect diverse communicative styles. To enforce the desired geometric structure, we introduce a latent contrastive redundancy regularization loss that encourages LLM-generated content to exhibit high semantic redundancy, while human-written content emphasizes complementarity. Experimental results demonstrate that UMPIRE significantly outperforms state-of-the-art detection methods across multiple datasets, achieving up to a 5.38% improvement in accuracy.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1491ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

StratMem-Bench: Evaluating Strategic Memory Use in Virtual Character Conversation Beyond Factual Recall

Yerong Wu Southeast University, Tianxing Wu, Minghao Zhu Alibaba Group, Hangyu Sha Southeast University, Haofen Wang Tongji University

原文摘要

Achieving realistic human-like conversation for virtual characters requires not only a simple memorization and recall of past events, but also the strategic utilization of memory to meet factual needs and social engagement. Current memory utilization relevant (e.g., memory-augmented generation, long-term dialogue, and etc.) benchmarks overlook this nuance, treating memory primarily as a static repository of facts rather than a dynamic resource to be strategically deployed in dialogues. To address this gap, we design StratMem-Bench, a new benchmark to evaluate strategic memory use in character-centric dialogues. This dataset comprises 657 instances where virtual characters must navigate heterogeneous memory pools containing required, supportive, and irrelevant memories. We also propose a framework with different evaluation metrics including Strict Memory Compliance, Memory Integration Quality, Proactive Enrichment Score and Conditional Irrelevance Rate, and to evaluate strategic memory use capabilities of virtual characters. Experiments on StratMem-Bench which leverage the state-of-the-art large language models as virtual characters show that all models perform well at distinguishing between required and irrelevant memories, but struggle once supportive memories are introduced into the decision process.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1856ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Too Long, Do Re-weighting for Efficient LLM Reasoning Compression

Zhong-Zhi Li, Xiao Liang, Zihao Tang, Lei Ji, Peijie Wang, Haotian Xu, Xing W, Haizhen Huang 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently achieved remarkable progress on complex reasoning tasks by leveraging extended Chain-of-Thought (CoT) techniques. These reasoning processes can be roughly categorized into System-1 (fast and intuitive) and System-2 (slow and deliberate) paradigms. However, excessive reliance on lengthy System-2-style reasoning during inference can produce extremely long outputs, thereby reducing efficiency. In this work, we propose Thinking Length Data Re-weighting (TLDR), that does not rely on sophisticated data annotations or interpolation between multiple models. We continuously balance the weights between the model’s System-1 and System-2 data to eliminate redundant reasoning processes while preserving the model’s reasoning capability. We validate our method across multiple base models, including Deepseek-R1-Distilled Qwen models, as well as on a diverse benchmarks with varying difficulty levels. Our method significantly reduces the number of output tokens by nearly 40% while maintaining the accuracy of the reasoning.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.351ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

S2O: Early Stopping for Sparse Attention via Online Permutation

Yu Zhang, Songwei Liu bytedance, Chenqian Yan ByteDance Inc., Linsheng ByteDance Inc., Beichen Ning, Fangmin Chen, Xing Wang ByteDance

原文摘要

Attention scales quadratically with sequence length, fundamentally limiting long-context inference.Existing block-granularity sparsification can reduce latency, but coarse blocks impose an intrinsic sparsity ceiling, making further improvements difficult even with carefully engineered designs.We present S2O, which performs early stopping for sparse attention via online permutation.Inspired by virtual-to-physical address mapping in memory systems, S2O revisits and factorizes FlashAttention execution, enabling inference to load non-contiguous tokens rather than a contiguous span in the original order.Motivated by fine-grained structures in attention heatmaps, we transform explicit permutation into an online, index-guided, discrete loading policy; with extremely lightweight preprocessing and index-remapping overhead, it concentrates importance on a small set of high-priority blocks.Building on this importance-guided online permutation for loading, S2O further introduces an early-stopping rule: computation proceeds from high to low importance; once the current block score falls below a threshold, S2O terminates early and skips the remaining low-contribution blocks, thereby increasing effective sparsity and reducing computation under a controlled error budget.As a result, S2O substantially raises the practical sparsity ceiling.On Llama-3.1-8B under a 128K context, S2O reduces single-operator MSE by 3.82\times at matched sparsity, and reduces prefill compute density by 3.31\times at matched MSE; meanwhile, it preserves end-to-end accuracy and achieves 7.51\times attention and 3.81\times end-to-end speedups.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1CVF · CVPR 2026:cvf:8448b1620bcc39d88e2c9d34bfe52a78CVF · CVPR 2026

Hierarchical Long Video Understanding with Audiovisual Entity Cohesion and Agentic Search

Yin, Xinlei, Peng, Xiulian, Li, Xiao, Xiong, Zhiwei, Lu, Yan

原文摘要

Long video understanding presents significant challenges for vision-language models due to extremely long context windows. Existing solutions relying on naive chunking strategies with retrieval-augmented generation, typically suffer from information fragmentation and a loss of global coherence. We present HAVEN, a unified framework for long-video understanding that enables coherent and comprehensive reasoning by integrating audiovisual entity cohesion and hierarchical video indexing with agentic search. First, we preserve semantic consistency by integrating entity-level representations across visual and auditory streams, while organizing content into a structured hierarchy spanning global summary, scene, segment, and entity levels. Then we employ an agentic search mechanism to enable dynamic retrieval and reasoning across these layers, facilitating coherent narrative reconstruction and fine-grained entity tracking. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves good temporal coherence, entity consistency, and retrieval efficiency, establishing a new state-of-the-art with an overall accuracy of 84.1% on LVBench. Notably, it achieves outstanding performance in the challenging reasoning category, reaching 80.1%. These results highlight the effectiveness of structured, multimodal reasoning for comprehensive and context-consistent understanding of long-form videos.

cs.CV · cs.CL · cs.AI

Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2404.16436Google Research

Leveraging tropical reef, bird and unrelated sounds for superior transfer learning in marine bioacoustics

Ben Williams, Bart van Merriënboer, Vincent Dumoulin, Jenny Hamer, Eleni Triantafillou, Abram B. Fleishman, Matthew McKown, Jill E. Munger 等 15 位作者

原文摘要

Machine learning has the potential to revolutionize passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) for ecological assessments. However, high annotation and compute costs limit the field's efficacy. Generalizable pretrained networks can overcome these costs, but high-quality pretraining requires vast annotated libraries, limiting its current applicability primarily to bird taxa. Here, we identify the optimum pretraining strategy for a data-deficient domain using coral reef bioacoustics. We assemble ReefSet, a large annotated library of reef sounds, though modest compared to bird libraries at 2% of the sample count. Through testing few-shot transfer learning performance, we observe that pretraining on bird audio provides notably superior generalizability compared to pretraining on ReefSet or unrelated audio alone. However, our key findings show that cross-domain mixing which leverages bird, reef and unrelated audio during pretraining maximizes reef generalizability. SurfPerch, our pretrained network, provides a strong foundation for automated analysis of marine PAM data with minimal annotation and compute costs.

cs.SD · cs.AI · cs.LG · eess.AS