Beyond Checklist Compliance: A Tale of the Accessibility-Usability Dilemma across Government and Non-Government Web Systems in Bangladesh
Sanjida Islam Era, Tanjeem Azwad Zaman, Ishika Tarin Ime, Ashequl Islam Tofa, Farzin Awsaf Zaman, A. B. M. Alim al Islam
Examining whether technical accessibility measures align with users' usability experiences across web systems in Bangladesh is of utmost significance, given the country's rapidly expanding digital ecosystem. We, therefore, evaluated 207 web systems using WAVE, AChecks, and Squidler and surveyed 103 young adult users. Automated evaluation revealed mixed patterns across government and non-government sectors, with neither consistently performing better across accessibility, functionality, web practices, and performance. In contrast, participants clearly favored non-government platforms for navigation, usability, clarity, and cross-device experience. Qualitative analysis identified three barriers to practical access: system instability disrupting task completion, interaction and navigational friction, and socio-technical barriers involving information access, service continuity, and trust. These findings show that automated accessibility measures capture only part of users' experiences. Accessible web services therefore require attention beyond detectable accessibility problems to reliable task progression, understandable interaction, information access, and continuity across the broader service process.
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