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版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.31338

ValuSpec: Plug-and-Play Candidate Valuation before Target Verification for Tree-Based Speculative Decoding

Liang He, SiYuan Ma, Qishi Zhan, Yongqi Fan, Mingyu Cao, Qizhen Lan, Zhaolu Kang, Xilu Wang

原文摘要

Tree-based speculative decoding accelerates large language model inference by verifying multiple candidate branches in parallel. However, in practical serving scenarios, similar requests repeatedly induce overlapping candidate branches. While retrieval-based methods mitigate this by reusing historical drafts, the resulting candidate trees often contain many low-quality branches as the candidate tree grows, which reduces verification efficiency and wastes target-side computation. To address this, we propose ValuSpec, a plug-and-play candidate valuation mechanism that filters low-quality branches from a supplied candidate tree before expensive target-side verification. ValuSpec introduces transfer-based supervision to align filtering with the target model's behavior. A filtering threshold is estimated from the target model's greedy trajectories on a calibration split, without any parameter training. The target model then verifies the filtered tree under the output-identical greedy rule, so accepted tokens are guaranteed to match standard autoregressive decoding exactly. Experimental results on HumanEval, GSM8K, Dolly, and SpecBench show that, in our main evaluation, ValuSpec achieves up to 2.38x end-to-end speedup in retrieval-based tree settings. Furthermore, integrating ValuSpec into the EAGLE-3 dynamic tree framework yields up to 2.78x end-to-end speedup without modifying its tree construction strategy, demonstrating that ValuSpec serves as a generally applicable and plug-and-play candidate valuation module.

cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07717

Pediatric ECG foundation model via adult-to-pediatric fine-tuning: downstream tasks and clinical evaluation

Yu Cao, Haiyan Xu, Xiaohan Li, Jian Yang, Yuqing Feng, Wei Wang, Haomin Li

原文摘要

Pediatric electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation is complicated by age-dependent electrophysiological changes that limit direct transfer of adult AI models. We asked whether an adult ECG foundation model could be adapted to pediatric ECGs. Using 339,563 12-lead ECGs from 238,189 children, we compared direct application, pediatric fine-tuning, and training from scratch under an identical architecture. Direct transfer was poor (mean AUC 0.8256). Fine-tuning reached 0.9695, above de novo training (0.9661), and attained 0.9079 using only 1% of training data. On 10,999 external ECGs, fine-tuning achieved a mean AUC of 0.9385 across 30 labels. It generalized to age regression (MAE 1.12 years) and congenital heart disease classification (AUC 0.9562). Across 17 clinicians and 100 cases, diagnostic accuracy rose from 56.8% to 65.4% (p < 0.001) and did not decline when AI erred. Adult ECG foundation models require pediatric adaptation; fine-tuning offers a data-efficient route to scalable pediatric ECG AI.

cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07061

Segment What It Can Draw: Querying a Text-to-Image Generator with Its Own Images for Skin Lesion Segmentation

Hongyu Cao, Guangfu Guo, Jinghan Zhang, Dakshak Keerthi Chandra, Ying Zhang, Kunpeng Liu

原文摘要

Skin lesion segmentation without annotated masks requires the target to be specified through other cues. Existing approaches rely on dermoscopy-specific rules, annotation-derived model priors, or user-selected regions. A general text-to-image diffusion transformer offers a text interface to the target, but its concept-word attention is unreliable on dermoscopy images: in the model's attention-output space, the word-derived skin-to-lesion direction is poorly aligned with the direction separating real skin from real lesions. We show that the direction derived from generated healthy-skin and lesion images is substantially better aligned. Based on this finding, we propose GENIQ, a training-free method that constructs initial skin and lesion prototypes from generated images and refines them using the most skin-like and lesion-like patches from unlabelled dermoscopy images. It scores test patches along the refined direction and applies a gated threshold to suppress contextual spill-over around small lesions. Without inference-time annotations or additional models, GENIQ achieves Dice scores of 0.85-0.88 on three dermoscopy test sets. It outperforms zero-shot and word-based attention methods on all three sets, and a hand-designed dermoscopy pipeline in Dice and IoU on two.

cs.CV · cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.31323

Bridging the Data Gap: Source-Informed Task-Space Transport for Few-Shot Diffusion

Jinjian Jiang, Jing Peng, Rehan Deen, Yu Cao, Ziquan Liu, Muhammad Salman Haleem, David Mguni

原文摘要

When an object category is well represented in one domain but scarcely observed in another, adapting a diffusion model to the target can be unreliable. Yet the same source-target relationship may have been observed for other categories. We ask whether this recurring relation can be learned and reused for a new semantic task. We introduce Meta-Diff, which embeds source and target distributions in a shared low-dimensional task space, learns an affine transport map across paired training tasks, and generates from the transported source coordinate using a shared diffusion backbone. At deployment, it requires source examples and the identity of a previously learned relation, but neither target images nor target-specific optimisation. Gaussian-mixture experiments examine how transfer depends on task information retained by the encoder, relation predictability and the size of the source--target shift. On held-out CIFAR-100 validation tasks, correct-source transport achieves 13.9% lower mean sliced Wasserstein distance than wrong-source transport. In the one-target final-test comparison, it achieves 14.7% lower mean distance than target-only adaptation and 32.7% lower than full fine-tuning under validation-selected settings. These gains have clear limits: directly applying the known corruption to clean-source generations performs better on CIFAR, and requested-class identity remains weak. Office-Home shows domain alignment without reliable object identity; clinical stress tests show no resolved source-specific advantage. The results characterise when reusable task-space relations help and where their generative limitations remain.

cs.LG · cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2512.03416

TokenScale: Timely and Accurate Autoscaling for Disaggregated LLM Serving with Token Velocity

Ruiqi Lai, Hongrui Liu, Chengzhi Lu, Zonghao Liu, Siyu Cao, Siyang Shao, Yixin Zhang, Luo Mai 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

The architectural shift to prefill/decode (PD) disaggregation in LLM serving improves resource utilization but struggles with the bursty nature of modern workloads. Existing autoscaling policies, often retrofitted from monolithic systems like those in AIBrix and DistServe, rely on lagging indicators such as GPU utilization or coarse-grained request counts. This results in slow reactions to load spikes, leading to significant Time-to First-Token (TTFT) and Time-Per-Output-Token (TPOT) SLO violations and costly over-provisioning. We introduce TokenScale, an autoscaling framework that resolves this performance mismatch through two innovations. First, we propose Token Velocity, a novel metric that unifies the prefill, network, and decode stages by quantifying their rate of work. As a leading indicator of system backpressure, it enables proactive scaling. Second, Convertible Decoders allow decoder GPUs to dynamically execute prefill tasks during traffic spikes, creating a rapid-response buffer that absorbs bursts and eliminates the initialization latency of new prefillers. Our evaluation on a GPU cluster with production traces shows TokenScale improves SLO attainment from 50-88% to 80-96% and reduces costs by 4-14% over state-of-the-art systems, including DistServe, BlitzScale, and AIBrix. By uniting a predictive metric with a flexible system design, TokenScale significantly boosts the performance and efficiency of disaggregated LLM serving infrastructure.

cs.DC

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.02093

Bernoulli On-Policy Distillation: Don't Ignore High-Confidence Student Tokens

Mingyu Cao, Yaokai Jin, Shiwei Liu, Lu Yin

原文摘要

On-policy distillation (OPD) trains a student language model on its own trajectories using token-level supervision from a stronger teacher. We show that standard sampled reverse-KL OPD systematically suppresses updates to high-confidence tokens, such that their weak gradient contribution does not necessarily imply weak or uninformative teacher supervision. We introduce Bernoulli On-Policy Distillation (Bernoulli OPD), which directly matches the teacher and student probabilities for that token. This yields a bounded probability space correction that preserves teacher-student disagreement while avoiding the additional confidence-dependent suppression induced by vanilla OPD. Fixed-rollout analyses show that Bernoulli OPD substantially restores optimization signal to high-confidence tokens while remaining sensitive to teacher-student disagreement. We further analyze the resulting model behavior through confidence distributions, answer calibration, policy movement, and training dynamics, showing that Bernoulli OPD's gains cannot be explained simply by longer reasoning, larger optimization steps, or more uniform imitation of the teacher. Code is available at https://github.com/duterscmy/Bernoulli-OPD.

cs.LG

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.38356

Encode Once, Answer Many: Internalizing Context via Parametric Flow

Xinhao Zhong, Mengxuan Wu, Chonghua Liao, Linxi Xie, Ruicheng Feng, Kangqiao Xu, Yanpei Guo, Hao Tan 等 26 位作者

原文摘要

Large language models are typically adapted to a task either by placing knowledge in the input context, which keeps it external and re-encodes it on every call, or by fine-tuning, which internalizes it but demands a costly round of optimization per task. We aim to internalize the knowledge carried by a context directly into model parameters, without per-task optimization and without keeping the context in the input at inference time. To this end, we propose CLIK, a context-conditioned parameter generator that maps a given context to LoRA parameters for internalizing knowledge in a single forward pass through a Transformer encoder with cross-attention, requiring no test-time gradient updates. Once the generated LoRA is inserted into a frozen base model, the model answers downstream queries from the query alone, having internalized the context into its weights rather than re-reading it. Because the adapter depends only on the context, it is generated once and reused for every query on the same document, so the cost of reading that document is amortized across queries. On document question answering, CLIK substantially improves over the no-context base model and outperforms existing hypernetwork-based generators, while remaining behind a base model that reads the context directly, and it carries over to multi-turn dialogue without any multi-turn-specific training. Analysis further shows that the context-dependent part of the generated adapter concentrates in a compact and specific substructure.

cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01755

A Bounded Evaluation Protocol for Representational Systematicity

Boyu Cao, Wenshuo Wang

原文摘要

Multiple studies have shown that neural networks can be behaviorally systematic, producing correct outputs for novel combinations of familiar parts. Whether they are also representationally systematic, that is, whether they represent these parts and their roles and use them to produce the outputs, remains hard to test, because each kind of evidence can mislead on its own: correct outputs can come from shortcuts, a decodable signal need not be used, an intervention can act through unintended pathways, and a failed search does not show absence. We propose a bounded evaluation protocol for representational systematicity (Bounded-RS): for an explanation that attributes a systematic behavior to a declared representation, it tests on a matched behavioral contrast whether that representation is recoverable and whether it is causally used, checks the validity of this evidence, and assigns the explanation one of four bounded states, Unsupported, Present-only, Causal-use, or Undetermined, through control-calibrated scores, gates, and stop rules. On a semantic-parsing testbed of 96 matched sets that we release, the tested role-filler Binding explanation of fine-tuned T5 models is Causal-use and the distributed Geometry explanation is Unsupported within its declared search space, verdicts that hold across calibration-compatible parameter configurations, training seeds, and T5-base. On 41 cases with known causal status, full adjudication licenses a false Causal-use in 1 of 34 noncausal cases, against 13 when recoverability is taken as use, without missing any causal case. Bounded-RS thus turns the question of representational systematicity, debated since Fodor and Pylyshyn, into comparable and falsifiable verdicts on declared explanations, each reported with the evidence pattern that licenses it and, for a negative, the search space that bounds it.

cs.CL

版本更新 · v6arXiv:2410.22931

A Third-Order Gaussian Process Trajectory Representation Framework with Closed-Form Kinematics for Continuous-Time Motion Estimation

Thien-Minh Nguyen, Ziyu Cao, Kailai Li, William Talbot, Tongxing Jin, Shenghai Yuan, Timothy D. Barfoot, Lihua Xie

原文摘要

In this paper, we propose a third-order, i.e., white-noise-on-jerk, Gaussian Process (GP) Trajectory Representation (TR) framework for continuous-time (CT) motion estimation (ME) tasks. Our framework features a unified trajectory representation that encapsulates the kinematic models of both $SO(3)\times\mathbb{R}^3$ and $SE(3)$ pose representations. This encapsulation strategy allows users to use the same implementation of measurement-based factors for either choice of pose representation, which facilitates experimentation and comparison to achieve the best model for the ME task. In addition, unique to our framework, we derive the kinematic models with the closed-form temporal derivatives of the local variable of $SO(3)$ and $SE(3)$, which so far has only been approximated based on the Taylor expansion in the literature. Our experiments show that these kinematic models can improve the estimation accuracy in high-speed scenarios. All analytical Jacobians of the interpolated states with respect to the support states of the trajectory representation, as well as the motion prior factors, are also provided for accelerated Gauss-Newton (GN) optimization. Our experiments demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of the framework in various motion estimation tasks such as localization, calibration, and odometry, facilitating fast prototyping for ME researchers. We release the source code for the benefit of the community. Our project is available at https://github.com/brytsknguyen/gptr.

cs.RO

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.39301HF 社区推荐

Youtu-Parsing-Omni: One Encoder, One Schema, All Modalities

Yunhang Shen, Zhangquan Chen, Xiaotian Li, Zhongpeng Cai, Qing Zhou, Zekai Zhang, Kun Zhang, Zezhong Wu 等 30 位作者

原文摘要

We present Youtu-Parsing-Omni, an omni-modal parser that converts documents, images, audio, and video into structured records grounded in space and time, providing a perception layer for agents that read, locate, and cite evidence across modalities. Its design rests on one encoder for every modality and one schema for every task. Youtu-Omni-Encoder, initialized from a pre-trained language model to strengthen text reading, encodes all modalities with shared weights in a unified space-time coordinate system, and a few fusion layers let video frames attend to concurrent audio, bringing cross-modal fusion and temporal alignment into perception itself. OmniSchema unifies the outputs of all ten parsing tasks, allowing a single self-evolving post-training procedure, OmniSchema-Aware On-Policy Distillation (OSAD), to provide a shared token-role-based objective across tasks. In each round, the model is trained on its own rollouts against token-level targets from a reference-conditioned copy of itself, which is then refreshed with the trained weights, so that the parser and its supervision co-evolve. With a single 5 B-parameter checkpoint, Youtu-Parsing-Omni achieves state-of-the-art performance on OmniDocBench v1.6 (96.96 Overall) and leads all open-weight models on OmniParsingBench (75.08 Avg.), with its advantage concentrated on audio and video. It also achieves the best overall chart-parsing score (95.02) and the highest exact chemical-fingerprint agreement among compared systems, and matches a dedicated optical-music model in character-level transcription of typeset sheet music while staying far ahead of general-purpose systems. Code and model weights are publicly available.

cs.CV

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.37602

RESPLE2: Inertial-Informed Recursive Non-Uniform Spline Estimation for Multi-Sensor Odometry with Global Refinement

Ziyu Cao, William Talbot, Song Li, Pakpong Chirarattananon, Fredrik Gustafsson, Marco Hutter, Kailai Li

原文摘要

We present RESPLE2, a recursive multi-sensor state estimation framework using non-uniform B-splines for 6-DoF motion representation. By exploiting the knot-clamping boundary property, we propose a theoretically grounded mechanism for exact control-point prediction directly informed by inertial kinematics along the trajectory, with knot placement adapted to motion and measurement availability. Within an iterated extended Kalman filter, we perform this prediction using a subset of inertial measurements. A subsequent reset step preserves trajectory consistency as the knots extend. The update step further incorporates heterogeneous sensor measurements at their native timestamps through continuous-time observation models, supporting flexible combinations of LiDARs, cameras, inertial measurement units, and leg kinematics. We further develop a lightweight global optimization module that directly refines non-uniform B-spline control points by incorporating loop-closure constraints derived from LiDAR-visual cues. We conduct extensive evaluations on public and experimental datasets across handheld, tracked, legged, and hybrid aerial-legged platforms, covering highly dynamic maneuvers with extreme accelerations. Compared with state-of-the-art multi-sensor odometry systems, RESPLE2 achieves competitive or superior estimation accuracy and robustness in the corresponding sensor configurations, particularly under aggressive motion, while maintaining real-time operation. We publicly release our code and experimental datasets at https://github.com/ASIG-X/RESPLE2.

cs.RO

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2505.11982

FedHQ: Hybrid Runtime Quantization for Federated Learning

Zihao Zheng, Ziyao Wang, Jiawei Yang, Hangyu Cao, Zhihao Mao, Maoliang Li, Jiayu Chen, Hailong Zou 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Federated Learning (FL) must balance training efficiency and model accuracy across heterogeneous clients. Post-training quantization (PTQ) avoids the extra computation of quantization-aware training (QAT), but can incur greater accuracy loss. We propose FedHQ, a hybrid quantization framework that assigns PTQ or QAT according to clients' hardware and data characteristics. Hardware-based speed estimates and local data-distribution indicators guide coarse-grained global initialization, followed by fine-grained training-based adjustment of selected client strategies. Experiments on three image-classification datasets show that FedHQ achieves up to 2.47x training speedup over FedAQT and up to 11.15 percentage points higher accuracy than FedFQ.

cs.LG

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2603.07949

ActECC: Action Chunk Temporal Harnessing for Edge-Cloud Collaborative VLA Inference System

Zihao Zheng, Zhihao Mao, Hui Huang, Sicheng Tian, Hangyu Cao, Ziyun Zhang, Chenyue Li, Jiayu Chen 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

VLA models have emerged as the mainstream for embodied intelligence, which decouples reasoning and execution via action chunks. To enable real-time deployment of VLA models, existing studies investigate edge-cloud collaborative inference, which pose two challenges to the action chunk mechanism. (1) Edge-cloud collaboration complicates system latency components, hindering the determination of valid ranges for action chunks. (2) Latency fluctuations in cross-edge update links under edge-cloud scenarios make it difficult to schedule replanning requests. To address these, we analyze the key factors affecting action chunk usable ranges and replanning request timing, revealing phase dependence and edge-cloud latency constraints. Based on these insights, we propose ActECC, which enables Action Chunk Temporal Harnessing through kinematics-guided usable range assessment and delay-aware replanning scheduling. Experiments show that ActECC reduces per-action latency by up to 27.4% and cloud calls by up to 45.1%, while lowering average execution error compared with existing edge-cloud collaborative.

cs.DC · cs.RO

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1540ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Mitigating Lost in Multi-turn Conversation via Curriculum RL with Verifiable Accuracy and Abstention Rewards

Ming Li, Pei Chen Amazon, Zhenhao Zhang Amazon, Tao Yang Amazon, Xinyang Zhang Anthropic, Han Li Shopify, Tianyu Cao, Ming Zeng Amazon 等 13 位作者

原文摘要

Large Language Models demonstrate strong capabilities in single-turn instruction following but suffer from Lost-in-Conversation (LiC), a degradation in performance as information is revealed progressively in multi-turn settings. Motivated by the current progress on Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), we propose Curriculum Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Accuracy and Abstention Rewards (RLAAR), a framework that encourages models not only to generate correct answers, but also to judge the solvability of questions in the multi-turn conversation setting. Our approach employs a competence-gated curriculum that incrementally increases dialogue difficulty (in terms of instruction shards), stabilizing training while promoting reliability. Using multi-turn, on-policy rollouts and a mixed-reward system, RLAAR teaches models to balance problem-solving with informed abstention, reducing premature answering behaviors that cause LiC. Evaluated on LiC benchmarks, RLAAR significantly mitigates LiC performance decay (62.6% to 75.1%) and improves calibrated abstention rates (33.5% to 73.4%). Together, these results provide a practical recipe for building multi-turn reliable and trustworthy LLMs.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1994ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

RL-PLUS: Countering Capability Boundary Collapse of LLMs in Reinforcement Learning with Hybrid-policy Optimization

Yihong Dong, Xue Jiang, Yongding Tao Peking University, Huanyu Liu Peking University, Kechi Zhang Peking University, Lili Mou University of Alberta, Rongyu Cao, Yingwei MA Alibaba Group 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward (RLVR) has significantly advanced the complex reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, it struggles to break through the inherent capability boundaries of the base LLM, due to its essentially on-policy strategy coupled with LLM’s immense action space and sparse reward. Critically, RLVR can lead to the capability boundary collapse, narrowing the LLM’s problem-solving scope. To address this problem, we propose R-PLUS, a novel hybrid-policy optimization approach for LLMs that synergizes internal exploitation with external data to achieve stronger reasoning capabilities and surpass the boundaries of base models. R-PLUS integrates two core components, i.e., Multiple Importance Sampling to address distributional mismatch from external data, and Exploration-Based Advantage Function to guide the model towards high-value, unexplored reasoning paths. We provide both theoretical analysis and extensive experiments to demonstrate the superiority and generalizability of our approach. Compared with existing RLVR methods, R-PLUS achieves 1) state-of-the-art performance on six math reasoning benchmarks; 2) superior performance on six out-of-distribution reasoning tasks; 3) consistent and significant gains across diverse model families, with average relative improvements up to 69.2%. Moreover, the analysis of Pass@k curves indicates that R-PLUS effectively resolves the capability boundary collapse problem.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.364ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

iTAG: Inverse Design for Natural Text Generation with Accurate Causal Graph Annotations

Wenshuo Wang Massachusetts Institute of Technology and South China University of Technology, Boyu Cao, Nan Zhuang China Mobile GBA Innovation Institute, Wei Li

原文摘要

A fundamental obstacle to causal discovery from text is the lack of causally annotated text data for use as ground truth, due to high annotation costs. This motivates an important task of generating text with causal graph annotations. Early template-based generation methods sacrifice text naturalness in exchange for high causal graph annotation accuracy. Recent Large Language Model (LLM)-dependent methods directly generate natural text from target graphs through LLMs, but do not guarantee causal graph annotation accuracy. Therefore, we propose iTAG, which performs real-world concept assignment to nodes before converting causal graphs into text in existing LLM-dependent methods. iTAG frames this process as an inverse problem with the causal graph as the target, iteratively examining and refining concept selection through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning so that the induced relations between concepts are as consistent as possible with the target causal relationships described by the causal graph. iTAG demonstrates both extremely high annotation accuracy and naturalness across extensive tests, and the results of testing text-based causal discovery algorithms with the generated data show high statistical correlation with real-world data. This suggests that iTAG-generated data can serve as a practical surrogate for scalable benchmarking of text-based causal discovery algorithms.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.877ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Discourse Coherence and Response-Guided Context Rewriting for Multi-Party Dialogue Generation

Zhiyu Cao, Peifeng Li, Qiaoming Zhu Soochow University

原文摘要

Previous research on multi-party dialogue generation has predominantly leveraged structural information inherent in dialogues to directly inform the generation process. However, the prevalence of colloquial expressions and incomplete utterances in dialogues often impedes comprehension and weakens the fidelity of dialogue structure representations, which is particularly pronounced in multi-party dialogues. In this work, we propose a novel framework DRCR (Discourse coherence and Response-guided Context Rewriting) to improve multi-party dialogue generation through dialogue context rewriting. Specifically, DRCR employs two complementary feedback signals, discourse coherence and response quality, to construct preference data for both context rewriting and response generation. Moreover, we propose a dynamic self-evolution learning method that allows the rewriter and responder to continuously enhance their capabilities through mutual interaction in an iterative training loop. Comprehensive experiments conducted on four multi-party dialogue datasets substantiate the effectiveness of DRCR.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表