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版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.02349

GlyphAnchor: Enhancing Visual Text Rendering via Position-Anchored Glyph Priors

Qiang Xiang, Shuang Sun, Binglei Li, Yibo Chen, Xu Tang, Yao Hu, Junping Zhang

原文摘要

Rendering accurate text remains difficult for image generation and editing models, especially when the target contains long, complex, and densely arranged text or rare characters. Existing approaches either improve native text rendering through stronger backbones and data-centric training without explicit glyph priors, or incorporate glyph priors through specialized designs that remain insufficiently accurate and robust under challenging scenarios. We introduce GlyphAnchor, a novel text-rendering enhancement method for both text-to-image and image-editing diffusion transformer models. GlyphAnchor enhances the backbone with lightweight glyph patch conditions whose positions are anchored to the target image through the model's native positional encoding. We train this capability with staged supervised finetuning and further refine it with text-aware post-training to improve robustness. We also introduce InfoTextBench, a benchmark for evaluating text-rich visual text rendering in both generation and editing settings. Experiments across multiple backbones and benchmarks, including long, complex, and densely arranged text and rare character scenarios, show that GlyphAnchor consistently improves text fidelity while preserving overall image quality.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2602.13585

Diff-Aid: Inference-time Adaptive Interaction Denoising for Rectified Text-to-Image Generation

Binglei Li, Mengping Yang, Zhiyu Tan, Qiang Xiang, Junping Zhang, Hao Li

原文摘要

Recent text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have achieved remarkable advancement, yet faithfully following complex textual descriptions remains challenging due to insufficient interactions between textual and visual features. Prior approaches enhance such interactions via architectural design or handcrafted textual condition weighting, but lack flexibility and overlook the dynamic interactions across different blocks and denoising stages. To provide a more flexible and efficient solution to this problem, we propose Diff-Aid, a lightweight inference-time method that adaptively adjusts per-token text and image interactions across transformer blocks and denoising timesteps. Beyond improving generation quality, Diff-Aid yields interpretable modulation patterns that reveal how different blocks, timesteps, and textual tokens contribute to semantic alignment during denoising. As a plug-and-play module, Diff-Aid can be seamlessly integrated into downstream applications for further improvement, including style LoRAs, controllable generation, and zero-shot editing. Experiments on strong baselines (SD 3.5 and FLUX) demonstrate consistent improvements in prompt adherence, visual quality, and human preference across various metrics. Our code and models will be released.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.15059

Test-Time Selective Adaptation for Cross-Modal UAV Object Tracking with Token Shift

Yun Xiao, Hailong Ye, Zhicheng Zhao, Lei Liu, Amir Hussain

原文摘要

Cross-modal unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) object tracking faces modality-induced appearance discrepancies and abrupt target-position shifts that can arise from modality switching, UAV motion, and inter-sensor offsets. Although existing methods model modality and spatial variations, they primarily rely on offline representation learning and offer limited localization-oriented adaptation during testing. To address these challenges, we propose Test-Time Selective Adaptation with Token Shift (TSAT), which derives spatial and temporal adaptation signals from unlabeled test sequences for online optimization. Specifically, we design a controllable token shift auxiliary task, which imposes explicit spatial correspondence between predefined token translations and resultant localization offsets, generating stable annotation-free spatial adaptation signals. Furthermore, we introduce a temporal backward prediction auxiliary task to exploit frame-wise temporal dependencies, effectively mitigating cumulative localization errors in continuous tracking. To suppress interference from unreliable tracking samples, we develop a reliability-aware update gating strategy to screen valid adaptation signals and stabilize online parameter updates. Experiments on CM-UOT demonstrate that TSAT achieves state-of-the-art performance against existing test-time adaptation methods, exhibiting superior robustness under frequent modality switching and severe spatial displacement. Experiments across tracking frameworks and datasets further validate the effectiveness and generalization capability of TSAT.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2604.23195

AnalogRetriever: Learning Cross-Modal Representations for Analog Circuit Retrieval

Yihan Wang, Lei Li, Yao Lai, Jing Wang, Yan Lu

原文摘要

Analog circuit design relies heavily on reusing existing intellectual property (IP), yet searching across heterogeneous representations such as SPICE netlists, schematics, and functional descriptions remains challenging. Existing methods are largely limited to exact matching within a single modality, failing to capture cross-modal semantic relationships. To bridge this gap, we present AnalogRetriever, a unified tri-modal retrieval framework for analog circuit search. We first build a high-quality dataset on top of Masala-CHAI through a two-stage repair pipeline that raises the netlist compile rate from 22.0\% to 99.97\%. Built on this foundation, AnalogRetriever encodes schematics and descriptions with a vision-language model and netlists with a port-aware relational graph convolutional network, mapping all three modalities into a shared embedding space via curriculum contrastive learning. Experiments show that AnalogRetriever achieves an average Recall@1 of 75.2\% across all six cross-modal retrieval directions, significantly outperforming existing baselines. When integrated into the AnalogCoder agentic framework as a retrieval-augmented generation module, it consistently improves functional pass rates and enables previously unsolved tasks to be completed.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.13572

Market-Conditioned JEPA: Learning from Unpredictable Market Shocks

Yuqi Wang, Fengyuan Liu, Mukai Li, Haochen Luo, Lei Li, Qi Liu

原文摘要

Much of the variation in financial time series is driven by market-wide shocks that cannot be predicted from an asset's own history. Per-asset self-supervised learning treats this variation as irreducible noise. Under a latent factor model, we show that conditioning prediction on the realized market factor makes the asset's market exposure necessary for optimal prediction, while reducing the noise against which the asset-specific component is learned. Building on this insight, we introduce Market-Conditioned JEPA (MC-JEPA), a joint-embedding predictive architecture for financial time series. During training, we construct a leave-one-out market condition for each asset from the future target embeddings of other assets and incorporate it through factor loadings derived from the asset's own representation. On 11 years of minute-level Chinese A-share data, MC-JEPA improves over per-asset JEPA across nine targets spanning returns, market exposure, risk, and liquidity, with the strongest and most statistically significant gains in exposure, risk, and liquidity. It achieves the best RankIC on all liquidity targets and on return horizons from two hours to five days, outperforming time-series foundation models and self-supervised baselines, and delivers the best portfolio performance in a historical backtest. Ablations show that the return and exposure gains require the condition to be aligned with the realized market movement. After restoring the volatility scale removed by normalization, the predictor's factor loadings rank stocks by market beta nearly as well as a supervised probe, without labels. A synthetic factor-model study with known parameters shows that conditioning improves the recovery of both market exposure and the asset-specific component.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.CE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12180

TS-GEAR: Taobao Shangou GEnerative Ad Retrieval

Guofeng Tong, Xu Zhang, Guangliang Yu, Haiqiang Wang, Guannan Cong, Xing Guo, Yang Zhou, Jingjing Duan 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

On-demand delivery platforms such as DoorDash and Uber Eats impose a constraint absent in traditional e-commerce: merchants beyond the user's delivery range are invalid candidates rather than merely low-ranked. Generative retrieval has recently shown strong potential in large-scale retrieval systems. Adapting it to this setting, however, poses three challenges. First, existing semantic IDs encode geography only as a soft signal, so reachability can only rely on a non-differentiable post-generation hard truncation. Second, user preferences vary substantially across both regions and queries, so aggregating historical behaviors without conditioning on geography and the current query yields biased interest estimates. Third, the retrieved candidate set is evaluated by its collective value, yet autoregressive training scores each sequence independently, with no set-level signal to discourage redundant near-duplicates. To address the challenges, we propose TS-GEAR, a unified generative retrieval framework for on-demand delivery: (1) Geo-Semantic ID splits merchant identifiers into geographic prefixes and semantic suffixes, making reachability a prediction target rather than a post-hoc filter; (2) Query-Geo Target Attention aggregates historical behaviors using the real-time query and location as dual targets, while encoding each behavior's own location into its attention key; (3) GMPO (Group Marginal Policy Optimization) rewrites advantages using a deduplicated group reward and marginal advantage within GRPO, avoiding auxiliary diversity objectives. Deployed online with a lightweight 0.1B backbone, TS-GEAR serves over 150 million queries per day in the search advertising pipeline of Taobao Shangou, consistently outperforming state-of-the-art generative retrieval methods on both HitRate and geographic validity, and achieving 3.8% gains in ad impressions and 4.2% in ad revenue.

cs.IR · cs.AI · cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11817

VeilTune: Secure Fine-Tuning of Private LoRA Adapters on Public Pretrained Language Models

Huiyu Xie, Tanping Zhou, Tao Hu, Xinlei Liu, Hailong Ma

原文摘要

Fine-tuning public pretrained language models with lightweight adapters such as LoRA has become the mainstream way to adapt them to downstream tasks. A service provider often trains its adapter on a data owner's samples, so two assets need protection: the data owner's samples and the provider's adapter. Existing secure fine-tuning protocols protect the samples but reveal to the data owner intermediate results of every training step, such as the hidden representations or logits of its inputs. We show that a single step suffices to copy the adapter: from the hidden representations of one mini-batch of 32 samples, the data owner fits an adapter that agrees with the provider's on 99.2% of test inputs, and logits alone yield about 94%. Protecting both assets therefore requires that no value that depends on the adapter be revealed throughout training. We present VeilTune, to the best of our knowledge the first protocol that fine-tunes a pretrained language model with backpropagation entirely in secure multi-party computation (MPC). VeilTune computes only what the loss depends on, replaces generic MPC operators with training-aware nonlinear operators that stay accurate on the values that training produces, and obliviously skips the steps corrupted by truncation failures. On four few-shot tasks with RoBERTa-large, VeilTune nearly matches plaintext training and is 5.3 points more accurate on average than SecP-Tuning, the state-of-the-art secure fine-tuning protocol. On SST-2, it achieves a 3.5x end-to-end speedup and a 3.6x reduction in communication over SecP-Tuning, and 26x and 17x over full fine-tuning in MPC.

cs.CR · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2505.24098

HARDTESTGEN: A High-Quality RL Verifier Generation Pipeline for LLM Algorithmic Coding

Zhongmou He, Yee Man Choi, Kexun Zhang, Jiabao Ji, Junting Zhou, Dejia Xu, Ivan Bercovich, Aidan Zhang 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Verifiers provide important reward signals for reinforcement learning of large language models (LLMs). However, it is challenging to develop or create reliable verifiers, especially for code generation tasks. A well-disguised wrong solution program may only be detected by carefully human-written edge cases that are difficult to synthesize automatically. To address this issue, we propose HARDTESTGEN, an approach to synthesize high-quality test cases for algorithmic coding problems. We curate a comprehensive algorithmic programming dataset HARDTESTS with 26.6k problems and high-quality synthetic tests. Compared with existing tests, HARDTESTGEN tests demonstrate significantly higher accuracy in verifying LLM-generated code (+11.22 percentage points in precision, the percentage of actually correct code within the predicted correct ones). We also show that downstream post-training -- including rejection sampling and reinforcement learning (RL) -- using HARDTESTS verifier results in improved performance of LLM code generation. We open-source our dataset and synthesis pipeline at https://leililab.github.io/HardTests/.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11532

DriveFoundry: Co-Evolving Data and Model for Efficient Closed-Loop Iteration in Autonomous Driving

Ziyang Yao, Yuncheng Jiang, Fang Li, Haochen Liu, Shaoqing Xu, Wen Zhang, Xiangyang Chu, Zibin Guo 等 27 位作者

原文摘要

A driving foundation model must learn reusable decision knowledge from rare critical events and apply it under strict runtime constraints. We introduce DriveFoundry, a closed-loop framework improving iteration efficiency under data and computation budgets by coupling structured causal data refinement with adaptive inference. The Data Engine builds traceable scene-candidate records linking scene evidence and factor-decision relations to candidate trajectories and outcome assessments. Candidate comparisons and counterfactual annotations clarify how scene factors affect behavioral feasibility and preference. Verified model failures guide VLM-assisted annotation and expert correction, refining training data and annotation systems. The model engine, Xiaomi-Drive-o1, unifies Perception, Causation, Action, World, and Value within a shared vision-language backbone to enable cross-task knowledge transfer. Block-wise latent refill passes candidate-specific evidence and predicted visual consequences between task blocks, connecting scene understanding, planning, and evaluation. A learned value-of-computation head selects tasks and allocates latent tokens based on expected benefit and cost, adapting inference to each decision. On PhysicalAI, the 9B model achieves the lowest ADE@1 across evaluated splits and horizons among tested models. In AlpaSim, it outperforms Alpamayo 1.5 across all metrics and achieves lower close-encounter and off-road rates than the 34B Alpamayo 2 Super, while trailing in progress and AlpaSim scores. For the 0.8B variant, joint training reduces 5 s minADE@6 by about 54% without altering the inference path or token budget. Adaptive inference matches full reasoning performance using only 28% of tokens. Real-vehicle tests confirm runtime feasibility, supporting a unified paradigm for learning from critical experience and dynamically allocating computation.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11043

GARDEN: Efficient GPU-Accelerated Billion-Scale GNN Training via Caching-Sampling-Batching Co-Design

Qingrui Zhu, Lei Liu, Yushu Cai, Kai Sheng, Zhiwen Chen, Xin He

原文摘要

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown impressive performance in diverse tasks such as social network analysis and recommendation systems. However, scaling their training to billion-edge graphs is hindered by the memory wall: GPU memory capacity falls short of the massive storage requirements for node features and topology. Sampling-based GNN training frameworks mitigate this by streaming subgraphs from CPU to GPU, but they incur prohibitive PCIe data transfers and non-coalesced memory accesses, resulting in bandwidth underutilization and low compute efficiency. We propose GARDEN, a GPU-accelerated sampling-based system that co-designs caching, sampling, and batching to eliminate these bottlenecks. GARDEN introduces three key innovations: (1) an Adaptive High-Fidelity Cache Allocator (AHFCA) that combines offline reuse profiling and online hotness tracking to dynamically cache features and adjacency lists within a fixed GPU memory budget, avoiding static allocation waste; (2) a Grouping-based Parallel Sampler that reorders stochastic neighborhood accesses(GPS) to maximize warp occupancy and hide latency on power-law graphs; and (3) a Super-batch Degree Classifier(SDC) that fuses mini-batches into degree-homogeneous groups, enabling cache-friendly coalesced transfers and high GPU utilization. Evaluations on real-world billion-scale graphs demonstrate that GARDEN achieves 4.54x, 1.27x, and 2.97x end-to-end training speedups over DGL-UVA, DUCATI, and FastGL, respectively, while maintaining model convergence and accuracy.

cs.DC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.09355

MosaicIMU: Composing Carrier Experts for Generalizable Neural Inertial Odometry

Junye Zou, Huiyi Yan, Xinning Xu, Xiaolei Li, Pengkun Zhou, Jinhui Zhang, Ziyang Meng

原文摘要

Robust inertial odometry is essential for various carriers when external sensing is unreliable. Learning-based methods reduce integration drift by capturing local motion priors, but these methods often remain tied to a particular carrier, limiting generalization across heterogeneous platforms. We present MosaicIMU, a carrier-conditioned Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) pretraining-and-adaptation framework for generalizable neural inertial odometry. MosaicIMU uses a prototype-based router to compose carrier-specific expert features, decodes local velocity and uncertainty constraints, and integrates them with a history-aware EKF. For unseen domain adaptation, it freezes the pretrained base model and learns a new lightweight expert residual branch. For edge-deployment, it further reuses the router to select informative online samples for efficient incremental updates. Experiments show that MosaicIMU consistently outperforms learning-based baselines, reducing average ATE and RTE-10s by 40% and 34%, respectively. These results highlight that MosaicIMU provides a scalable pretraining-to-deployment paradigm for generalizable and adaptive neural inertial odometry.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.30015

参数化技能

Parametric Skills

Xuan Zhao, Haonan He, Qingyu Yang, Minglei Li, Zelin Tan, Bo Wan, Jingqi Ye, Chen Zhang 等 10 位作者

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出 ParametricSkills 框架，在测试时将文本技能转化为 LoRA 适配器，实现无需占用上下文的技能全生命周期管理。

cs.CL

arXiv ↗PDF ↗
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For LLMs, skills are textual recipes encoding mature problem-solving experience. Despite widespread deployment, their utility is limited by the model's ability to comprehend and follow skill instructions. To address this limitation, we propose ParametricSkills, a framework that parameterizes textual skills at test time, enabling context-free management of the full skill lifecycle. Specifically, we first construct a large-scale and high-quality skill collection, and then synthesize single-turn and multi-turn skill-exploitation trajectories. Using this data, we then train a hypernetwork that parameterizes both the content and the exploitation methodologies of skills by converting textual skills into LoRA adapters. To facilitate the real-world application of our framework, we further align the hypernetwork on complex, long-horizon trajectories collected with OpenCode, enabling the models to operate reliably in realistic interactive workflows with ParametricSkills. Across evaluations, ParametricSkills effectively parameterizes skills, yielding substantial gains in task completion. More notably, as parametric skills accumulate as adapters rather than crowding the context, they open a preliminary but promising path toward continual learning at test time.

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2606.08043

OmniFaceRig: Fully Automatic Inner-Mouth-Aware Face Rigging Across Diverse 3D Character Topologies

Chao Wang, Guangyao Ma, John Doublestein, Junming Chen, Yiming Lin, Zhaoen Su, Xiaomin Luo, Yushan Yin 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

Facial rigging--creating Facial Action Coding System (FACS) blendshapes and inner-mouth geometry (teeth, gums, and tongue)--remains a major bottleneck in 3D character production. We present OmniFaceRig, a fully automatic end-to-end pipeline that converts a static surface-only 3D character mesh, with no pre-modeled oral cavity, into an inner-mouth-aware FACS rig with up to 155 blendshapes, procedurally fitted teeth, gums, and tongue, and re-packed UV/texture. It supports humans, humanoids, and long- and short-muzzled animals with no manual landmarks, user-provided templates, or per-asset setup. OmniFaceRig combines a hybrid vision-language and computer vision riggability checker, a four-model face segmentation ensemble, keypoint-driven template registration, procedural inner-mouth construction, and collision-aware blendshape transfer. For non-human characters, it selects topology-specific templates with a nose-landmark-free design and uses as-rigid-as-possible deformation with signed-distance-field constraints to reduce teeth-face intersections. We also introduce Omni-Bench, an open-source benchmark of more than 1,000 biped 3D characters rigged with FACS blendshapes and inner-mouth geometry, spanning humans, humanoids, cats, dogs, and other animals. Experiments show high rigging success, nearly complete face detection recall, low inner-mouth penetration, and 20-30 s end-to-end latency per asset on a single A100 GPU.

cs.GR · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04493

Physical Diffusion Policy via MPM-Guided 3D Gaussian Simulation

Can Wang, Qiyuan Qiao, Lei Liu, Ge Yuan, Xinhui Liu, Dong Xu

原文摘要

Learning robust manipulation policies for diverse everyday objects remains challenging because objects with different materials exhibit distinct deformation and contact dynamics. While diffusion policies provide a powerful framework for modeling multimodal manipulation behaviors, they typically lack explicit physical reasoning and may produce averaged actions when facing heterogeneous objects. We present a physics-aware diffusion policy that augments visual imitation learning with object physical understanding. Our framework recovers material properties from visual demonstrations by coupling 3D Gaussian Splatting with differentiable Material Point Method simulation, where video guidance and particle-level constraints enable accurate physical parameter estimation. The estimated physics conditions are further integrated into a material-aware Mixture-of-Experts diffusion policy, allowing adaptive behavior generation across different physical regimes. For practical deployment, we introduce a physics memory bank that provides efficient physical retrieval without requiring online simulation optimization. Experiments on a wide range of simulated and real-world objects demonstrate improved manipulation success and generalization over existing diffusion-based approaches. These results show that incorporating physical knowledge is critical for scalable robot manipulation in diverse environments.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.04503

DiffCap-Bench: A Comprehensive, Challenging, Robust Benchmark for Image Difference Captioning

Yuancheng Wei, Haojie Zhang, Linli Yao, Lei Li, Jiali Chen, Tao Huang, Yiting Lu, Duojun Huang 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Image Difference Captioning (IDC) generates natural language descriptions that precisely identify differences between two images, serving as a key benchmark for fine-grained change perception, cross-modal reasoning, and image editing data construction. However, existing benchmarks lack diversity and compositional complexity, and standard lexical-overlap metrics (e.g., BLEU, METEOR) fail to capture semantic consistency or penalize hallucinations, which together prevent a comprehensive and robust evaluation of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) on IDC. To address these gaps, we introduce DiffCap-Bench, a comprehensive IDC benchmark covering ten distinct difference categories to ensure diversity and compositional complexity. Furthermore, we propose an LLM-as-a-Judge evaluation protocol grounded in human-validated Difference Lists, enabling a robust assessment of models' ability to both capture and describe visual changes. Through extensive evaluation of state-of-the-art MLLMs, we reveal significant performance gaps between proprietary and open-source models, highlight the critical importance of reasoning capability, and identify clear limitations in model scaling. Our framework also demonstrates strong alignment with human expert judgments and strong correlation with downstream image editing data construction quality. These findings establish DiffCap-Bench as both a reliable IDC evaluation framework and a practical predictor of downstream utility. The benchmark and code will be made publicly available to support further research.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.40256

When Requirements Interact: Scaling Long-Horizon Coding via Interdependent Specifications

Yishuo Cai, Minzheng Wang, Liang Zhao, Linghao Zhang, Lei Li, Shicheng Li, Xu Sun, Fuli Luo

原文摘要

To succeed in real-world long-horizon software development, coding agents must satisfy multi-dimensional task specifications, such as interface compatibility and error handling, and do so without breaking existing dependencies. However, current works lack specification in both quantity and diversity, often emphasizing primary goals while ignoring complex constraints. Synthesizing tasks to bridge this gap presents two challenges: naively adding specifications risks reducing tasks to trivial checklists rather than compelling joint reasoning, and verifying these subtle interactions risks overlooking hidden flaws or rejecting valid alternatives. To address these challenges, we introduce CodeSpecWeave, a framework for synthesizing tasks with rich, interdependent specifications. Grounded in real developer seeds, a synthesis agent iteratively develops both coupled task requirements and executable tests, while a review agent audits solution trajectories from multiple models to guarantee test reliability. Using this pipeline, we construct 4,670 training tasks across 2,865 repositories. Applying Reinforcement learning on these tasks significantly improves performance over the base model on DeepSWE-v1.1, largely outperforming existing baselines. Furthermore, we curate CodeSpecWeave-Bench, a rigorous benchmark comprising 100 tasks and 1,044 specifications, which clearly separates frontier models and reveals significant headroom in handling interdependent engineering constraints.

cs.SE · cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.39558

TabCUQ: Context-Uncertainty Quantification for Tabular Foundation Models

Yuebei Shi, Molei Liu, Zijian Guo

原文摘要

Tabular foundation models use in-context learning to estimate conditional expected outcomes and average treatment effects for specific groups of individuals. Using these estimates to guide scientific decisions requires reliable uncertainty quantification. The challenge is to account simultaneously for two sources of uncertainty: limited-context bias and context variation arising from the small labeled sample supplied at inference. Predictive spread does not directly quantify both sources of uncertainty, and we observe that the ordinary bootstrap may substantially overestimate context variation, whereas subsampling may underestimate it. We introduce TabCUQ, a perturbation-based framework that injects noise into observed outcomes and applies the foundation model to the perturbed contexts. TabCUQ estimates context variation using wild-bootstrap dispersion and accounts for limited-context bias using the maximum deviation between perturbed and original estimates. For a kernel-regression analogue whose estimation error admits an exact decomposition into these two components, we show that our framework provides asymptotically valid pointwise coverage. In simulations, TabCUQ substantially improves coverage, with average interval widths typically about twice those of an oracle bias-aware benchmark. Across seven real-world tasks, it also improves coverage of reference functions learned from much larger samples.

stat.ML · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.38391

SCOPE: Selective Critical-Step On-Policy Self-Distillation for Agentic Reinforcement Learning

Qirui Liu, Wei Cao, Yu Mi, Yichen Sun, Xuekun Zhang, Lei Liu, Yue Shen, Zhixuan Chu

原文摘要

Outcome-based reinforcement learning provides coarse supervision for long-horizon LLM agents: failed trajectories may contain correct steps, while successful trajectories can contain errors. Trajectory-level skills can also shift teacher preferences at unrelated steps, introducing off-target distillation signals. We introduce SCOPE, a framework for Selective Critical-Step On-Policy Self-Distillation. After a supervised warm-up, the policy analyzes its own trajectories, generates step-specific hindsight skills, and distills their guidance only at selected error steps. A bounded signed teacher-student coefficient stabilizes auxiliary updates while preserving positive reinforcement and negative correction. A success-relative pairwise length reward further encourages efficient task completion. Experiments on ALFWorld and WebShop demonstrate consistent improvements across multiple model backbones. With Qwen2.5-3B, SCOPE achieves 97.7% success on ALFWorld and 85.2% on WebShop, outperforming SEED by 5.9 and 6.3 percentage points, respectively. On unseen ALFWorld tasks, SCOPE reaches 89.6% success, improving over GRPO by 23.2 percentage points with 46.7% fewer interactions. Scaling to Qwen3-32B, SCOPE achieves 99.2% success on seen ALFWorld tasks and 94.0% on unseen tasks.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v4arXiv:2505.00940

StablePCA: Distributionally Robust Learning of Shared Representations from Multi-Source Data

Zhenyu Wang, Molei Liu, Jing Lei, Francis Bach, Zijian Guo

原文摘要

When synthesizing multi-source high-dimensional data, a key objective is to extract low-dimensional representations that effectively approximate the original features across different sources. Such representations facilitate the discovery of transferable structures and help mitigate systematic biases such as batch effects. We introduce Stable Principal Component Analysis (StablePCA), a distributionally robust framework for constructing stable latent representations by maximizing the worst-case explained variance over multiple sources. A primary challenge in extending classical PCA to the multi-source setting lies in the nonconvex rank constraint, which renders the StablePCA formulation a nonconvex optimization problem. To overcome this challenge, we conduct a convex relaxation of StablePCA and develop an efficient Mirror-Prox algorithm to solve the relaxed problem, with global convergence guarantees. Since the relaxed problem generally differs from the original formulation, we further introduce a data-dependent certificate to assess how well the algorithm solves the original nonconvex problem and establish the condition under which the relaxation is tight. Finally, we explore alternative distributionally robust formulations of multi-source PCA based on different loss functions.

cs.LG · math.OC · stat.CO · stat.ME

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.16914

FOCUS: A Subspecialty Foundation Model for Intraoperative Central Nervous System Pathology

Xing Liu, Yifan Guo, Hongtai Lv, Lei Lou, Yuyi Tan, Jiang Du, Xijia Zhang, Ming Zhang 等 21 位作者

原文摘要

Intraoperative frozen-section diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) lesions guides surgical decisions but is challenged by artefacts, diagnostic complexity and time constraints. Most pathology foundation models have limited exposure to CNS frozen tissue. Here we present FOCUS, a subspecialty foundation model pretrained on 27,930 frozen-section whole-slide images enriched for CNS tissue. FOCUS ranked first across all 11 diagnostic and 12 biomarker-prediction tasks in the internal test cohort, achieving mean AUCs of 0.969 and 0.877, respectively. This advantage was retained in the temporal and external test cohorts. We further organized a WHO-aligned diagnostic hierarchy, where FOCUS also outperformed comparator models. In a reader study, FOCUS assistance enabled junior readers to approach or exceed unassisted senior readers in hierarchical diagnostic accuracy and granularity. More importantly, FOCUS assistance enabled readers to correctly identify a mean of 63.0% of initially missed lymphoma cases (73.2% among junior readers), potentially avoiding unnecessary extensive resection. These findings highlight the potential of FOCUS to provide clinically actionable support for intraoperative CNS pathology and inform surgical decisions.

cs.CV

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首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1184ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Temp-R1: A Unified Autonomous Agent for Complex Temporal KGQA via Reverse Curriculum Reinforcement Learning

Zhaoyan Gong, Zhiqiang Liu, Songze Li, Xiaoke Guo, Yuanxiang Liu, Xinle Deng, Zhizhen Liu, Lei Liang 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering (TKGQA) is inherently challenging, as it requires sophisticated reasoning over dynamic facts with multi-hop dependencies and complex temporal constraints. Existing methods rely on fixed workflows and expensive closed-source APIs, limiting flexibility and scalability. We propose Temp-R1, the first autonomous end-to-end agent for TKGQA trained through reinforcement learning. To address cognitive overload in single-action reasoning, we expand the action space with specialized internal actions alongside external action. To prevent shortcut learning on simple questions, we introduce reverse curriculum learning that trains on difficult questions first, forcing the development of sophisticated reasoning before transferring to easier cases. Our 8B-parameter Temp-R1 achieves state-of-the-art performance on MultiTQ and TimelineKGQA, improving 19.8% over strong baselines on complex questions. Our work establishes a new paradigm for autonomous temporal reasoning agents. The code is available at https://github.com/zjukg/Temp-R1.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1218ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Inflated Excellence or True Performance? Rethinking Medical Diagnostic Benchmarks with Dynamic Evaluation

Xiangxu Zhang Renmin University of China, Lei Li, Yanyun Zhou Renmin University of China, Xiao Zhou Renmin University of China, Yingying Zhang Tencent, Xian Wu Tencent

原文摘要

Medical diagnostics is a high-stakes and complex domain that is critical to patient care. However, current evaluations of large language models (LLMs) remain limited in capturing key challenges of clinical diagnostic scenarios. Most rely on benchmarks derived from public exams, raising contamination bias that can inflate performance, and they overlook the confounded nature of real consultations beyond textbook cases. Recent dynamic evaluations offer a promising alternative, but often remain insufficient for diagnosis-oriented benchmarking, with limited coverage of clinically grounded confounders and trustworthiness beyond accuracy. To address these gaps, we propose DyReMe, a dynamic benchmark for medical diagnostics that provides a controlled and scalable stress test of diagnostic robustness. Unlike static exam-style questions, DyReMe generates fresh, consultation-style cases that incorporate clinically grounded confounders, such as differential diagnoses and common misdiagnosis factors. It also varies expression styles to capture heterogeneous patient-style descriptions. Beyond accuracy, DyReMe evaluates LLMs on three additional clinically relevant dimensions: veracity, helpfulness, and consistency. Our experiments show that this dynamic approach yields more challenging assessments and exposes substantial weaknesses of stateof-the-art LLMs under clinically confounded diagnostic settings. These findings highlight the urgent need for evaluation frameworks that better assess trustworthy medical diagnostics under clinically grounded confounders.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1289ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Collaboration of Fusion and Independence: Hypercomplex-driven Robust Multi-Modal Knowledge Graph Completion

Zhiqiang Liu, Yichi Zhang Zhejiang University, Mengshu Sun, Lei Liang, Wen Zhang Zhejiang University

原文摘要

Multi-modal knowledge graph completion (MMKGC) aims to discover missing facts in multi-modal knowledge graphs (MMKGs) by leveraging both structural relationships and diverse modality information of entities. Existing MMKGC methods follow two multi-modal paradigms: fusion-based and ensemble-based. Fusion-based methods employ fixed fusion strategies, which inevitably leads to the loss of modality-specific information and a lack of flexibility to adapt to varying modality relevance across contexts. In contrast, ensemble-based methods retain modality independence through dedicated sub-models but struggle to capture the nuanced, context-dependent semantic interplay between modalities. To overcome these dual limitations, we propose a novel MMKGC method M-Hyper, which achieves the coexistence and collaboration of fused and independent modality representations. Our method integrates the strengths of both paradigms, enabling effective cross-modal interactions while maintaining modality-specific information. Inspired by “quaternion” algebra, we utilize its four orthogonal bases to represent multiple independent modalities and employ the Hamilton product to efficiently model pair-wise interactions among them. Specifically, we introduce a Fine-grained Entity Representation Factorization (FERF) module and a Robust Relation-aware Modality Fusion (R2MF) module to obtain robust representations for three independent modalities and one fused modality. The resulting four modality representations are then mapped to the four orthogonal bases of a biquaternion for comprehensive modality interaction. Extensive experiments indicate its state-of-the-art performance with better robustness.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1309ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Read As Human: Compressing Context via Parallelizable Close Reading and Skimming

Jiwei Tang, Shilei Liu, Zhicheng Zhang, Qingsong Lv, Runsong Zhao, Tingwei Lu, Langming Liu Alibaba Group, Haibin Chen 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional capability across diverse tasks. However, their deployment in long-context scenarios is hindered by two challenges: computational inefficiency and redundant information. We propose RAM (Read As HuMan), a context compression framework that adopts an adaptive hybrid reading strategy, to address these challenges. Inspired by human reading behavior (i.e., close reading important content while skimming less relevant content), RAM partitions the context into segments and encodes them with the input query in parallel. High-relevance segments are fully retained (close reading), while low-relevance ones are query-guided compressed into compact summary vectors (skimming). Both explicit textual segments and implicit summary vectors are concatenated and fed into decoder to achieve both superior performance and natural language format interpretability. To refine the decision boundary between close reading and skimming, we further introduce a contrastive learning objective based on positive and negative query–segment pairs. Experiments demonstrate that RAM outperforms existing baselines on multiple question answering and summarization benchmarks across two backbones, while delivering up to a 12x end-to-end speedup on long inputs (average length 16K; maximum length 32K).

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1624ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

SOAR: Supervision from Observation for Agentic Reinforcement Learning

Meng Li, Lei Li Tencent, Xiting Wang Renmin University of China, Yi Yuan, Zheng Wei Tencent Technology (Beijing) Company Limited, Brucebian Tencent AI Lab, Zang Li Tencent

原文摘要

Agentic reinforcement learning enables large language models to solve long-horizon tasks by interacting with the environment and internalizing tool-use behavior into their reasoning. Prior work assigns supervision primarily based on outcome rewards or external reward models, but largely ignores environment observations, a critical source of learning. Consequently, agents may identify successful actions without understanding how the environment responds, producing suboptimal policies. To address this, we propose SOAR (Supervision from Observation for Agentic Reinforcement Learning), which assigns positive advantages to observation tokens proportional to the negative entropy of preceding actions. This encourages the agent to learn from outcomes of confident actions, grounding policy updates in environment dynamics and improving anticipation of tool-call consequences. Empirical results across three domains and 14 benchmarks show that SOAR improves performance, yielding gains of up to 7.0% on general reasoning tasks and 16.9% on deep research tasks, while reducing erroneous and inefficient tool usage.

cs.CL · cs.AI

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1779ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

CoMeT: Collaborative Memory Transformer for Efficient Long Context Modeling

Runsong Zhao, Shilei Liu, Jiwei Tang, Langming Liu Alibaba Group, Haibin Chen, Weidong Zhang Alibaba Group, Yujin Yuan, Tong Xiao Northeastern University 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

The quadratic complexity and indefinitely growing key-value (KV) cache of standard Transformers pose a major barrier to long-context processing. To overcome this, we introduce the Collaborative Memory Transformer (CoMeT), a novel architecture that enables LLMs to handle arbitrarily long sequences with constant memory usage and linear time complexity. Designed as an efficient, plug-in module, CoMeT can be integrated into pre-trained models with only minimal fine-tuning. It operates on sequential data chunks, using a dual-memory system to manage context: a temporary memory on a FIFO queue for recent events, and a global memory with a gated update rule for long-range dependencies. These memories then act as a dynamic soft prompt for the next chunk. The effectiveness of our approach is remarkable: a model equipped with CoMeT and fine-tuned on 32k contexts can accurately retrieve a passkey from any position within a 1M token sequence. On the SCROLLS benchmark, CoMeT surpasses other efficient methods and achieves performance comparable to a full-attention baseline on summarization tasks. Its practical effectiveness is further validated on real-world agent and user behavior QA tasks, supported by a novel layer-level pipeline parallel training strategy that enables fine-tuning on extremely long contexts. The code is available at: https://github.com/LivingFutureLab/Comet

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1911ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Temporal Precision Matters: Brain-Tuning Speech Language Models with Millisecond-Resolution Neural Signals

Zhejun Zhang Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Wenqing Zhou Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications, Haozhe Xu, Lin Zhang Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Lei Li Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

原文摘要

Brain-tuning enhances brain alignment and downstream performance by fine-tuning speech language models with neural recordings. However, previous work relies primarily on fMRI, whose temporal resolution integrates neural activity over seconds, blending distinct processing stages into a single supervision signal and precluding temporally targeted training. We introduce ECoG-tuning, which leverages electrocorticography’s millisecond precision to train speech language models. We design temporally targeted windows—a speech window capturing acoustic-phonetic encoding and a language window capturing higher-order linguistic processing—grounded in neuroscientific findings about temporal encoding hierarchies. Evaluating three models on the Podcast ECoG dataset, we find that ECoG-tuning significantly improves brain alignment over pretrained and distillation baselines. Notably, full spatiotemporal dynamics yield 7–17% higher alignment than time-averaged supervision across models, and language-window tuning produces larger gains in higher-order language regions, indicating that temporal precision provides additional training value. Moreover, ECoG-tuned models consistently improve or maintain downstream performance. Overall, our work provides initial evidence that electrophysiology is a viable brain-tuning modality, demonstrating how neuroscientific insights into processing hierarchies can inform principled model training strategies. Code is available at https://github.com/Mochizuki-BUPT/ECoG-Tuning-main.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.2000ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Sparse-RL: Breaking the Memory Wall in LLM Reinforcement Learning via Stable Sparse Rollouts

Sijia Luo, Xiaokang Zhang Renmin University of China, Yuxuan Hu, Bohan Zhang, Ke Wang, Jinbo Su Renmin University of China, Mengshu Sun, Lei Liang 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become essential for eliciting complex reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the substantial memory overhead of storing Key-Value (KV) caches during long-horizon rollouts acts as a critical bottleneck, often prohibiting efficient training on limited hardware. While existing KV compression techniques offer a remedy for inference, directly applying them to RL training induces a severe policy mismatch, leading to catastrophic performance collapse. To address this, we introduce Sparse-RL, which empowers stable RL training under sparse rollouts. We show that instability arises from a fundamental policy mismatch among the dense old policy, the sparse sampler policy, and the learner policy. To mitigate this issue, Sparse-RL incorporates Sparsity-Aware Rejection Sampling and Importance-based Reweighting to correct the off-policy bias introduced by compression-induced information loss. Experimental results show that Sparse-RL reduces rollout overhead compared to dense baselines while preserving the performance. Furthermore, Sparse-RL inherently implements sparsity-aware training, significantly enhancing model robustness during sparse inference deployment.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.2219ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

SELECting over Tokens: Curating Pre-training Data at Scale via Token Classification

Xin Tong Alibaba Group, Weidong Zhang Alibaba Group, Jiaang Li Alibaba Group, Haibin Chen, Shilei Liu, Langming Liu Alibaba Group, Kangtao Lv, Yujin Yuan 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

The quality of pre-training data critically impacts the capabilities of large language models. Existing pipelines rely on expert-crafted heuristic rules, which primarily operate at the sample level and are based on coarse statistical indicators, thus lacking content-aware, fine-grained noise detection. While recent generative approaches, e.g., ProX-C, enable token-level refinement, their reliance on synthesizing Python code incurs prohibitive computational cost at scale and can introduce hallucinations into the refined data. To overcome these limitations, we propose Selecting over Tokens (SelecT), a novel framework that reframes data refinement as a highly efficient token classification task. SelecT classifies each token as either informative or noisy and subsequently removes the latter. This design achieves fine-grained data optimization while avoiding the inefficiency of generation, ensuring scalability. When evaluated on diverse downstream benchmarks, the model trained on SelecT-refined corpora, on average, outperforms the one trained on raw data by over 2% and exceeds the best heuristic baselines by more than 1% while preserving 17% more tokens than the latter. Furthermore, SelecT achieves higher average performance than the generative ProX-C across all experimental settings, and is 2.5x faster at inference, even with twice the parameters. Our results establish SelecT as an effective, efficient, and scalable solution for pre-training data optimization.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.438ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

CodeEvo: Interaction-Driven Synthesis of Code-centric Data through Hybrid and Iterative Feedback

Qiushi Sun University of Hong Kong, Jingyang Gong, Lei Li School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Qipeng Guo Shanghai AI Laboratory, Fei Yuan

原文摘要

Acquiring high-quality instruction-code pairs is essential for training Large Language Models for code generation. While automated synthesis has emerged as an alternative to expensive manual curation, current approaches often rely on rigid heuristics, yielding data that is ungrounded or lacks logical complexity. We propose CodeEvo, a dual-agent architecture comprising a Coder for iterative solution synthesis and a Reviewer to orchestrate the generation trajectory. To transcend the limitations of existing heuristics, the Reviewer formulates a Schema to systematically architect logic and complexity through an interleaved synthesis of instructions and code. This process is further reinforced by a hybrid verification protocol synergizing deterministic compiler feedback with semantic evaluation. Under this framework, we construct CodeEvo-100K, a large-scale dataset of instruction–code pairs with stepped difficulty levels. Extensive experiments demonstrate that models fine-tuned on CodeEvo data significantly outperform established baselines across code generation benchmarks. In-depth analyses further provide insights into effective code-centric data synthesis. Code and data are available at https://github.com/QiushiSun/CodeEvo.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表