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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.17160

XBot-Omni:面向具身理解与交互的全模态模型

XBot-Omni: An Omni-Modal Model for Embodied Understanding and Interaction

Kerui Gu, Xing Fu, Shuoyang Sun, Cheng Peng, Jingru Duan, Huayu Gu, Zhenyu Chen, Jiaxin Huang 等 13 位作者

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出 Thinker–Talker–Actor 架构,将全模态(Omni)范式扩展到机器人特有的身体运动与面部表情模态,实现从全模态输入到语音与协调肢体表达的具身交互。

cs.RO

查看原文摘要

Embodied interaction requires an agent to integrate multimodal perception with verbal and nonverbal behaviors to effectively communicate its intentions, including speech, body motion, and facial expressions. We present XBot-Omni, a Thinker--Talker--Actor architecture that extends the Omni paradigm to robotic modalities, including body motion and facial expressions, with ``X'' representing the extensibility to robotic-specific modalities. The Thinker processes text, images, audio, and video to formulate contextually appropriate responses, which are then realized by the Talker and Actor through speech and coordinated bodily expressions, respectively. In this report, we innovatively introduce the concept of ``Actor'' as a dedicated component for embodied agents: a coordinated, streaming module that leverages the native representations of the Thinker and Talker within an end-to-end pipeline, introducing only modest latency overhead. This unified architecture enables multimodal generation conditioned on omni-modal inputs directly to prevent information loss in staged designs. We comprehensively evaluate XBot-Omni across seven benchmarks, demonstrating strong multimodal understanding capabilities on both general-domain and robot-centric videos, as well as high-quality, natural, and well-coordinated motion generation. Furthermore, our results validate its capability to generate embodied multimodal responses directly from omni inputs, meeting the diverse requirements of embodied interaction. XBot-Omni enables robots not only to perceive the omni world but also to express themselves through speech and bodily behaviors, extending Omni models from conversational interaction to embodied communication in physical environments.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.17142

FORGE:面向高效人形机器人移动操作的力量感知多粒度控制

FORGE: Force-Aware Multi-Granularity Control for Efficient Humanoid Loco-Manipulation

Liangjun Xing, Ke Fan, Kailin Li, Bin Wang, Xiaojie Niu, Qingwei Ben, Jiafei Cao, Wei Yao 等 11 位作者

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出一种力量感知、由粗到细的多粒度人形机器人移动操作控制框架,仅用稀疏腕部姿态与可选力输入即可训练和部署,无需全身动作轨迹或腕部力传感器。

cs.RO

查看原文摘要

Humanoid loco-manipulation requires coordinated locomotion, balance regulation, and manipulation under frequent contacts, making teleoperated demonstration collection difficult: a practical controller must simultaneously provide precision, stability, and contact awareness. We propose FORGE, a force-aware multi-granularity control system with a coarse-to-fine command space spanning velocity navigation, planar foot placement, wrist-pose tracking, and optional force-conditioning inputs. Policy training requires no full-body human motion trajectories or joint-angle references; deployment consumes only sparse bilateral wrist poses relative to the pelvis, coarse motion commands, and optional desired wrist-load inputs. For sustained contact, FORGE combines a momentum observer with a learned correction trained using simulator contact-force supervision. At deployment, it estimates low-frequency, wrist-equivalent interaction forces from proprioception and reconstructed low-level arm PD torques, without wrist force/torque sensors. A quasi-static virtual-target loop uses this estimate and an optional desired applied-force input to adapt the wrist target. A frozen locomotion prior and asymmetric residual actions stabilize manipulation-induced whole-body corrections. Experiments evaluate unified-control stability, task-space tracking, quasi-static wrist-equivalent force estimation, squeezing forces during sustained contact with a rigid box, and downstream diffusion-policy execution of a squat-and-lift task across payload conditions. Website: https://bb0928.github.io/forge/.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.17083

带时间窗口与延迟的列表更新:非批量服务模型

List Update with Time Windows and Delays without Batch-Serving

Icey Siyi Ai, Jingwei Li, Clifford Stein

AI 速读 基于摘要

研究每次请求都需单独访问的列表更新问题,在时间窗口重叠度受限和延迟场景下给出竞争比分析与算法。

cs.DS

查看原文摘要

We study list update with time windows and delays when every request requires a separate access. Unlike batch-serving models, serving several requests to one element still incurs one access per request, and each access may change the list for subsequent requests. For time windows of overlap at most $k\ge2$, our deterministic First-Element Removal algorithm is $(3-2/k)$-competitive, hence $3$-competitive in general. Against an oblivious adversary, a randomized adaptation of BIT is $7/4$-competitive on arbitrary $2$-overlap inputs. More generally, on inputs without self-overlap, it is $\left(13/4-9/[2(k+1)]\right)$-competitive for every $k\ge2$. For delays, we give a deterministic $5$-competitive algorithm and a lower bound of $2+\sqrt3$ for deterministic delay-unaware algorithms. Our analyses extend inversion potentials with per-request credits that reconcile different service times and orders.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.17048

AURA 2.0:从用户驱动响应到流式视频中的模型主动对话

AURA 2.0: From User-Driven Responses to Model-Initiated Conversations in Streaming Video

Shuhan Li, Huankang Guan, Xintong Guo, Yang Bo, Yuyang He, Dunyuan Xu, Jingyan Chen, Fang Liu 等 18 位作者

AI 速读 基于摘要

AURA 2.0 是一个流式视频大语言模型,新增模型主动发起对话、流感知工具调用和交互式视觉定位三项能力,并配套专用数据集与三阶段训练方案。

cs.CV · cs.AI

查看原文摘要

Most AI assistants respond only when prompted, remaining silent even when events in the video stream offer meaningful opportunities for conversation. To move beyond purely user-driven interaction, we present AURA 2.0, a streaming video large language model that introduces three core upgrades to AURA. The key advance is Model-Initiated Conversation (MIC), which enables the model to identify topics worth discussing in the evolving visual stream and initiate conversations at appropriate moments without a user query. Stream-Aware Tool Calling (SATC) enables the model to invoke external tools using the current visual and conversational context and incorporate returned information into the ongoing interaction. Interactive Visual Grounding (IVG) supports visual grounding in both user inputs and model outputs. The model can identify objects marked by users on video frames and produce frame-aligned bounding boxes to link its responses to specific objects and regions. To develop these capabilities, we construct a dedicated streaming interaction dataset and adopt a three-stage training scheme to integrate the new behaviors with AURA's existing streaming interaction abilities. We further incorporate Long-Horizon Interaction Memory (LHIM) to maintain contextual continuity over extended video streams. Evaluations on public streaming benchmarks show that AURA 2.0 achieves leading performance among open-source streaming models, while targeted evaluations further validate its new interaction capabilities. We open-source the model weights and inference code.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16882

Pretraining Data Statistics Shape the Phases of Learning Entity Comparison in Language Models

Yik Siu Chan, Jing Huang, Yanai Elazar, Atticus Geiger

原文摘要

How does data shape language model (LM) behavior throughout pretraining? We investigate this question through a case study on entity comparison, e.g., Between France and Brazil, which country is larger?, across nine comparison tasks spanning five entity types. We begin with controlled experiments in which we train small LMs (163M parameters) on mixtures of natural text from pretraining corpora and synthetic task data. Our analysis identifies three distinct phases of learning: (1) an early phase where the LM selects entities by frequency, (2) a middle phase where the LM selects entities by position in the prompt (first vs. last mentioned entity), and (3) a late phase where the LM selects the entity that is the correct answer. We show that the emergence of these three phases is causally determined by statistical properties of the training data. With small amounts of task-specific synthetic data, we observe only the first two phases and the model fails to learn the task; with large amounts, the model jumps directly from the frequency-based heuristic to solving the task correctly. Moreover, changing the entity frequency distribution from a naturally occurring Zipfian distribution (a small number of entities are very common and the vast majority are rare) to a uniform one weakens the frequency phase and speeds up learning of the task. Lastly, we show that the three phases of training dynamics from our controlled experiments appear in the open source model OLMo-2 32B. Together, our findings demonstrate that properties of pretraining data are causal drivers of heuristic learning and show that small-scale synthetic experiments can predict training dynamics at larger scales.

cs.CL · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16872

ACE-CaP-0: Real-World Code-as-Policies in the Era of Experience

ACE-CaP Team, Changxu Wei, Yunpeng Qing, Guozheng Ma, Bowen Liu, Zexin He, Yilun Kong, Haoming Gu 等 28 位作者

原文摘要

Recent advances in frontier models have pushed the boundaries of agentic robot control, enabling agents to perform complex robotic tasks through reasoning and interaction. However, repeated calls to these models during execution can substantially increase task completion time. Code as Policies (CaP) offers a route for coding agents to acquire physical skills through experience and retain them in executable programs, allowing the reasoning invested in development to be reused across runs. Developing reliable code policies while limiting the cost of physical experimentation remains a central challenge. We investigate human guidance as a source of priors for feasible actions and simulation as an auxiliary environment for exploring and testing candidate policies. Our findings favor robot demonstrations available on request and simulation used selectively during real-world policy refinement. These findings inform ACE-CaP-0, an agentic recipe that couples policy revision with experience acquisition through Demonstrations on Request and Simulation on Demand. Across eight real-world manipulation tasks spanning alignment, multi-object handling, and bimanual coordination, the resulting frozen programs achieve 92.1\% success (221/240 trials). Mean execution times across tasks range from 0.97 to 2.27 minutes. The programs execute with runtime perception and control, without a human or coding agent in the loop. These results highlight CaP's potential to turn experience into reliable, reusable physical skills.

cs.RO

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2608.25735

Pointing the Way, Hiding the Destination: Practical Private Dense Retrieval at Scale

Peichun Hua, Danyang Chen, Junan Zhang, Haifeng Sun, Jingyu Wang, Diwen Xue, Mingyu Li, Yunming Xiao

原文摘要

Hosted retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and semantic search allow users to query valuable provider-held corpora, raising two competing demands: to hide each query and chosen result, yet reveal only the documents that the user is authorized to receive. Existing cryptographic approaches either make this costly by processing the entire corpus for every query, or sacrifice quality for efficiency by scanning a few clusters. We repurpose learned deep hashing as a private filter: a randomized binary code points the provider to a short candidate list, while encrypted reranking and oblivious key transfer protect the precise query and final selection. This shortlist short-circuits full-corpus cryptographic search without sacrificing retrieval quality: with 200-500 candidates, it closely matches full-corpus retrieval across five zero-shot corpora spanning 25K to 5.4M documents. On the full 2.68M-passage NQ corpus over a 10-Gbps link, our protocol only adds 0.38 seconds, or 6.5%, to a 128-token Qwen3-32B RAG pipeline. The released code satisfies directional metric differential privacy (DP) and substantially reduces embedding-inversion and property-inference leakage, demonstrating that a carefully learned shortlist can make private dense retrieval both accurate and practical.

cs.CR · cs.AI · cs.IR · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16787

MESH: Multi-receiver Evaluation of Spatial Hearing across Egocentric and Allocentric Views

Wen Wen, Bohan Li, KwanHo Tam, Yu Xi, Jing Peng, Shuai Wang, Kai Yu

原文摘要

Spatial hearing in multi-receiver environments requires identifying who speaks, where they are, and how they move. Existing benchmarks evaluate spatial prediction, transcription, tracking, and distributed speech processing, but offer limited evaluation of whether speech signal remains associated with the correct physical source across receivers and motion. We introduce MESH, which evaluates this association through egocentric and allocentric views of shared acoustic scenes. The egocentric view uses local recordings and peer metadata, while the allocentric view combines synchronized recordings from multiple receivers in a shared 3D world frame. MESH contains nearly 40,000 questions across 13 static and dynamic localization and spatial transcription tasks. We evaluate eleven audio-model configurations and a language-model agent using specialist tools. The best static distance-estimation and dynamic direction-tracking accuracies are only 21.90% and 41.54%, respectively, while the lowest word error rates across four transcription tasks range from 59.15% to 73.10%. Ablation studies and additional experiments reveal that existing models are not yet able to effectively leverage peer information and struggle to handle multi-speaker and dynamic scenarios. These findings highlight the gap between access to distributed acoustic information and its effective use for spatial speech understanding. We release the dataset and evaluation code to support further research on collaborative and distributed spatial hearing.

eess.AS · cs.SD

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16748

PhysLoop: Harnessing LLMs' Physics Awareness for Self-Improving Video Generation Models

Yuxuan Chen, Xiaojie Li, Hao Chen, Juncheng Ma, Kewei Zhang, Zhongjing Du, Guoqiang Wei, Fangfang Wang 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

Video generation models produce visually realistic videos but still struggle with physical dynamics and causal consistency. Learning from generated videos requires fine-grained physical supervision, yet reliable quality judgments, correction pairs, and controlled variations are difficult to obtain. Large language models (LLMs) possess physical knowledge, but struggle to reliably guide video generation models in producing their training videos. We present PhysLoop, a unified harness designed to support physically grounded self-improvement in video generation models. The harness guides and constrains LLMs throughout video generation, selection, and correction, distilling their physical knowledge into physically consistent videos. The framework supports controllable training-data construction and inference-time video repair. By identifying and correcting failures, PhysLoop marks a key milestone toward recursive self-improvement (RSI) in video generation models with limited human intervention. We release 100K videos spanning diverse, realistic indoor and outdoor scenes, along with generation tools and two evaluation datasets: PhysLoop-Gen and PhysLoop-Repair. We evaluate controllable generation and localized repair on these datasets, respectively, and assess physical behavior on the external Physics-IQ Verified benchmark.

cs.CV · cs.AI

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2605.19541

Optimising Neural Speech Codecs for 300bps Communication using Reinforcement Learning

Junyi Wang, Chi Zhang, Jing Qian, Haifeng Luo, Hao Wang, Zengrui Jin, Chao Zhang

原文摘要

In bandwidth-constrained communication such as satellite and underwater channels, speech must often be transmitted at ultra-low bitrates where intelligibility is the primary objective. At such extreme compression levels, codecs trained with acoustic reconstruction losses tend to allocate bits to perceptual detail, leading to substantial degradation in word error rate (WER). This paper proposes ClariCodec, a neural speech codec operating at 300 bits per second (bps) that reformulates quantisation as a stochastic policy, enabling reinforcement learning (RL)-based optimisation of intelligibility. Specifically, the encoder is fine-tuned using WER-driven rewards while the acoustic reconstruction pipeline remains frozen. Even without RL, ClariCodec achieves 4.64% WER on the LibriSpeech test-clean set at 300 bps, already competitive with codecs operating at higher bitrates. Further RL fine-tuning reduces WER to 3.55% on test-clean, corresponding to a 23.5% relative reduction while preserving perceptual quality. In addition, we adapt ClariCodec to a streaming configuration and show that the proposed RL-based optimisation remains effective under streaming constraints, achieving 4.53% WER on test-clean with a theoretical latency of 374 ms.

cs.SD

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.31504

SimpleSearch-VL: A Simple Recipe for Multimodal Agentic Deep Search

Ming Dai, Zhihong Lu, Jinjie Gu, Jiedong Zhuang, Jing Hao, Lijun Wu, Yefeng Liu, Wankou Yang 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

We present SimpleSearch-VL, an efficient, reliable, and practical framework for multimodal agentic search. Its core idea is to improve the agent's own search-and-verification process rather than scaling data, tools, or auxiliary model components. For efficiency, Factorized Adaptive Rollout (FAR) improves sampling efficiency by forming more informative training groups while using redundant samples to mitigate long-tail latency and expose hard samples. For reliability, SimpleSearch-VL performs evidence-verified reasoning, explicitly using chain-of-thought verification to assess the relevance of retrieved visual and textual cues to the original context. For practicality, SimpleSearch-VL keeps a lightweight tool interface and performs webpage self-summary within the agent, requiring no additional external dependencies. With only 5K supervised tool-interleaved trajectories and 2K RL data, SimpleSearch-VL improves Qwen3-VL agentic baselines by 15.8 and 16.0 average points for the 8B and 30B-A3B variants, respectively. The SimpleSearch-VL-30B-A3B model further achieves performance competitive with agentic Gemini-3-Pro.

cs.CV

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16591

Singularity-Bench: Can Agents Build Agents?

Yang Zhou, Krish Agarwal, Zhuoming Chen, Zerui Wang, Zhenyu Zhang, Wenshuang Li, Xinpeng Wei, Zhichen Zeng 等 19 位作者

原文摘要

Frontier AI agents increasingly succeed on realistic, long-horizon tasks and are beginning to improve the systems through which they operate. Yet existing benchmarks often restrict agents to narrow action spaces, use simplified environments, or rely on verification methods that are unreliable for evaluating arbitrary agent-generated systems. We introduce Singularity-Bench, an open-ended benchmark for autonomous AI development with six end-to-end tasks spanning pre-training, mid-training, post-training, inference, the agent harness, and cluster orchestration. Each task requires agents to implement core systems from a minimal starting point and evaluates them against mature human-engineered baselines on identical hardware. Additionally, through extensive red-teaming covering 9 of the 10 categories in the OWASP Top 10 for Agentic Applications, we expose reward-hacking vulnerabilities in the conventional Harbor framework and develop Breakwater, an extension of Harbor that blocks all attacks tested in our study. Across 11 agents built from 7 frontier models and 2 harnesses, Opus 5.5 with Claude Code matches or outperforms the human baseline on all six tasks with a Singularity-Index of 1.25, suggesting it may have the skills needed to reach the singularity. The remaining agents average only 0.58. Our vision is for Singularity-Bench to track how much of AI development agents can already automate and when they may transition from assisting to taking end-to-end responsibility for building stronger successors.

cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.06900

ASAP: Assembly-Source Aligned Pseudocode Refinement For Binary Decompilation

Yujian Zhuang, Dehong Gao, Qichao Zhang, Qijing Lai, Jiaxin Wang, Libin Yang, Xiaoyan Cai

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in binary decompilation to refine the C-like pseudocode produced by traditional rule-based decompilers. While this pseudocode is useful, it is a heuristic and lossy abstraction rather than a faithful copy of the source code. It often contains decompiler errors, especially for aggressively optimized binaries where critical low-level details are obscured. We present ASAP, an Assembly-Source Aligned Pseudocode refinement framework for binary decompilation. ASAP learns source-aligned assembly representations from paired source and binary functions using joint function-level and snippet-level contrastive alignment. A Q-Former then compresses chunk-level assembly features into a fixed number of assembly tokens. These tokens and the decompiler-produced pseudocode jointly condition the decompilation LLM. During refinement, we use stochastic pseudocode masking and a relative assembly-advantage loss to discourage the model from relying solely on pseudocode. On two decompilation benchmarks across multiple compiler optimization levels, ASAP improves the average re-execution rate from 64.7% to 71.9% and the average recompilation rate from 91.6% to 96.6% compared with the strongest baseline. Our approach offers both a new perspective and a practical solution to binary decompilation.

cs.PL · cs.CR · cs.SE

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.14281

UniFlow-RS: Unified Generative Prediction for Heterogeneous Remote-Sensing Tasks

Jianlong He, Liang Liao, Jing Xiao, Chaofeng Chen, Gui-Song Xia

原文摘要

Remote-sensing foundation models increasingly unify representations across sensing modalities and downstream tasks, yet their prediction mechanisms remain largely task-specific. Separate decoders, prediction heads, and objectives leave prediction fragmented across tasks. This naturally raises a question: can heterogeneous remote-sensing tasks share the prediction process? UniFlow-RS answers this question with a single latent flow-matching predictor shared across tasks. This requires addressing two key challenges: unifying heterogeneous prediction spaces and harmonizing joint optimization across tasks. First, we cast heterogeneous task outputs into structured visual targets in a common latent space, allowing them to be modeled by the same pretrained flow predictor. Task-dependent conditioning further accommodates differences in input configurations. Second, we optimize all tasks with a common Flow Matching objective, eliminating task-specific prediction losses. To mitigate optimization mismatch across tasks and modalities, we introduce Task-Modality Adaptive Timestep Sampling (TMAS), which dynamically allocates training timesteps according to the online learning state of each task-modality group. Using a single shared model, UniFlow-RS handles six tasks and thirteen datasets, surpassing recent task-specific state-of-the-art methods on several benchmarks while remaining competitive on the others. Beyond these benchmarks, the same checkpoint demonstrates strong zero-shot transfer across unseen datasets, task settings, occlusion conditions, and near-infrared false-color imagery, without target-specific adaptation. Codes are available at https://github.com/MindVision-AI/UniFlow-RS.

cs.CV

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2605.03327

TIDE: Token-Level Credit Assignment via Entropy-Gated Bounded Deviation

Qiaoman Zhang, Shunhua Min, Xiang He, Zhenghan Zhang, Yuting Zhang, Guangxian Li, Yunzhu Kuang, Rui Jiang 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Reinforcement learning (RL) is central for aligning large language models (LLMs) with complex reasoning, yet the leading critic-free algorithm, Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), broadcasts a single sequence-level advantage uniformly across long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) generations and constrains exploration with an unbounded Kullback-Leibler (KL) penalty, which dilutes token-level supervision and induces gradient instability and mode-seeking conservatism. We propose TIDE (Token-level Importance via Deviation and Entropy), a critic-free RL framework that reinterprets distribution deviation as a guiding signal rather than a rigid penalty. TIDE replaces the volatile reverse KL divergence with the bounded Hellinger distance, safely quantifying token-level exploration without risk of gradient explosion. To separate genuine reasoning breakthroughs from confident hallucinations, an entropy gating mechanism scales this deviation by the policy's predictive uncertainty, and the gated scores redistribute the sequence-level advantage across tokens. The resulting updates amplify exploratory steps while suppressing low-entropy deviations, without a value network and with negligible overhead. Across in-domain, held-out, and out-of-domain benchmarks, TIDE outperforms strong critic-free baselines: on the Qwen2.5-32B backbone it reaches 60.0% and 46.0% Avg@32 accuracy on AIME 2024 and AIME 2025, respectively, above competitive baselines such as DAPO. Token-level attribution, causal perturbation, and exploration analyses further support the interpretation that the entropy-gated deviation identifies pivotal reasoning steps rather than merely perturbing optimization dynamics.

cs.LG · cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16335

From More to Better: Causal Inference and Digital Experimentation in the Age of AI

Winston Chou, Mårten Schultzberg, Lo-Hua Yuan, Wenjing Zheng, Avi Feller, David Holtz, Widad Machmouchi, Sven Schmit 等 21 位作者

原文摘要

Artificial intelligence (AI) is quickly expanding the capacity of organizations to produce and analyze data. We argue that this expansion shifts the leverage of data scientists from performing individual analyses to assessing the credibility and importance of findings and determining when evidence generalizes across contexts. Drawing on a roundtable of academic researchers and industry practitioners, we examine three ways in which data scientists who work on causal inference and experimentation can help organizations turn more analytical capacity into better decisions: preserving and accumulating the learning value of experimentation beyond individual tests; choosing and combining experimental, observational, and synthetic evidence; and ensuring evaluation keeps pace with AI as its capabilities and uses evolve. In each area, we distinguish established practice from open questions. We conclude with implications for the training and practice of data science and for organizations.

cs.AI · stat.AP

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16307

DEDCA: Test-Time Adaptation for Generalized AI-Generated Image Detection

Hao Tan, Qimin Zhang, Lihuang Fang, Kebing Jin, Jinghui Qin

原文摘要

AI-generated image detectors face significant challenges when deployed in real-world environments, particularly when test samples are produced by unseen generators that deviate from the source training distribution. Existing detectors often rely on a single type of evidence, such as semantic representations or low-level generation traces, making them vulnerable when the corresponding cue becomes unreliable. Moreover, adapting detectors to newly emerging generators usually requires target labels or retraining, which is costly and impractical. To address these challenges, we propose Dual-Evidence Disagreement-Constrained Adaptation (DEDCA), a test-time adaptation framework for generalized AI-generated image detection. DEDCA constructs a dual-evidence detector by combining CLIP-based semantic evidence with trace evidence extracted from shuffled entropy and residual statistics, and introduces a reliability-aware gate to perform sample-specific adaptive fusion. Our key idea is to exploit the disagreement between the two evidence streams as an unlabeled adaptation signal, enabling the detector to adjust to target-domain shifts without relying on target labels or blindly trusting a single prediction stream. Experiments show that DEDCA achieves superior performance on the GenImage benchmark by outperforming state-of-the-art AI-generated image detectors and test-time adaptation methods with 92.0\% average accuracy.

cs.CV

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.24969

Rare Event Estimation via Iterative Unalignment

Hanming Yang, Daksh Mittal, Jing Dong, Hongseok Namkoong

原文摘要

As agents are deployed with increased autonomy, even extremely rare events along their stochastic output trajectories can occur and prove catastrophic. Safe deployment therefore does not depend on whether these events can occur, but on how often they might. We study the problem of estimating the probability of rare events that arise from stochastic variation in the agent's own actions. Estimating this type of risk requires searching over the combinatorially vast space of trajectories. Naive Monte Carlo is computationally prohibitive in this regime, and constructing effective importance sampling (IS) proposals requires coordinated changes to a context-dependent chain of conditional distributions. We develop a new IS method that perturbs the original model's weights to construct the proposal. The proposal is itself a differentiably parameterized language model, enabling gradient-based search over weight space. We formulate an objective that combines a differentiable surrogate for event amplification and an adaptive regularization scheme that dynamically balances amplification against estimator stability. We evaluate our approach on $\sim$120M and $\sim$2.6B models across three event families spanning 300+ rare events as rare as $10^{-9}$, all with independently estimated reference probabilities. In our most verifiable settings, we observe that our IS estimator achieves over $800\times$ compute-weighted efficiency gains on average over naive Monte Carlo for events with probabilities lower than $10^{-7}$. Our implementation is available at https://github.com/namkoong-lab/iterative-unalignment.

cs.LG · cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.19858

Online Test-Time Adaptation for Generalizable Dynamic Graph Anomaly Detection

Jialun Zheng, Hanchen Yang, Jiannong Cao, Yankai Chen, Yuanjing Feng, Philip S. Yu

原文摘要

Generalizable dynamic graph anomaly detection (DGAD) enables pretrained detectors to identify anomalies in unseen target domains without costly retraining. However, existing methods often fail for two reasons. First, they mainly rely on domain-agnostic patterns and miss domain-specific patterns that keep evolving. Second, they assume access to the full target domain data, whereas in more practical online test-time adaptation settings, target data arrive sequentially in unlabeled chunks. To address these limitations, we formulate online test-time adaptation for generalizable DGAD and propose OTTA-DGAD. OTTA-DGAD first extracts dynamic prototypes, i.e., evolving representations of normal and anomalous patterns, from temporal ego-graphs and stores them in a memory buffer. The buffer selectively retains general patterns shared across the source domains used for pretraining while incorporating new patterns from the target domain. An anomaly scorer then compares incoming edge representations against these prototypes to identify both general and domain-specific anomalies. During adaptation, OTTA-DGAD updates the memory buffer using reliable pseudo-labels identified through confidence-based detection. It further enriches each target chunk with relevant representations retained from previous chunks, compensating for information loss resulting from the sequential arrival of data. Extensive experiments under strict test-then-adapt OTTA settings demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on ten real-world datasets from diverse domains.

cs.LG

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2607.22209

Duet: Co-Optimizing P2P Message Propagation and Rotating-Leader Consensus

Yifeng Ye, Rongji Huang, Gerui Wang, Mingchao Wan, Yuxing Duan, Jingjing Zhang, Shengyun Liu

原文摘要

In blockchain systems, peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay networks play a crucial role in providing reliable, scalable and efficient message-delivery services to upper layers. However, the consensus layer and the underlying P2P network remain mutually opaque in existing blockchains, waiving the opportunity for further improvement. In contrast to other P2P applications, blockchain can naturally be abstracted as a state machine. We therefore leverage this abstraction to record network topologies and latencies in a trusted and coordinated manner. With this support, we propose three improvements to rotating-leader consensus protocols and their underlying P2P networks: (1) accelerating leader rotation; (2) introducing a reliable-broadcast paradigm that employs tree-based dissemination in the normal case and falls back to gossip only when necessary; and (3) constructing latency-aware dissemination trees. We integrate the above ideas into Tendermint and libp2p, and conduct empirical evaluation on Amazon EC2 platform using up to 300 nodes distributed across 10 regions. The results demonstrate that, compared with gossip-based dissemination over the same topology, our prototype improves peak throughput by up to $7.26\times$.

cs.DC

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2510.11954

VizCopilot: Fostering Appropriate Reliance on Enterprise Chatbots with Context Visualization

Sam Yu-Te Lee, Jingya Chen, Albert Calzaretto, Richard Lee, Samir Passi, Alice Ferng, Mihaela Vorvoreanu

原文摘要

Enterprise AI chatbots show promise in supporting knowledge workers in information synthesis tasks by retrieving context from large, heterogeneous databases before generating answers. However, when the retrieved context misaligns with user intentions, these chatbots often produce ``irrelevantly right'' responses that raise the risk of overreliance. To foster appropriate reliance, we need a different approach than asking users to verify chatbot outputs. We posit that human oversight and modification of the context retrieval process can improve the quality of chatbots' outputs and users' awareness, resulting in more appropriate reliance and higher accountability. In this work, we explore this approach through a Research-through-Design study using VizCopilot, a chatbot extended with corpus visualization techniques. Through a within-subject study comparing VizCopilot and a simplified pure-text chatbot, we evaluate the role of visualization in enterprise chatbots and surface future design opportunities for fostering appropriate reliance through context engineering. Our findings show that visualization not only helps users detect and correct misaligned context, but also enhances user agency and system transparency. At the same time, the study reveals limitations regarding verification support and trust in AI summaries. Based on these findings, we discuss how visualization can foster appropriate reliance, the associated design trade-offs, and our vision towards transparent and sustainable human-AI interaction.

cs.HC

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16211

One Fuzzer, Many Reasoners: Adaptive Neuro-Symbolic Fuzzing with Reliability-Calibrated and Context-Gated Guidance

Jinghao Wen, Xianglong Yu, Shaohuang Wang, Xun Jiao

原文摘要

Neural-symbolic AI (NSAI) combines learned perception with programs, constraints, and compositional reasoning, but remains difficult to test because small semantics-preserving changes can alter grounded symbols and trigger discontinuous reasoning failures. Existing neural fuzzers mainly rely on neural coverage or representation-space feedback and do not provide a common testing interface for heterogeneous NSAI systems. We introduce NSAI-Fuzz, a unified semantics-aware fuzzing framework that separates task-specific valid mutation from architecture-neutral guided search and represents each candidate using five availability-aware, rank-normalized risk signals: boundary pressure, grounding uncertainty, representation drift, constraint violation, and archive novelty. We further propose Reliability-Calibrated Weighting (RCW), which learns dataset-model-level signal allocations from calibrated reliability, and Contextual Signal Gating (CSG), which adapts signal weights to the current candidate pool. We evaluate four NSAI systems across four reasoning tasks, nine compatible dataset-model cells, 20 policies, and 1,800 on-policy runs. Fixed five-signal guidance outperforms Random and Uniform in every cell, while RCW and CSG further improve over Fixed in all nine cells. Under matched mutation and query budgets, RCW and CSG achieve 16.17% and 16.06% aggregate failure discovery, compared with 6.06% for the strongest neural-fuzzing baseline. Wall-clock evaluation further shows that TensorFuzz requires 1.11x the runtime of RCW while achieving only 0.45x its failure throughput. These results show that effective and efficient fuzzing of heterogeneous NSAI systems benefits from a common neural-symbolic risk interface with adaptive signal allocation.

cs.AI · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16205

QVS-LIVO RiskMap: Health- and Information-Aware View Selection for Multi-Camera LIVO and Off-Road Risk Mapping

Zihan Pan, Jinghan Wang, Hang Li, Feng Cheng, Tianchen Liu, Gaoliang Peng

原文摘要

Multi-camera observations in off-road environments vary significantly in reliability, posing challenges when complementing degraded geometric constraints. Motivated by this, we propose Quality-aware View Selection Lidar-Vision Odometry Risk Mapping (QVS-LIVO RiskMap), which decouples visual processing for state estimation from that for semantic mapping. The front end evaluates camera observations through read-only pretracking on a shared lidar-inertial posterior, combining observation health with geometric complementarity. Channel health memory and switching hysteresis govern selection of at most one eligible view for direct photometric correction. The posterior is retained when no view is eligible or the correction fails acceptance. The mapping back end integrates semantic observations from all available views in a shared world grid. Vehicle-scale geometry constrains semantic risk corrections, while spatial and temporal evidence supports risk confirmation. The system also produces a local bird's-eye-view (BEV) risk map and a global 2.5D semantic-terrain risk map with obstacle instance voxels. On two field sequences, QVS-LIVO achieved horizontal root mean square errors of 0.910 m and 1.664 m. It reduced error by 43.3% relative to FAST-LIO2 on the degraded long-route sequence. Across 12 controlled camera-fault configurations involving dropout, black frames and 60 ms timestamp shifts, it maintained complete trajectories with errors of 1.54-2.23 m. When deployed onboard an NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin, the system generates local and global maps at 9.94 Hz and 2.00 Hz, respectively, with a median local mapping latency of 32.4 ms. These runtime results demonstrate the real-time feasibility of selective visual state updates alongside multi-view semantic mapping under challenging off-road conditions. The code and related resources are available at: https://github.com/zihanPan-HIT/QVS-LIVO.

cs.RO

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2606.22673

Agent MechSuits: Mechanistic Subspace Safety Steering for Multi-Turn CLI Agents

Weidi Luo, Qiming Zhang, Yihao Quan, Mingyu Jin, Jie Cai, Chaowei Xiao, Jingcheng Niu, Zhen Xiang

原文摘要

Command-Line Interface (CLI) agents based on large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable autonomous capabilities, but they also introduce significant safety and misuse risks during multi-turn interactions with external environments. Existing safety mechanisms mainly rely on external guardrails, which have a limited ability to perform fine-grained behavioral control during execution. Meanwhile, recent mechanistic interpretability methods for LLM safety are mostly confined to single-turn or jailbreak-style QA settings, limiting their ability to capture the evolving risk dynamics of multi-turn agent execution. In this paper, we investigate the safety of multi-turn CLI agents from an internal perspective. We propose Agent MechSuits (Mechanistic Subspace Intervention and Steering), a white-box defense framework that performs runtime safety detection and representation-level mitigation for CLI agents. Unlike conventional agent guardrails, Agent MechSuits detects harmful execution states from step-level hidden representations and mitigates unsafe behavior by intervening in a 10-dimensional subspace within a single layer. To support this research, we introduce the Mechanistic Agent Safety (MAS) benchmark, comprising comprehensively annotated multi-turn execution trajectories across 194 tasks using LLaMA-3.1-8B, Qwen-2.5-7B, and Gemma-2-9B. Extensive experiments show that Agent MechSuits achieves strong safety detection performance, provides preliminary evidence for lookahead risk anticipation, and substantially reduces harmful actions of the CLI agent, establishing a foundation for applying mechanistic interpretability to dynamic LLM agent safety.

cs.AI · cs.SE

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16149

HyperPage: Learned Page Layouts for Disk-Resident Graph Vector Indexes

Xinyu Zhang, Jingze Li, Baihua Zheng, Weiwei Sun

原文摘要

Disk-resident graph indexes such as DiskANN store each vector with its graph edges as one record on SSD pages. A search needs the page of every record it expands, so its page reads depend on the page layout, that is, which records share a page. Search agents trained with reinforcement learning query one such index run after run, and every graph traversal can be logged with the records it expands. We therefore use the logs of a finished run to lay out the index for a declared memory budget, so later runs read fewer pages. In contrast, existing layouts such as Starling and MARGO are computed from the graph and vectors and use no logs. Learning a layout from logs is challenging, because the logs must stay valid under every layout, the saving depends on what the budget caches, and the best layout is NP-hard to find. Our key observation is that DiskANN-style search routes on in-memory codes and the records it expands, never on their page-mates. As a result, the logged traversals price every layout by replay, and cached records add no page reads. Accordingly, we propose HyperPage, which first builds layouts for the declared budget on the logged traversals of uncached records. It then selects one layout, together with the budget split between hot records and a page cache, by replaying validation steps. In addition, a Lagrangian lower bound shows how far a layout may be from the optimum. We learn from one Search-R1 agent run and test on a later run with a different reward, over 1M and 21M passages. Across seven cache budgets, HyperPage reads 5.2% to 21.2% fewer pages than MARGO, and no compared layout reads fewer. The advantage is largest when the cache is small. For example, at 1% of the 1M index, MARGO needs nearly 3 times the budget to read as few pages. On the 21M index, HyperPage also cuts search time per step by up to 10.4%. The saving holds for a second agent model and a second corpus.

cs.DB · cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16148

Calibrated Early Termination with Bounded Optimality Gaps for Constrained Vector Search

Xinyu Zhang, Jingze Li, Baihua Zheng, Weiwei Sun

原文摘要

Vector search over learned embeddings is the retrieval layer of recommendation and retrieval-augmented generation, and many applications cap how many answer items one category may contribute. Graph indexes answer a query by best-first traversal, and where it stops determines its cost and whether its answer is exact. We study early termination for such constrained $k$-nearest-neighbor ($k$-NN) queries, with plain $k$-NN as a special case, and seek the cheapest stopping rule whose answer is exact with probability at least $1-\varepsilon$. Learned early-termination methods instead target average recall, which does not guarantee exact answers. Multiple testing can calibrate any parameterized stopping rule to our target, but it cannot tell how much a better rule with the same risk and observations would save. Answering this needs a lower bound on the optimum of a rule family too large to enumerate, valid for the query population. Our key idea is to declare the observations a rule may use and to consider every rule monotone in them. Risk-constrained stopping then becomes a linear program over an order polytope, whose Lagrangian minimizers form a nested chain of staircase rules computed exactly by dynamic programming. Fixed-sequence binomial tests along this chain calibrate our rule, CaST, whose failure probability is at most $\varepsilon$ with confidence $1-δ$. Lagrangian weak duality bounds the optimum of the declared class from below at all risk levels at once, without a union bound over the rules. On two datasets of one million items each, CaST replayed on logged searches costs at most 1.132 times the class optimum for risk levels from 0.03 to 0.10, at 95% joint confidence per setting. Larger savings thus need a rule outside the class. At a common risk target on held-out queries, CaST is faster than every other calibrated rule we time, which take 4.8% to 45.5% more mean time.

cs.DB · cs.IR · cs.LG

版本更新 · v4arXiv:2605.25246

FrontierOR: Benchmarking LLMs' Capacity for Efficient Algorithm Design in Large-Scale Optimization

Minwei Kong, Chonghe Jiang, Ao Qu, Wenbin Ouyang, Zhaoming Zeng, Xiaotong Guo, Zhekai Li, Junyi Li 等 27 位作者

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for optimization modeling and solver-code generation, yet practical operations research and optimization problems often require a harder capability: designing scalable algorithms that exploit problem structure and outperform direct formulation-and-solve baselines. Existing benchmarks are limited to small or simplified examples far below real-world scale and complexity. We introduce FrontierOR, the first literature-grounded benchmark targeting LLM-generated algorithm efficiency on realistic large-scale optimization problems. FrontierOR includes 180 diverse tasks, each derived from a paper published in a top-tier operations research venue, with standardized instances and a hidden, expert-verified evaluation suite. We evaluate recent LLMs' one-shot algorithm generation and improvements achieved through several self-evolving frameworks. The results show that current models still struggle to move from executable formulations to efficient optimization algorithms. Even the strongest LLM succeeds on only 39% of Full-set task instances, where success is defined as returning a feasible solution with an objective gap of at most 1% relative to Gurobi within its runtime. On the Hard subset, test-time evolution raises this proportion from 51% for the strongest one-shot model to 78%. FrontierOR provides a continuously maintained testbed for evaluating LLM-designed optimization algorithms under a shared protocol and controlled computational settings. Code and data are publicly released at https://github.com/Minw913/FrontierOR.

cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16003

Fit-LRP: Fitting Linear Relaxations to Polytopes for Neural Network Verification over Non-Convex Regions

Brian Yarbrough, Jesse Wayment, Jingbo Wang, Philip E. Paré, Shreyas Sundaram

原文摘要

State-of-the-art neural network verifiers evaluate linear relaxations over axis-aligned bounding boxes. However, verification domains in cyber-physical systems are rarely boxes. Reachability specifications, obstacle-avoidance constraints, and neural Lyapunov certificates typically yield oblique or non-convex polyhedral regions, over which box-based bounds become extremely loose. This paper proposes Fit-LRP (Fitting Linear Relaxations to Polytopes), a framework the implements exact optimization of affine bounds over non-convex domains (represented by unions of polytopes) by solving a sequence of small, low-dimensional linear programs. Our approach seamlessly enhances the final optimization step of LiRPA and $α,\! β$-CROWN branch-and-bound (BaB) algorithms. In BaB verification, approximating oblique constraints with axis-aligned splits causes severe combinatorial blowup and risks non-termination. By optimizing the final affine bound of a nonlinear function over the exact polyhedral state-space constraints our method eliminates box-induced over-approximations, enabling earlier search-tree pruning. On ARCH-COMP and neural Lyapunov benchmarks, Fit-LRP reduces branching on the hardest region by $47\times$, cuts worst-case verification time by $15\times$, and with region-wise partitioning, verifies on a single CPU $6.1\times$ faster than $α,\! β$-CROWN on a GPU.

cs.LG · cs.AI · eess.SY · math.OC

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.15949

Efficient Influence Minimization via Source-Integrated Sampling

Jingbang Chen, Junyao Wang

原文摘要

Influence minimization by node blocking is a fundamental problem in graph data management that seeks a small set of vertices whose removal minimizes the expected spread from a fixed source set. It supports decisions about where to intervene in large interaction networks to control harmful propagation, such as the spread of rumors and infectious diseases. Under the Independent Cascade (IC) model, selecting blockers requires comparing a large number of candidate sets, and estimating their effects on propagation can be costly. We propose SIG (Source-Integrated Greedy), a sampling framework for efficiently finding high-quality approximate solutions. Our key idea is to group the possible sets of neighbors directly activated by the sources according to their effects on blocker selection. SIG represents these groups in a compact weighted tree and computes their probabilities directly, allowing each sample to account for all source outcomes without enumerating them. We prove that SIG produces unbiased estimates of the lower-bound objective without increasing variance for fixed blocking plans, and establish a high-probability quality guarantee through independent validation. Extensive experiments on real-world networks show that SIG has the lowest mean total running time in all main comparisons, with speedups of up to 583x over the fastest baseline. SIG produces solutions competitive with those of prior methods and achieves the highest influence reduction in multiple settings, including on many of the largest networks, where several baselines exceed the runtime limit. Additional experiments show that SIG maintains consistently low running times as graph size and the blocking budget increase, while delivering stronger blocking solutions at larger budgets.

cs.SI · cs.DS

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.15766

Prior-as-Skill: Remember Outside and Read Inside with On-Policy Self-Distillation for Self-Evolving VLM Agents

Yan Lin, Jingyu Sun, Yifei Qian, Zhengtao Yao, Yuxia Wang, Daizong Liu, Chun Pong Lau, Zhongliang Guo 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Self-evolving visual agents keep what they learn as skills: key frames with step notes on a task's steps and their order. On-policy self-distillation (OPSD) is now a popular way to train such skills into a vision-language model that matches, on its own answers, a teacher that also reads the written order. At deployment, frames often go missing or show an unusual order, as when a person or a website reorders the steps. Existing internalization methods keep any order they store in the frame-reading weights: trained on full frames, the model guesses when they are missing, and trained with frames withheld, it stores the order, so memory can override what it sees. We propose PriorSplit, which fills in missing frames from an order kept outside the model, with no training beyond OPSD. It counts which of two neighboring steps comes first in training episodes, and the model checks if both asked steps are in view: if so, it answers from the frames, and otherwise the counts answer. Extensive experiments on synthetic skills with five models and on step-tagged order questions in new episodes of seen web, cooking and egocentric tasks demonstrate that, with frames missing, PriorSplit outperforms every compared method at OPSD's training cost. With Qwen3-VL-4B on synthetic skills, it also stays close to OPSD on unusual orders, where methods that gain most by storing the order fall behind.

cs.CV · cs.AI