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原文摘要

Concerns about publication pressure often assume that early-career researchers now produce more papers than comparable researchers did in the past. However, publication counts may give a misleading impression of individual publication output because research has become increasingly collaborative. Researchers can list more papers on their CVs not only by producing more work themselves, but also by working with more coauthors and sharing credit for the same papers. Whether the collaboration-adjusted output of early-career researchers has increased over time has rarely been examined empirically. This study addresses this gap by analysing publication records from more than 200,000 early-career researchers at Western research institutions across five major science, engineering, and health fields between 1996 and 2024. Recent cohorts appear on more papers than earlier cohorts, but they also work in much larger research teams. Once publication credit is divided among coauthors, collaboration-adjusted output remains stable or declines across all fields. These findings show that research evaluation metrics that ignore collaboration are increasingly poorly aligned with how scientific work is produced. Rising publication counts alone should therefore not be taken as evidence that early-career researchers are producing more individual publication output.