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版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.02902

TailorRig:面向服装感知绑定的可控结构化辅助骨架生成

TailorRig: Controllable and Structured Auxiliary Skeleton Generation for Garment-Aware Rigging

Yajing Chen, Xin Chen, Saidan Lu, Yeqi Yuan, Weikai Chen, Changyu Hu, Cheng Zeng, Xin Wang

AI 速读 基于摘要

TailorRig 将服装感知的人形绑定重构为结构化、可控的完整骨架生成问题,通过用户指定身体骨架模板与语义标签驱动自回归生成器合成辅助骨链,并用层级链到骨权重分配减少权重渗漏。

cs.CV

查看原文摘要

Humanoid rigging for modern characters with complex garments remains challenging due to the need for dense auxiliary skeletons and precise skinning control. Existing automatic methods primarily recover rigs from geometry, providing limited artist control over auxiliary articulation and often lacking explicit semantic or kinematic-chain structure for dense garment bones, leading to instability and weight bleeding. We present TailorRig, a framework that reformulates garment-aware humanoid rigging as a structured, controllable full-rig generation problem. This formulation shifts the goal from automatic rig recovery to artist-driven rig authoring, where both body-template compatibility and auxiliary articulation are explicit design choices. TailorRig exposes two explicit axes of artist control within a unified framework: a user-specified body skeleton template that preserves body-rig compatibility, and artist-provided semantic labels that drive an autoregressive generator to synthesize requested category-specific auxiliary bone chains. To robustly assign skinning weights under dense skeletal configurations, we further introduce a hierarchical chain-to-bone formulation: vertices are first associated to a kinematic chain, and bone weights are then refined within that chain, reducing weight bleeding between spatially adjacent but semantically unrelated structures. We evaluate TailorRig on a diverse set of characters and introduce Human-Mix, a large-scale dataset of over 38,000 humanoid models curated for garment-aware rigging. Experiments show that TailorRig improves skeleton accuracy, deformation stability, controllability, and practical usability over existing methods. Project page: https://xxxx0601.github.io/trig/ ; code: https://github.com/Tencent/TailorRig ; dataset: https://huggingface.co/datasets/tencent/TailorRig

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07093

Server-Side Sparse Assignment for Federated Mixture-of-Experts

Xue Zheng, Aylin Yener

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly recognized for their remarkable capabilities; federated learning (FL) offers a promising framework for collaboratively fine-tuning LLMs on edge devices while achieving data privacy. However, edge devices are inherently heterogeneous: clients may exhibit diverse data distributions and resource constraints, including limited memory and computation budgets. Recent federated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) approaches address these challenges by using sparse expert activation or partial expert loading. However, existing partial-expert methods rely on heuristic full-pool observations or prioritize system-wide load balance, without guarantees for recovering client-specific relevant experts from partial observations. We propose $S^3$-MoE, a server-side sparse expert assignment framework that estimates client-specific expert relevance from partial observations and refines assignments through an exploit--explore mechanism. We also establish relevance-estimation error and exact Top-$K$ recovery guarantees. Experiments using a CNN-based MoE on CIFAR-100 show that $S^3$-MoE recovers task-dependent client--expert preferences and reduces conflicts caused by correlated expert selection across clients. Compared with Full-20 FedAvg, which gives each client access to all 20 experts for local Top-5 routing, $S^3$-MoE achieves 1.31 percentage points higher mean final accuracy while loading only $5$ experts per client.

cs.LG · cs.IT

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2609.34799

STRIDE: Automated Evaluation of Text-to-Trajectory Alignment across Diverse Contexts

Wanchun Ni, Tao Qi, Leonel Aguilar, Jiugeng Sun, Marlene Wagner, Verena Zimmermann, Mennatallah El-Assady

原文摘要

Language-conditioned trajectory generation is here, but its evaluation has not kept pace. Existing pedestrian trajectory metrics compare trajectories with real-world human data. This does not scale to text-to-trajectory generation across diverse contexts, as collecting human trajectories for every scenario is costly and infeasible. Moreover, pedestrian behavior is heterogeneous and context-dependent, with no single metric as the correct answer, and current evaluation frameworks are not transferable to this domain. These challenges make scalable, reliable evaluation difficult. We introduce STRIDE, the first framework for evaluating context alignment between scenario descriptions and pedestrian trajectories. STRIDE addresses these challenges through three design choices. First, we derive our VRDST evaluation protocol from sociological theories to define a complete evaluation space. Second, it decomposes high-level context into scenario-adaptive behavioral questions. Third, every question is resolved against a deterministic measurement tool library that yields reproducible answers. Together, STRIDE enables verifiable, automated, and scalable evaluation across diverse contexts without requiring human trajectory data. We instantiate STRIDE in the crowd domain as STRIDE-Bench, comprising 1K scenarios, 6K behavioral questions, and 11K measurements with calibrated expected answers across 30 real-world maps. Comprehensive human validations show that STRIDE-Bench is consistent with human behavior and judgment, achieving 80% human agreement. We further evaluate several text-to-trajectory models, finding limited context-alignment capability and persistent challenges in fine-grained context conditioning. We believe that the STRIDE framework provides a first step toward principled evaluation of context-aligned pedestrian trajectory generation.

cs.AI · cs.CY

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06508

ElecLoad: Adaptive Electricity Load Forecasting Guided by Multiple Events

Huajian Zhang, Mingyue Cheng, Xingpeng Gao, Xiaoyu Tao, Zhiding Liu, Jiqian Yang, Zhi Li

原文摘要

Accurate electricity load forecasting provides critical decision support for energy procurement, generation scheduling, and supply-demand balancing, contributing to the economic efficiency and operational reliability of power systems. However, future electricity demand can be affected by the complex interplay of multiple events described in Web notices, weather alerts, and event schedules. Their effects vary over time and can reinforce or offset one another, making electricity load difficult to forecast accurately. While existing methods can incorporate context as additional input, how to use the effects of multiple events and their interactions to guide the load forecasting process itself remains to be explored. To address this gap, we propose ElecLoad, a context-aware agent for multi-event electricity load forecasting that adaptively organizes the forecasting process. Specifically, we train ElecLoad to combine historical load with context to analyze each event's relevance to the target load, the timing of its effects, and potential interactions among events. Guided by this analysis, ElecLoad adaptively chooses to forecast the entire forecast horizon directly or to partition it into segments according to changes in event effects. When the horizon is partitioned, sub-agents independently generate initial forecasts for each segment. The main agent then reviews these forecasts, and the sub-agents perform selective refinement guided by its feedback. Experiments on multiple electricity load datasets show that ElecLoad achieves state-of-the-art performance in most evaluation scenarios. Code is available at https://github.com/zhjai/ElecLoad.

cs.AI · cs.LG

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.13168

Who Is Your Ideal Companion? Evaluating Emotional Companion Capabilities of LLMs Based on Adult Attachment Theory

Junkai Zhou, Shiting Guan, Zhaoyi Zhang

原文摘要

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied for emotional companionship, evaluating their behavior and capabilities in intimate relationships has become a pressing issue. However, existing assessments primarily characterize general personality traits, providing limited insight into model behavior within intimate and emotionally sensitive contexts. Therefore, we introduce adult attachment theory into LLM evaluation and use the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) scale to characterize attachment anxiety and avoidance. To evaluate emotional companionship capabilities of LLMs in realistic interaction scenarios, we present an emotional companionship benchmark, ECBench, spanning four scenarios including emotional support, collaborative tasks, conflict resolution, and social guidance, across friendship and romantic relationships. ECBench is utilized to assess model behavior using 11 dialogue-quality metrics and three evaluation methods. We evaluate the attachment tendencies of 32 LLMs and select representative models to investigate how these tendencies manifest in contextualized multi-turn interactions and whether they can be shaped through prompting. Our study provides a theoretical lens from psychology, along with practical tools to understand and select LLMs for emotional companionship.

cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05803

Phonological Knowledge of Chinese Characters in Language Models

Xiaozhe Ji, Renfen Hu, Hai Hu

原文摘要

How much phonological knowledge do language models (LMs) possess about Chinese characters, and how is this knowledge represented and used? We introduce PinyinBench, a controlled benchmark covering homophones, phonological features (initials, finals, and tones), and polyphonic characters. We investigate 17 text-only and multimodal LMs through three complementary approaches: behavioral evaluation, layer-wise probing, and activation steering. Behaviorally, models demonstrate substantial knowledge of initials and finals, with a frontier model (DS-v4-flash) scoring 90%+ in homophone judgment, when two characters share no phonological features. However, its accuracy drops sharply to 72% when two characters differ only in lexical tone. Probing reveals that tone is highly decodable from embeddings and improves modestly across layers, whereas segmental information starts less decodable and improves substantially with depth. Activation steering shows that segmental representations can systematically influence generation, while tone exhibits much weaker effects. Furthermore, audio-bearing training improves phonological decodability, including tone, without corresponding improvements in steering effectiveness. Together, these findings reveal distinct representational and functional profiles for segmental and tonal information, with tonal information much harder to access and manipulate, demonstrating the necessity for combined evaluation, probing, and causal intervention for understanding linguistic knowledge in LMs.

cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05776

Closed-Loop Adaptive Sampling on a Generative Ocean Model

Shayesteh Hafezi, Alan Papalia

原文摘要

Adaptive sampling can substantially improve the value of sparse ocean observations by directing mobile robots toward measurements that are most informative for an evolving environment. Recent learned generative ocean models can produce high-resolution forecasts and ensembles at substantially lower computational cost than traditional numerical models, creating an opportunity to use rich predictive forecasts directly in closed-loop robotic sampling. However, these models do not natively provide the explicit uncertainty representations assumed by classical informative-planning methods, and their forecasts often evolve in learned latent spaces rather than directly in physical ocean variables. We develop a multi-robot closed-loop adaptive sampling framework that uses a single learned generative model for forecasting, uncertainty estimation, planning, and measurement assimilation. The model forecasts an ensemble in latent space, decodes it to physical ocean states, and uses ensemble statistics to construct A- or D-optimal sampling objectives. We select sampling locations subject to robot reachability under predicted currents. The collected measurements are assimilated back into the latent state using observation-conditioned diffusion sampling. Across 120 test scenarios A- and D-optimal sampling generally outperforms static, random, and systematic-coverage baselines while adding little planning overhead. Our experiments uncover several scenarios in which model uncertainty diverges from forecast error, motivating future work in uncertainty quantification.

cs.RO

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05234

ARLoop:带注意力残差的全开放预训练循环 Transformer

ARLoop: Fully-Open Pre-trained Looped Transformers with Attention Residuals

Yuekun Yao, Yupei Du, Dawei Zhu, Huan Sun

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出 ARLoop——用注意力残差在模型深度上选择性聚合各层输入的循环 Transformer,并在 140M 至 1.2B 参数的真实预训练中验证其优于既有残差设计。

cs.CL

查看原文摘要

Looped transformers increase effective depth by repeatedly applying a shared set of transformer layers, offering a parameter-efficient way to scale computation. However, standard residual connections aggregate information across recurrent depth into a single stream, providing limited control over which intermediate representations from preceding layers should be reused. In this paper, we introduce ARLoop, a looped transformer architecture based on attention residuals, where the input of each layer is selectively aggregated through attention over model depth. Distinct from standard transformers, we find that looped transformers do not require access to the full residual history: sliding-window depth attention matches or outperforms full-history attention at larger recurrent depths. Across controlled experiments with multiple parameter scales (140M and 370M) and recurrent depths (R = 1 to 5), ARLoop consistently outperforms prior residual designs for looped transformers. More importantly, we further scale ARLoop to 0.6B and 1.2B parameters under a realistic LLM pretraining recipe, demonstrating that the gains transfer to realistic pretraining, with particularly strong improvements on math and coding tasks. Our 1.2B model, pretrained on only 0.5T tokens with three recurrences, outperforms Huginn-3.5B (the only fully-open looped LLM as of our release date) across all evaluated tasks and is competitive with similar-sized non-looped models such as Qwen3.5-2B despite being trained on substantially less data.

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.01449

CONFIRM: Governing Scientific Reporting for Trustworthy Agentic Neuroimaging

Yuxiang Wei, Lijing Zhu, Qizhen Lan, Yanteng Zhang, Vince D. Calhoun

原文摘要

Large language model (LLM) agents can autonomously run neuroimaging analyses from research questions to reported findings. Existing agentic systems use tools to check that code runs and reported values match its output, but rely on LLM judgment to decide which results warrant scientific reporting. We show that LLM judges endorse site-confounded findings even when the confound is presented as evidence. We present \textbf{CONFIRM}, a framework that separates running an analysis from deciding which findings to report. CONFIRM encodes each hypothesis as a machine-readable, pre-specified analysis plan that fixes the claim and its pass criteria before computing results. It then filters results through five deterministic gates (search history and multiplicity, confounds, power, analytic stability, and replication) under three configurable reporting standards, from least to most demanding: \textit{Screen}, \textit{Replicate}, and \textit{Full}. Failed claims receive diagnoses that guide follow-up analyses. To evaluate reporting decisions at the claim level, we introduce \textbf{NeuroClaimBench}, comprising 489 executable neuroimaging claims with frozen data, including literature-supported findings and 150 controls designed to violate individual methodological requirements. On NeuroClaimBench, CONFIRM falsely supports at most 3\% of controls, compared with 23--38\% for the baselines, while recovering up to 61\% of literature-supported claims. When auditing an existing agent, CONFIRM reduces false support on controls from 23\% to 0\% while retaining the agent's literature-supported claims. Its diagnostic feedback also produces more supported revisions than Self-Refine with fewer LLM calls. Together, CONFIRM and NeuroClaimBench show that basing reporting decisions on pre-specified analysis plans and deterministic gates is essential for trustworthy autonomous scientific discovery.

cs.AI · cs.MA

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05023

HiLo-WAM: Decoupling Long-Horizon Task Evolution and Local Dynamics in World Action Models

Xingyu Wang, Yanjiang Guo, Zhijing Ding, Jiaxin Fang, Zeyu Lai, Jiayu Dong, Weikang Wan, Jianyu Chen 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

World Action Models (WAMs) improve robotic manipulation by jointly modeling visual dynamics and robot actions. However, most existing WAMs model dense short-horizon visual dynamics, capturing local interactions but providing limited long-range task context. Extending prediction horizons increases uncertainty and computation while entangling task-level evolution with fine-grained local dynamics, obscuring their dependencies and distinct roles in action generation. We propose HiLo-WAM, which decouples long-horizon task evolution from local visual dynamics while jointly modeling their interaction with robot actions. A sparse long-horizon visual stream captures historical task context and future evolution, while a dense local dynamics visual stream models short-horizon robot-object interactions. The two streams operate at different temporal scales within a unified dual-DiT architecture and guide actions through structured cross-stream attention. Progressive inference further reduces unnecessary computation through stream-wise partial denoising, joint denoising, and dynamic skipping. Experiments demonstrate strong long-horizon manipulation performance: HiLo-WAM achieves a 93.70% average success rate on RoboTwin 2.0 and a 17.43 progress score on RoboDojo long-horizon tasks, with robust in-domain and OOD performance on the Fourier GR-3 robot. Ablations confirm the complementary contributions of long-horizon task evolution and local interaction dynamics, while temporal-scale analyses highlight the importance of balancing temporal coverage and resolution. Progressive inference further achieves a 2.93x speedup while improving performance.

cs.RO

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.18805

RecoAtlas: A Benchmark and RL Environment for LLM Recommendation Agents Optimizing Set-Level Utility

Imad Aouali, Flavian Vasile, Clijo Jose, Otmane Sakhi, Alexandre Gilotte, Benjamin Heymann

原文摘要

LLM recommender agents increasingly produce structured reports: sets of items accompanied by natural-language justifications. Yet existing benchmarks often focus on reranking small candidate sets or judging reports primarily by semantic plausibility, providing limited support for evaluating and training agents based on set-level utility. We introduce Recommender Atlas (Agentic Tasks for Learning and Assessment in Shopping), or RecoAtlas, a benchmark and reinforcement learning environment grounded in user behavior. RecoAtlas provides a shopping toolkit for product retrieval, complementarity, and diversity. Given a shopping query, an agent uses these tools to generate a structured recommendation report. Behavioral reference sets support exact-recovery evaluation and the training of a learned bundle-level reward that supplies feedback for policy optimization with RL. Its controlled tool environment exposes agents to semantic and behavior-aligned tools, enabling systematic analysis of how LLM reasoning, tool signals, and tool-use policies contribute to performance. Across controlled experiments, performance scales with model capacity and test-time compute, and improves with stronger tools, while semantic plausibility does not necessarily translate into behavior-grounded utility. RecoAtlas provides a foundation for training and evaluating shopping assistants to move beyond semantic plausibility toward coherent, behaviorally grounded recommendation sets.

cs.IR · cs.AI · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04483

CogniLife: Continuous Cognitive Distillation for Deployed Multi-Expert Agent Marketplaces

Xuwei Tan, Jingchun Huang, Ming Cai, Shuangquan Lyu, Tiange Wang, Yinzhi Wang, Ronghua Shi, Jingwei Song 等 15 位作者

原文摘要

Multi-expert agent marketplaces -- where creators publish domain-specific AI experts for end users to consult -- are an emerging deployment pattern for language technology. A published expert can receive many requests yet little evidence about its creator, who remains active elsewhere: the cold-expert problem. We frame continuous cognitive distillation as converting attributed creator observations into revisable decision rules, communication patterns, and domain procedures. CogniLife proposes a cross-expert attribution design for this problem, with Creator Profiles for transferable creator patterns and Expert Journals for listing-specific knowledge; this design is not yet implemented or evaluated. A deployed platform partially realizes the surrounding lifecycle through creator-authorized authoring, capability-owned proposal filtering, and reversible consolidation of eligible owner-scoped memory. On ProfyBench-v1, an 85-task offline benchmark built from replay seeds and controlled internal tests, the Profy Full configuration as a whole achieves a mean overall score of 4.65/5 from the primary LLM judge, compared with 4.01 for Raw LLM and 4.28 for Expert Prompt, with the largest gains in completeness, specificity, and missing-information tasks. These configuration-level scores do not test cold-expert mitigation, cross-expert transfer, or longitudinal distillation.

cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.02774

DIKT: A Diagnostic and Interpretable Knowledge Tracing Framework for Prediction and Model-based Learning Analysis

Yi-Qiang Wu, Shaohui Chen, Hanlin Li, Baolin Yi

原文摘要

Knowledge tracing is a key component of intelligent educational systems. However, most existing methods mainly focus on response prediction, providing limited support for explaining predicted outcomes and improving students' learning states. This paper proposes Diagnostic and Interpretable Knowledge Tracing (DIKT), which integrates response prediction, skill-level diagnosis, and model-based learning analysis. DIKT generates bounded cognitive-state trajectories and decomposes the final response probability into skill-wise probabilities. The trajectories reveal students' evolving strengths and weaknesses, while the skill-wise probabilities identify the skills that most strongly constrain the prediction. Based on these diagnostic results, DIKT supports direct cognitive-state intervention and effective-learning-duration-based what-if analysis to examine how hypothetical adjustments affect current predictions and subsequent state evolution. DIKT combines Bayesian multi-head attention, conditional variational recurrent inference, a logistic-growth decoder, and multiplicative skill-wise prediction. Experiments on three benchmark datasets show that DIKT outperforms all evaluated baselines, with an average absolute AUC gain of 2.04 percentage points. Other experiments further demonstrate that DIKT supports educationally meaningful diagnostic analysis and provides informative diagnostic indicators for downstream applications, extending knowledge tracing from response prediction to interpretable diagnosis and model-based learning analysis.

cs.LG · cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04323

FP4Quant: Efficient 4-Bit Communication Compression for Model-Parallel LLM Training

Man Liu, Xingchen Liu, Hairui Zhao, Guangming Tan, Dingwen Tao

原文摘要

The rapid scaling of large language models (LLMs) has made communication overhead a critical bottleneck in distributed model-parallel training. Although existing low-precision compression methods can effectively reduce communication costs, further reducing the communication footprint to ultra-low-bit formats such as FP4 introduces new challenges, including limited numerical range, sub-byte storage overhead, and increased computational cost from fine-grained quantization. In this paper, we present \textbf{FP4Quant}, a micro-grouped FP4 compression framework for efficient model-parallel LLM training. FP4Quant integrates a micro-grouped dual-scale FP4 quantization mechanism to preserve local tensor distribution characteristics, a warp-cooperative FP4 packing scheme to enable efficient sub-byte data representation, and a hybrid two-level FWHT pipeline to mitigate quantization errors with GPU-aware execution optimization. Experiments on NVIDIA H100 GPUs with Qwen-7B demonstrate up to 1.56$\times$ end-to-end throughput improvement over BF16, revealing a trade-off between throughput and model quality.

cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.00833

Fewer Tokens, More Answers: Verifiable-Reward Tuning of an Ornith-Style VLM for Multi-View Driving QA

T N Rickesh, Pranav Vinodh, Sowmya Kamath S

原文摘要

Reasoning-enabled model derivatives must turn intermediate deliberation into a usable answer within a deployment budget. We study that transition in an Ornith checkpoint adapted to multi-camera driving question answering with verifiable rewards. Paired archived outputs show that, on a selected 400-question development screen with a 256-token cap, GRPO increases answer extraction from 78.25% to 90.25% and accuracy from 55.50% to 63.75%. Of 39 wrong-to-correct transitions, 33 begin with an unextractable base response. The base's 87 unextractable responses all reach the token cap. Checkpoint-verified reconstruction on those same questions gives a much smaller first-pass accuracy gain at 512 tokens: +0.75 percentage points, versus +8.25 at 256. A later answer-cued continuation is analyzed separately; it helps the base more and narrows the adapter difference. On the full 2,511-question development set, this recovery-enabled pipeline reduces mean generated tokens from 108.6 to 47.1, while the paired accuracy interval includes zero gain. We frame these findings as adaptation of answer delivery under finite budgets, with explicit selection and provenance limits. Ornith's self-scaffolding lineage and newer reasoning-enabled derivatives such as Bonsai motivate the problem, but our measured results concern Ornith alone and do not establish a shared architectural mechanism or cross-model transfer.

cs.CV · cs.CL · cs.LG

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2607.09737

Q-Score: A Quantum-Native Scoring Function for Molecular Docking

Kangyu Zheng, Yidong Zhou, Ruihao Li, Zixin Ding, Zhiding Liang, Shaohua Li

原文摘要

Molecular docking predicts how a small molecule binds to a protein and is a key bottleneck in drug discovery. Classical scoring functions sum empirical pairwise contacts, blind to quantum-mechanical effects like orbital charge transfer that govern binding specificity. We introduce Q-Score, encoding GNN-predicted orbital donor-acceptor energies into a weighted graph and scoring binding by solving a maximum-weight vertex clique problem via Digitized-Counterdiabatic QAOA. Each interaction anchor maps to one qubit and compatibility constraints become edges. Across 11 protein targets, DC-QAOA recovers the exact optimum on 8 at 10 qubits. On 1000 AI-generated molecules, Q-Score is orthogonal to classical scoring with Spearman rho of 0.05, driven by orbital quality with rho of 0.90, and free of molecular-weight bias, enriching for strong orbital interactions at twice the random rate. DC-QAOA achieves a mean approximation ratio of 0.94 with 52 percent exact. Execution of 1000 circuits on IBM Eagle confirms 6-qubit solvability on NISQ hardware.

physics.chem-ph · cs.LG

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2602.21553

Revisiting RAG Retrievers: An Information Theoretic Benchmark

Wenqing Zheng, Dmitri Kalaev, Noah Fatsi, Daniel Barcklow, Owen Reinert, Igor Melnyk, Senthil Kumar, C. Bayan Bruss

原文摘要

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems rely critically on the retriever module to surface relevant context for large language models. Although numerous retrievers have recently been proposed, each built on different ranking principles such as lexical matching, dense embeddings, or graph citations, there remains a lack of systematic understanding of how these mechanisms differ and overlap. Existing benchmarks primarily compare entire RAG pipelines or rely on aggregate ranking metrics (Recall, MRR, nDCG) that assume item-level independence, providing little guidance on redundancy or complementarity between retrievers. This work presents MIGRASCOPE, a Mutual Information based RAG Retriever Analysis Scope. We introduce principled metrics grounded in information theory to quantify retrieval quality, redundancy/synergy, and marginal contribution. Although the framework is designed to be applicable to any setting where a ground-truth answer can construct a pseudo chunk distribution, the present empirical study focuses on multi-hop question answering - a demanding setting where retriever complementarity is especially pronounced. On four corpora and thirteen SOTA retrievers spanning lexical, dense, and graph-based families, we show that (i) the MI-based divergence metric captures retriever quality dimensions not reflected by Recall or MRR, (ii) graph-based retrievers are redundant with each other while BM25 remains informationally complementary, and (iii) in the multi-hop QA setting, a carefully chosen ensemble guided by MI-based attribution can outperform any single retriever. We position these findings as task-specific insights and provide a reusable framework for retriever analysis that practitioners can re-estimate on their own target domains.

cs.IR · cs.AI · cs.LG

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.22695

A Survey on the Linear Representation Hypothesis

Sewoong Lee, Marc E. Canby, Ikhyun Cho, Julia Hockenmaier

原文摘要

The term "linear representation hypothesis" (LRH) has appeared across diverse subfields of artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and cognitive science. But previous works have not consistently treated the LRH as a falsifiable scientific hypothesis; we analyze these inconsistencies and examine their implications for how prior theoretical and methodological results should be interpreted. Based on this analysis, we argue that claims regarding linear representations become well-defined only through careful examination of the model, representation location, feature definition, and evaluation dataset. We therefore propose a more rigorous formalization of the LRH that makes these dependencies explicit and allows the hypothesis to be evaluated as a falsifiable scientific claim. Finally, we identify some non-trivial open problems that warrant further attention from the research community.

cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.03203

MedCUA-Bench: A Screenshot-Only Benchmark for Clinical Computer-Use Agents

Jia Yu, Zilong Wang, Xinyang Jiang, Dongsheng Li, Shuo Wang

原文摘要

Computer-use agents could automate repetitive screen-based clinical work, but their reliability in medical graphical user interfaces remains largely unvalidated. Existing benchmarks focus on general web or desktop tasks and underrepresent medical software, which requires domain knowledge, exhibits markedly different UI design from mainstream applications, lacks public testing environments, and demands safety validation beyond task completion. We introduce MedCUA-Bench, an interactive benchmark for clinical computer-use agents. It covers 18 clinical scenarios across 10 medical domains, reconstructed from real product manuals and open-source medical systems to capture authentic clinical interfaces while avoiding licensing and privacy constraints. Each task ships with paired intent- and step-level goals to disentangle clinical reasoning from UI execution, and is evaluated by a deterministic checker over task completion and five clinical safety dimensions. Across 23 agents, the best closed-source model reaches 54.2% strict success, while all models remain below 9% on the real OpenEMR. Open-source agents average only 2.5%, with the best reaching 16.2%. MedCUA-Bench exposes the gap between current agents and reliable clinical software use, providing a reproducible testbed for future research.

cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.01321

BiCAA: Bidirectional Credit Assignment for Search-Augmented Agent

Yibin Huang, Bin Xu, Hailong Cao, Conghui Zhu

原文摘要

By iteratively retrieving and integrating external evidence, multi-step search enables search-augmented agents to tackle complex question answering. However, vanilla GRPO assigns rewards based solely on final answers, providing limited guidance for intermediate search steps. To provide fine-grained process feedback, we evaluate the value of each search step: it should acquire evidence that advances problem solving while avoiding redundant retrieval. Building on these complementary criteria, we introduce BiCAA, which combines Forward Solvability Gain (FSG) and Subsequent Reasoning Gain (SRG) for bidirectional credit assignment. To reward progress in evidence acquisition, FSG quantifies changes in ground-truth answer likelihood after each interaction. SRG compares the subsequent action's likelihood with and without the current interaction to approximately measure its support for subsequent reasoning, using this support as a proxy signal for non-redundant search to encourage effective and efficient search. BiCAA calibrates local feedback through asymmetric fusion; for policy optimization, it integrates accumulated process rewards with terminal outcome supervision. Across seven open-domain QA benchmarks and two Qwen backbones, experiments show improvements in average F1, particularly on multi-hop tasks.

cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03008

E-GenRM: Generative Reward Modeling for Open-Ended E-Commerce Shopping Agents

Ying Sun, Qiuyu Zhao, Xiao Wang, Xiyu Zhao, Gege Shi, Zenghui Sun, Jinsong Lan, Haihong Tang 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

We present E-GenRM (E-commerce Generative Reward Model), a generative reward model tailored to e-commerce shopping agents. User expectations are shifting from simple product queries to open-ended shopping tasks. However, existing trajectories and reward designs remain largely bounded by current agent usage patterns and known failures, providing limited guidance for further capability improvement. These limitations call for an integrated reward modeling framework for open-ended shopping agent tasks. On the data side, E-GenRM leverages naturally occurring user behavior across the shopping app to construct diverse, long-horizon conversational trajectories beyond established usage patterns. On the modeling side, E-GenRM first learns from behavior-grounded evaluation chains through supervised fine-tuning. It is then optimized through criterion-guided reinforcement learning, which rewards correct preference judgments and evidence-supported factual claims under each criterion. Personalized hard-negative training further improves its sensitivity to user preferences reflected in shopping behavior, beyond explicit requirements. We additionally develop an active evidence retrieval extension that acquires missing e-commerce information for evaluation. On E-GenRM-Bench, E-GenRM-27B achieves 87.40\% preference accuracy, outperforming the strongest baseline by 6.97 percentage points. In a 14-day online A/B test on Taobao, a shopping agent post-trained with E-GenRM improves the effective shopping-assistance rate by 1.39 percentage points and user satisfaction by 2.33 percentage points.

cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.02776

LipLingo: CNN Model for Lip Reading

Mahmoud S. Mayaleh, Liban Ali Achkir, Nijat Mehdiyev, Ahmet Ozdil

原文摘要

Lip reading plays a crucial role in applications such as speech recognition, assistive technologies for the hearing-impaired, and biometric authentication. However, performance often degrades when the speaker varies and when certain speech sounds are visually similar. To address these challenges, we propose LipLingo, a robust lip-reading system based on the LipNet architecture, enhanced with a standardized preprocessing pipeline for consistent mouth-region representation, a rotational validation strategy for improved generalization to unseen speakers, and a flexible similarity evaluation for more reliable sentence-level assessment. The model architecture combines 3D convolutional layers for spatio-temporal feature extraction and bidirectional recurrent layers for sequence modeling, optimized using the Adam optimizer and Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss. On the GRID dataset, LipLingo achieved 95.0\% character-level accuracy (CER 4.99\%) and 87.2\% sentence-level accuracy. At the corpus level, the system obtained a (WER 13.1\%), outperforming the baseline LipNet and demonstrating competitive performance relative to recent 3D-ResNet + Bi-GRU + MixUp approaches. These results provide insights into strategies that enhance lip-reading robustness and highlight directions for future work toward real-world deployment.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.CV

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2506.12230

Statistical Machine Learning for Astronomy -- A Textbook

Yuan-Sen Ting

原文摘要

This textbook gives a systematic treatment of statistical machine learning for astronomical research, based on Bayesian inference. It shows how modern data analysis techniques connect to classical statistical methods and follow from familiar statistical principles. The Bayesian perspective, used throughout, gives priority to uncertainty quantification and statistical rigor, which scientific inference in astronomy needs. The textbook progresses from probability theory and Bayesian inference through supervised learning, including linear regression with measurement uncertainties, logistic regression and classification. Unsupervised learning topics cover Principal Component Analysis and clustering methods. We then introduce sampling and Markov Chain Monte Carlo, followed by Gaussian Processes as probabilistic nonparametric methods and neural networks in the broader statistical context. Our theory-focused approach derives each method from first principles with complete mathematical development and then shows its astronomical applications. We put statistical insight first and explain why algorithms work, when they are appropriate, and how they connect to broader statistical principles. From a solid grounding in classical methods and their theory, the treatment leads to modern techniques such as neural networks. With this grounding, readers can apply the methods to astronomical research with proper attention to assumptions, limits and uncertainty propagation, as large astronomical surveys require. The 22 companion tutorials apply the methods to astronomical data in Jupyter notebooks.

astro-ph.IM · cs.LG · stat.AP · stat.ML

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.02275

Data-Scarce, Multi-Granular, Multimodal: Benchmark Design for Biosynthetic Gene Clusters

Hanlin Xiao, Eriko Takano, Mauricio A. Álvarez, Rainer Breitling

原文摘要

Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are co-located genes that encode the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites, an important source of antibiotics, anticancer agents, immunosuppressants, and agricultural bioactives. Deep learning, particularly self-supervised foundation models, has spurred interest in BGC sequence modeling, but evaluation has lagged behind: existing benchmarks often rely on coarse classification over small curated datasets, providing limited discrimination among models and insight into downstream utility. We propose a benchmark-design framework in which an informative benchmark should be discriminative, separating models with statistical confidence, and applicable, spanning scientifically meaningful tasks under different levels of generalization. We instantiate this framework as BGC-Bench, which derives five tasks from MIBiG, ranging from A-domain substrate prediction to BGC-molecule retrieval, evaluates them under genotype- and phenotype-shift splits, includes an active-learning setting for label-scarce discovery, and is easily extensible to new tasks and encoders. BGCs further provide a shared testbed across granularities and modalities: BGC-Bench compares twelve encoders on nucleotide, amino-acid, or Pfam-domain sequences, including compositional baselines for each input type, and combines BGC and chemical encoders for cross-modal retrieval. No single representation dominates: the best granularity depends on the biological scale of the task, and pretrained encoders do not consistently outperform other representations across tasks and splits. Active-learning experiments show that most tasks remain data-limited, encoder rankings change with labeling budget, and acquisition strategies yield modest gains. These results show that BGC model evaluation requires task-diverse, shift-aware benchmarks, and the framework can be generalized to benchmark design beyond BGCs.

cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.02152

Detailed Derivation of The Backpropagation Algorithm

Faris Alasmary

原文摘要

Backpropagation is the standard method for computing the gradients that train neural networks, but it is usually presented in a compact vector form that skips the intermediate steps. This tutorial derives backpropagation step by step for a fully connected feedforward network with sigmoid activations and a squared-error loss. Using a running example with three layers, we first differentiate the error with respect to a single weight by following its path through the network with the chain rule. We then show how summing over all paths leads to the error terms $δ$ and to the four general backpropagation equations in matrix form. Every term is annotated with its dimensions, so each equation can be checked for consistency. The derivation is then extended to $m$ training examples, where the weight gradients become a single matrix product and the bias term corresponds to broadcasting. It is also extended to mini-batch gradient descent, including why the gradient of a mini-batch estimates the full gradient. Batch and mini-batch training are both given as algorithms. Finally, each equation is linked to the corresponding line of a NumPy implementation trained on the AHDBase dataset of handwritten Arabic digits, and the complete code is included.

cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01932

Geometric Morphology Learning: Empowering Foundation Models from Structure to Spacetime Intelligence

Li Sun, Philip S. Yu

原文摘要

Geometry is the very form that connects space, time, and matter, serving as the fundamental fabric of the physical world, from continuous fields to discrete structures. Despite its importance, deep learning is inherently blind to geometry. Riemannian geometry stands as a well-established mathematical foundation for studying geometry, yet it remains largely incompatible with deep learning architectures. To bridge this gap, we establish a new learning framework--Geometric Morphology Learning--that learns geometric or topological structures, shapes or conformations for representation learning, reasoning and action modeling. Moving beyond early attempts limited to specific geometric priors, this theory centers on modeling the intrinsic geometry of objects and learning from such geometric or topological knowledge. Specifically, we construct a neural bundle, a unified scaffolding linking local and global structures, and formulate differentiable operators, including connection and curvature, thereby enabling the study of geometry with advanced geometric concepts such as holonomy and cohomology. Consequently, Geometric Morphology Learning opens new horizons in foundation models, reasoning and planning, graph modeling, physical simulation, PDE systems, and dynamics, marking a fundamental shift toward instilling systematic geometry in artificial intelligence.

cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01300

Accelerating posterior sampling in Bayesian inverse problems with diffusion models: an online-offline perspective

Duc-Lam Duong

原文摘要

Bayesian inverse problems require both informative prior models and computationally feasible posterior inference. Score-based diffusion models provide expressive learned priors, but their use for inversion introduces a conditioning problem: the score of a noised posterior is generally unavailable from a prior score alone. This selective survey reviews the principal approaches to that problem, including likelihood guidance, spectral and projection methods, sequential Monte Carlo corrections, and amortized conditional training. We organize methods by how they split cost between offline preparation and online inference, and compare their assumptions, advantages and limitations, with emphasis on computational speedups. Some ongoing directions and open questions are gathered at the end.

cs.LG · math.NA · math.ST · stat.ML

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.40490

超高速率量子LDPC码的快速准确神经分诊解码

Fast and accurate neural triage decoding of ultra-high-rate quantum LDPC codes

Hong-Ye Hu, Zhenlai Wang, Binzhao Luo, Tao Xiang, Chen Zhao

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出神经分诊解码框架,用综合征一致性自适应分配神经计算,在高码率qLDPC码上兼顾近最优精度与大幅降低的解码延迟。

quant-ph · cs.AI · cs.IT · cs.LG

查看原文摘要

Quantum error correction is essential for fault-tolerant quantum computing. High-rate quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes have emerged as a promising approach to reducing the substantial physical qubit overhead of quantum error correction, enabling encoding rates exceeding $1/2$ in blocks of approximately one thousand physical data qubits. However, their practical implementation requires decoders that combine high accuracy with low latency to keep pace with quantum hardware. Existing decoders of high-rate qLDPC codes can achieve high accuracy but often incur substantial computational latency, whereas neural network decoders have yet to be demonstrated for high-rate qLDPC codes. Here, we introduce \emph{neural triage decoding}, a framework that uses syndrome consistency to adaptively allocate neural computation. A local neural message-passing network rapidly predicts error corrections, additional iterations reduce residual syndrome violations, and a rarely invoked diversification stage searches for consistent corrections to the remaining shots. We demonstrate that the \texttt{Triage} decoder can decode ultra-high-rate qLDPC codes encoding a few hundred logical qubits, including lifted-product and Kasai codes, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy comparable to the near optimal algorithmic decoders while reducing decoding latency by approximately one to two orders of magnitude. Our framework is inspired by a rigorous analysis of the exact bitwise marginal decoder, revealing a distance-independent syndrome-inconsistent error floor. In addition, we show the robustness of neural network decoders to mismatched error priors. Our results establish adaptive neural decoding as a promising route towards fast, accurate, and scalable quantum error correction in the near term.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.39531

Conic-Lifting for Learning-rate-free Convex Optimization

Julien Grand-Clément, Joon Kwon, Francesco Orabona

原文摘要

A central topic in online and stochastic optimization is to design algorithms that do not require tuning of hyperparameters. Successful strategies in online learning include AdaGrad-style learning rates, Conic Blackwell algorithms, and parameter-free algorithms. However, these classes require different, often difficult, analyses. We develop a unifying family of Online Convex Optimization (OCO) algorithms that require no user-tuned learning rate on convex domains that may be unbounded. The construction lifts the domain to a cone by adding one scalar coordinate, an idea going back to Blackwell (1954). The lifted subgradients are orthogonal to the corresponding lifted decisions, leaving the comparator scale free to optimize in the regret analysis. Applying Follow-the-Regularized-Leader (FTRL) and Online Mirror Descent (OMD) on the cone recovers Conic Blackwell Algorithm (CBA) and Conic Blackwell Algorithm Plus (CBA$^+$) on bounded domains in Hilbert spaces and extends them to finite-dimensional normed spaces with a strongly convex squared norm. For arbitrary nonempty closed convex domains in these spaces, a known gradient bound yields parameter-free regret guarantees. Surprisingly, on an unconstrained Hilbert space, the construction recovers the Krichevsky--Trofimov (KT) coin-betting algorithm exactly. We also give a parameter-free algorithm for unconstrained domains that requires no gradient bound.

math.OC · cs.LG · stat.ML

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.38985

Benchmarking Graph Neural Networks for AC Power Flow: The Role of Inductive Biases and Physical Constraints

Federico Clerici, Ferran Bohigas-Daranas, Hamid Latif-Martínez, Eduardo Prieto-Araujo, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, Pere Barlet-Ros

原文摘要

Fast and accurate models for AC power flow (ACPF) are increasingly important as modern electrical grids require more frequent system analyses. Graph neural networks (GNNs) naturally exploit electrical grid topology, yet the effects of architectural design choices on predictive performance remain poorly understood given differences in graph representations and evaluation settings across studies. We present a unified benchmark of representative GNN architectures for ACPF prediction under a common experimental framework. All models use identical preprocessing and training procedures and comparable parameter budgets, isolating the impact of message-passing mechanisms and inductive biases. We also analyze errors by distance from the slack bus and systematically ablate key design components. We evaluate predictive accuracy and physical consistency on the IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems. Results indicate that anisotropic message-passing architectures offer the most favorable trade-off between predictive accuracy and physical consistency under the studied parameter and topology constraints. Explicit edge features encoding line impedances and global context aggregation are particularly important for representing electrical interactions and system-wide dependencies, especially for voltage-angle predictions on the topologically bottlenecked IEEE-118 grid. Under a budget with approximately fixed parameters, two or three message-passing layers generally provide the best balance between depth and representation width, while additional depth offers no consistent improvement. Ablations also show that standard residual and root connections are not necessarily beneficial in shallow models, and that aggregation operators involve trade-offs between statistical accuracy and physical consistency. These results provide practical guidelines for designing graph-based power system models.

cs.LG · cs.AI