Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer (VGGT) recovers dense 3D scene structure from multi-view images in one forward pass, but quadratic cross-frame attention limits its scalability. Existing training-free accelerators exploit token, frame, or attention redundancy; we investigate how layer-wise functional roles can guide compression. Our spectral, probing, and causal analyses reveal three regimes: shallow layers lack cross-view structure, middle layers drive cross-view alignment, and deep layers are redundant for dense geometry yet their cross-frame attention remains essential for pose. RegimeVGGT applies layer-wise U-shaped compression along two axes: Saliency-Guided Banded Merging protects geometry- and edge-salient tokens, while Selectively Protected K/V Downsampling preserves cross-frame spatial coverage and the pose-critical path through a phase-shifted spatial grid, a reference-frame anchor, and uncompressed camera/register tokens. Without any training, RegimeVGGT achieves a 6.7x speedup over the memory-optimized VGGT* at matched reconstruction quality. Project page: https://tracyou07.github.io/regimevggt/
Recursive self-improvement (RSI) in scientific research aims to improve agents' research capabilities through their own experimental experience. Scientific agent swarms can combine evidence and implementations from different research directions to guide their agents' subsequent experiments. However, poor experimental results can leave unclear whether to revise a hypothesis or its implementation, while overall program scores can hide components useful to other agents. To address these challenges, we introduce SwarmRSI, a framework that evolves scientific agent swarms for recursive self-improvement. We devise Feedback-Guided Swarm Mutation to refine hypotheses and their implementations using experimental feedback from other agents. We also propose Complementary Swarm Recombination to reuse retained hypotheses and complementary program components across agents, allowing partial results to support new research. Recursive Swarm Evolution integrates both mechanisms into a feedback loop, using new experimental evidence to guide subsequent research. Experiments on OpenProblems, NatureBench and MLE-Bench Lite demonstrate SwarmRSI's state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance. Further evaluations show that accumulated research experience improves performance on held-out tasks. Biologists also reproduce its programs for follow-up biological analyses.
Yongxiang Hu, Xuan Wang, Qingyang Qiu, Yingjie Liu, Chun Kang, Ruiying Zeng, Xin Wang, Yangfan Zhou
Screen readers for blind and low-vision (BLV) users flatten mobile UIs into a linear sequence. Modern mobile UIs, however, contain dozens of elements grouped by spatial layout. Such linear access is ill-suited for BLV users, who must infer each element's meaning and which elements form a functional unit. Drawing on a quantitative TalkBack audit and formative interviews, we present Spatial Screen Reader (SeeR), which builds a function-aware hierarchy from accessibility metadata and provides unit summaries with hierarchical navigation. Compared with TalkBack, SeeR reduces non-informative focus stops by 82.1% and navigation steps by 52.7%. With ten BLV participants, summaries helped them connect controls to their functions and skip nonessential elements, especially on unfamiliar pages, though extra navigation levels added effort when the target was already known. These findings recast spatial organization as accessibility information: apps and platforms should expose it, rather than leaving screen readers to infer it post hoc.
Large language models are typically adapted to a task either by placing knowledge in the input context, which keeps it external and re-encodes it on every call, or by fine-tuning, which internalizes it but demands a costly round of optimization per task. We aim to internalize the knowledge carried by a context directly into model parameters, without per-task optimization and without keeping the context in the input at inference time. To this end, we propose CLIK, a context-conditioned parameter generator that maps a given context to LoRA parameters for internalizing knowledge in a single forward pass through a Transformer encoder with cross-attention, requiring no test-time gradient updates. Once the generated LoRA is inserted into a frozen base model, the model answers downstream queries from the query alone, having internalized the context into its weights rather than re-reading it. Because the adapter depends only on the context, it is generated once and reused for every query on the same document, so the cost of reading that document is amortized across queries. On document question answering, CLIK substantially improves over the no-context base model and outperforms existing hypernetwork-based generators, while remaining behind a base model that reads the context directly, and it carries over to multi-turn dialogue without any multi-turn-specific training. Analysis further shows that the context-dependent part of the generated adapter concentrates in a compact and specific substructure.
We present Youtu-Parsing-Omni, an omni-modal parser that converts documents, images, audio, and video into structured records grounded in space and time, providing a perception layer for agents that read, locate, and cite evidence across modalities. Its design rests on one encoder for every modality and one schema for every task. Youtu-Omni-Encoder, initialized from a pre-trained language model to strengthen text reading, encodes all modalities with shared weights in a unified space-time coordinate system, and a few fusion layers let video frames attend to concurrent audio, bringing cross-modal fusion and temporal alignment into perception itself. OmniSchema unifies the outputs of all ten parsing tasks, allowing a single self-evolving post-training procedure, OmniSchema-Aware On-Policy Distillation (OSAD), to provide a shared token-role-based objective across tasks. In each round, the model is trained on its own rollouts against token-level targets from a reference-conditioned copy of itself, which is then refreshed with the trained weights, so that the parser and its supervision co-evolve. With a single 5 B-parameter checkpoint, Youtu-Parsing-Omni achieves state-of-the-art performance on OmniDocBench v1.6 (96.96 Overall) and leads all open-weight models on OmniParsingBench (75.08 Avg.), with its advantage concentrated on audio and video. It also achieves the best overall chart-parsing score (95.02) and the highest exact chemical-fingerprint agreement among compared systems, and matches a dedicated optical-music model in character-level transcription of typeset sheet music while staying far ahead of general-purpose systems. Code and model weights are publicly available.
Hazel H. Kim, Jakub Binkowski, Ekaterina Fadeeva, Juan David Guerra, Yijie Hao, Zheng Yi Ho, Baixiang Huang, Buyun Liang 等 25 位作者
Hallucination remains one of the most critical challenges in deploying large language models (LLMs) reliably and safely. Yet the term is used inconsistently across the research community. We argue for a strict definition of hallucinations in LLMs. First, hallucinations should be confident incorrectness, kept separate from expressed uncertainty (UNK)1. UNK reveals that the model may be wrong, whereas a hallucination does not reveal it and is therefore more dangerous in practice. Conflating the two obscures their distinct behaviors and makes them hard to study. Second, hallucinations should be split by a simple re-elicitation test: does any semantically equivalent prompt recover the correct response? This test probes whether the relevant knowledge2 is accessible. If none does, the knowledge is likely absent or inaccessible, and the error type is a confabulation (CF) that likely requires external knowledge or retraining; if some does, the knowledge is accessible from the model but applied inconsistently, and the error type is a semantic illusion (SI) that simple prompt or decoding changes can mitigate3. Re-evaluating 14 recent hallucination methods under this taxonomy yields three findings. (1) Detection methods flag UNK more often than hallucinated responses (i.e., SI and CF). (2) Mitigation methods are far more effective for SI than for CF. (3) Latent signals are more informative than output-level signals for CF. An audit of recent hallucination papers shows that most conflate these categories. We recommend reporting CF, SI, and UNK separately, and introduce a practical labeling protocol that needs only a modest number of semantically equivalent prompts.
Interactive world models hold immense potential for high-stakes applications in robotics, game engines, and immersive digital twins, yet existing benchmarks primarily focus on perceptual similarity rather than the physical-causal coherence essential for real-world utility. We introduce WMEval, a comprehensive benchmark that evaluates interactive world models against Unity-based physical simulations. By leveraging Unity as a high-fidelity ground-truth oracle, we shift evaluation beyond perceptual visual assessment toward the objective state-based verification required for downstream applications. Spanning 9 diverse scenes, WMEval assesses action controllability, scene and character consistency, prompt adherence, kinematics, fluid mechanics, physical causality, and lighting. By executing matched action sequences in both the simulator and the world model, WMEval enables evaluation at both the perceptual level and the physical-causal level, using simulator-derived states as reference. Experiments on state-of-the-art models reveal significant room for improvement in dimensions that remain hidden by standard perceptual metrics but are vital for real-world deployments. Our code is available at: https://github.com/hao-ai-lab/WMEval.
Shuwei Wang, Qiang Guan, Brian Qiu, Haoxiang Huang, Haoxi Wang, Chenyu Li, Bo Xu, Sen Cui
Exploration in physical control environments requires agents to identify actions whose consequences reveal previously unexplored aspects of the underlying dynamics. However, many intrinsic motivation methods rely on immediate prediction errors, state novelty, or local physical changes, which may overlook informative outcomes that emerge across extended temporal horizons. We investigate whether learning structured representations of reachable futures can provide a more effective basis for exploration. To this end, we introduce Hamiltonian Temporal Contrastive Curiosity (HTC$^2$), a framework that combines multi-horizon temporal representation learning with Hamiltonian phase-space structure. A horizon-conditioned contrastive critic learns temporal relationships from future-state pairs sampled within the same episode. The distance between positive-pair representations is then used as an intrinsic reward, encouraging the agent to explore futures that remain insufficiently organized in the learned representation. To incorporate information about physical dynamics, we additionally modulate this reward using bounded multi-step Hamiltonian variation, rather than directly rewarding changes in the Hamiltonian itself. We integrate HTC$^2$ with both Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), and evaluate it across six DeepMind Control Suite tasks. Comparisons with ICM, RIDE, E3B, Plan2Explore, and a single-step Hamiltonian curiosity baseline are complemented by state-coverage evaluations, component ablations, and phase-space diagnostics to characterize the contributions of temporal learning and physical structure to exploratory behavior.
Yongxiang Hu, Ruiyang Liu, Qining He, Xuan Wang, Yangfan Zhou
Despite rapid progress in command-line interface (CLI) tasks, recent LLM-based agents still struggle with reliable task execution through graphical user interfaces (GUIs). A key challenge is the limited content visible within a bounded viewport, especially on mobile devices, where many task-relevant targets remain hidden and can only be revealed through swipe interactions. Therefore, although most GUI agents support swipe as an action primitive, the lack of target visibility makes it difficult for them to decide when, where, and how to swipe to reveal the hidden content. Our quantitative study further shows that GUI agents incorrectly choose a click action in 47.8% of cases that require swipe exploration. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes equipping GUI agents with scrollable-region perception to support hidden-area exploration before action selection. To this end, we trained the first multimodal model for scrollable-region perception on a manually collected dataset of 667 UI screens, called Hagasu. By correctly identifying 78.5% of scrollable regions, experiments across nine GUI agents show that integrating Hagasu improves the mean end-to-end completion rate from 64.8% to 82.7% on explore-dependent tasks. To facilitate follow-up research, we release the swipe dataset and the source code of Hagasu.
Tianle Xia, Ming Xu, Lingxiang Hu, Yiding Sun, Wenwei Li, Linfang Shang, Liqun Liu, Peng Shu 等 10 位作者
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge, yet traditional single-round retrieval struggles with complex multi-step reasoning.Agentic RAG addresses this by enabling LLMs to dynamically decide when and what to retrieve, but current RL-based training methods suffer from sparse outcome rewards that discard intermediate signals and low sample efficiency where failed samples contribute nothing.We propose Search-P1, a framework that introduces path-centric reward shaping for agentic RAG training, comprising two key components: (1) Path-Centric Reward, which evaluates the structural quality of reasoning trajectories through order-agnostic step coverage and soft scoring that extracts learning signals even from failed samples, and (2) Dual-Track Path Scoring with offline-generated reference planners that assesses paths from both self-consistency and reference-alignment perspectives.Experiments on multiple QA benchmarks demonstrate that Search-P1 achieves significant improvements over Search-R1 and other strong baselines, with an average accuracy gain of 7.7 points.
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cs.CL · cs.AI
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 6: Industry Track) · 2026 · 正式发表
Wenwei Li, Ming Xu, Tianle Xia, Lingxiang Hu, Yiding Sun, Linfang Shang, Liqun Liu, Peng Shu 等 10 位作者
Industrial advertising question answering (QA) is a high-stakes task in which hallucinated content, particularly fabricated URLs, can lead to financial loss, compliance violations, and legal risk. Although Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely adopted, deploying it in production remains challenging because industrial knowledge is inherently relational, frequently updated, and insufficiently aligned with generation objectives. We propose a reinforced co-adaptation framework that jointly optimizes retrieval and generation through two components: (1) Graph-aware Retrieval (GraphRAG), which models entity-relation structure over a high-citation knowledge subgraph for multi-hop, domain-specific evidence selection; and (2) evidence-constrained reinforcement learning via Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) with multi-dimensional rewards covering faithfulness, style compliance, safety, and URL validity. Experiments on an internal advertising QA dataset show consistent gains across expert-judged dimensions including accuracy, completeness, and safety, while reducing the hallucination rate by 72%. A two-week online A/B test demonstrates a 28.6% increase in like rate, a 46.2% decrease in dislike rate, and a 92.7% reduction in URL hallucination. The system has been running in production for over half a year and has served millions of QA interactions.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 6: Industry Track) · 2026 · 正式发表
Hongxin Ding, Baixiang Huang, Yue Fang Peking University, Weibin Liao, Xinke Jiang, Jinyang Zhang, Yinghao Zhu The University of Hong Kong, Zheng Li 等 11 位作者
Interactive medical questioning is essential in clinical consultations, where physicians must actively gather necessary patient information. Yet existing medical Large Language Models (LLMs) predominantly follow a reactive paradigm, risking diagnostic errors by answering before seeking sufficient details. To bridge this gap, we propose ProMed, a reinforcement learning framework that transitions LLMs toward a proactive paradigm, enabling them to ask clinically valuable questions before decision-making. Central to ProMed is the Shapley Information Gain (SIG) reward, which quantifies a question’s clinical utility as the amount of newly acquired information, while considering its contextual importance via Shapley values. We integrate SIG into a two-stage training pipeline: (1) SIG-Guided Model Initialization uses Monte Carlo Tree Search to construct high-reward interaction trajectories for supervision, and (2) SIG-Augmented Policy Optimization, with a novel SIG-guided Reward Distribution Mechanism that prioritizes informative questions for fine-grained optimization. Experiments on partial-information medical benchmarks show that ProMed significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods by 6.29% on average and delivers a 54.45% gain over the reactive paradigm, and generalizes robustly to out-of-domain cases. Our codes are available at https://github.com/hxxding/ProMed.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Speculative decoding has emerged as a promising paradigm for accelerating large language model inference by leveraging a lightweight draft model to generate multiple candidate tokens. However, existing methods often incur substantial training overhead to mitigate information misalignment between autoregressive draft model training and decoding. To address this challenge, we propose EDSD, an Entropy-Driven Speculative Decoding framework that uses entropy as a unified, interpretable signal for both draft model training and architectural design. EDSD drives the draft model to progressively align with the target model in an easy-to-hard manner while establishing token-level alignment as a dominant design principle. Extensive experiments on seven LLMs demonstrate that EDSD improves training efficiency by 24.8%, increases the average acceptance length by 4.0%, and achieves a 4.1% speedup compared to state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, EDSD improves robustness to system prompt variations by more than 5x. Our findings establish entropy-driven alignment as an effective and principled foundation for efficient speculative decoding.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Xiang Hu, Zhanchao Zhou, Ruiqi Liang, Zehuan Li, Wei Wu Ant Research, Jianguo Li
This work explores efficient ultra-long context modeling. We posit that an effective solution requires three fundamental properties: sparsity, random-access flexibility, and length generalization. To achieve this, we leverage Hierarchical Sparse Attention (HSA), a novel attention mechanism that satisfies all three properties. We integrate HSA into the Transformer architecture to develop HSA-UltraLong, an 8B-parameter Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model trained on over 8 trillion tokens. We rigorously evaluate the model across tasks with both in-domain and out-of-domain context lengths to validate its capabilities. Our model demonstrates comparable performance to full-attention baselines on in-domain sequence lengths. Crucially, it achieves over 90% accuracy on most in-context retrieval tasks with contexts up to 512 times the pre-training context length. This work reports our findings and remaining issues throughout the experiments, offering insights for future research in ultra-long context modeling.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Feiteng Fang, Dingwei Chen SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY, Xiang Huang, Ting-En Lin, Yuchuan Wu Alibaba Group, Xiong Liu Alibaba Group, Jing Ye Institute of automation, Chinese academy of science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ziqiang Liu 等 13 位作者
Currently, most reinforcement learning tasks focus on domains like mathematics and programming, where verification is relatively straightforward. However, in subjective tasks such as role-playing, alignment techniques struggle to make progress, primarily because subjective reward modeling using the Bradley-Terry model faces significant challenges when dealing with ambiguous preferences. To improve reward modeling in subjective tasks, this paper proposes AAM (Act-Adaptive Margin), which enhances reward modeling by dynamically calibrating preference margins using the model’s internal parameter knowledge. We design two versions of AAM that efficiently generate contextually-appropriate preference gaps without additional human annotation. This approach fundamentally improves how reward models handle subjective rewards by better integrating generative understanding with preference scoring. To validate AAM’s effectiveness in subjective reward modeling, we conduct evaluations on RewardBench, JudgeBench, and challenging role-playing tasks. Results show that AAM significantly improves subjective reward modeling performance, enhancing Bradley-Terry reward models by 2.95% in general tasks and 4.85% in subjective role-playing tasks. Furthermore, reward models trained with AAM can help downstream alignment tasks achieve better results. Our test results show that applying rewards generated by AAM-Augmented RM to preference learning techniques (e.g., GRPO) achieves state-of-the-art results on CharacterEval and Charm. The code and dataset will be released upon acceptance.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
The efficiency of long-video inference remains a critical bottleneck, mainly due to the dense computation in the prefill stage of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs). Existing methods either compress visual embeddings or apply sparse attention on a single GPU, yielding limited acceleration or degraded performance and restricting LMMs from handling longer, more complex videos. To overcome these issues, we propose APB-V, a sequence-parallel framework with optimized attention that accelerates long-video inference across multiple GPUs. By distributing approximate attention, APB-V reduces computation and increases parallelism, enabling efficient processing of more visual embeddings without compression and thereby improving task performance. System-level optimizations, such as load balancing and fused forward passes, further unleash the potential of APB-V, delivering speedups of 12.72x, 1.70x, and 1.18x over FlashAttn, ZigZagRing, and APB, without notable performance loss.
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cs.CL · cs.CV
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表