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版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.14009

Coding Agent Memory Post-Training II: Unlocking the Memory Potential of Pre-trained File Operations for Long-Horizon Tasks via On-Policy Distillation

Lirui Luo, Kelong Mao, Xinwei Yang, Rongqing Li, Luyu Chen, Kieran Wong, Yudong Guo, Xinrui Wang 等 13 位作者

原文摘要

Language-model agents increasingly tackle long-horizon tasks whose interaction histories exceed the model's active context. They must therefore decide what to write down and what to read back, and when to do either. Recent work has begun to use on-policy distillation (OPD) to make memory control part of the policy, relying on memory tools and compaction protocols that lie outside either model's pre-training. However, this weakens the distillation on both sides: the teacher cannot give useful guidance on an interface it has never used, and the student samples too few meaningful memory actions for that guidance to take effect. To study this problem, we introduce Coding Agent Memory Gym II (CAMG-II), a suite of long-horizon agentic-RL environments spanning Shop, Coding, AutoResearch, General, and Visual. Alongside each environment's native task interface, CAMG-II provides ordinary Bash access and an episode-persistent workspace, enabling the policy to create, revise, search, and reuse files as memory across context replacements. We also introduce Coding Agent Memory Post-Training II (CAMP-II), which trains a single policy jointly across all five environments with fully asynchronous OPD to learn this file-based memory behavior directly from a frozen teacher with a prior for file operations. On CAMG-II, CAMP-II obtains 2.97 times the gain of the strongest OPD baseline. The memory behavior CAMP-II learns generalizes to two external benchmarks, Terminal-Bench 2.1 and SWE-Bench Pro V2, with improved success rates.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.15506

KernelAudit: Contract-Aware Auditing of Validators for LLM-Generated GPU Kernels

Ziyuan Li, Zihe Song, Xiaofang Qi, Wei Yang, Tao Xie

原文摘要

The effectiveness of generating GPU kernels driven by a large language model (LLM) is highly dependent on the quality of the used validator (used to accept or reject a generated kernel candidate against the contracts of the given kernel-generation task), whose results inform reward assignment, candidate selection, and speedup claims during kernel generation. However, an existing validator suffers from various limitations, e.g., wrongly accepting a candidate due to missing its forbidden library use or wrongly rejecting a candidate due to determining its permitted library use as forbidden (constraints on library uses are stated in the task contracts). To assess the quality of a validator against the given task contracts, we propose an independent-audit approach for the validator by (1) construction of audit oracle: labeling a candidate as PASS or FAIL based on three separate dimensions in our proposed contract model (i.e., semantic correctness, implementation integrity, and measurement integrity) and (2) auditing of the validator against the audit oracle: comparing the labels of the candidate against the validation results produced by the validator. For semantic correctness, reference-calibrated stress tests check output correctness on valid inputs for a candidate. For implementation integrity, reference and candidate execution traces are used to determine specific library uses. For measurement integrity, timing checks assess whether the reported runtime reflects the full time needed to complete the candidate's computation. We apply our approach to assess the quality of six validators and 716 candidates from seven corpora, including constructed controls. The evaluation results show that our approach helps assess the existing six validators to have nontrivial false-reject rates. There is high-degree agreement between the candidate labels produced by our audit oracle and human judgments.

cs.SE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.15441

KernelMutate: Mutation-Guided Validation of Generated GPU Kernels

Ziyuan Li, Zihe Song, Shuxiao Xie, Mingfang Ji, Xiaofang Qi, Wei Yang, Tao Xie

原文摘要

Generated GPU implementations are commonly accepted after a few differential tests, although replacement obligations may remain unchecked. We present KernelMutate, an empirical study of validation reliability using controlled faults, released implementations, and replacement tests. A five-draw anchor accepts 548 of 838 CUDA candidates. The full suite finds native FP32 witnesses for 136 accepted candidates and dtype-only findings for another 362, mostly low-precision execution limitations without established publisher guarantees. Source-guided testing identifies the full suite's 692 candidates at 26.1% lower charged cost, but yields only dtype evidence for 16 accepted candidates with native witnesses in the full suite. Independently observed context and boundary findings cover the same candidate set. Task-held-out template matching reveals differences in ranking and observation coverage: global top-eight recommendations match more probes than class-conditioned lists (51 versus 48 of 75), while conditional analyses restrict the apparent advantage at smaller limits. These template-matching results are offline measurements, not deployed-suite gains. Independent controls and replacement cases expose numerical-policy, binding, and custom-execution boundaries. Validation therefore needs to report witness domains and observation coverage alongside candidate yield and cost.

cs.SE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.16175

PAL-Bench: Evidence-Grounded Profile Reconstruction from Longitudinal Personal Albums

Qiwei Yan, Zhiqiang Yuan, Zexi Jia, Nanxing Hu, Kailin Lyu, Jie Zhou, Jinchao Zhang

原文摘要

Longitudinal personal albums are weak-schema multimodal databases: noisy perceptual records whose key facts require joins across faces, text, timestamps, locations, and repeated events. Existing visual, video, document, and lifelog benchmarks test sub-problems, but not album-scale profile reconstruction with social identity binding and evidence citation. Benchmarking this task is difficult because the ground truth needed for evaluation--owner profiles, social graphs, face-name maps, and evidence provenance--is private state that real albums cannot safely release. We introduce PAL-Bench, a controlled benchmark for evidence-grounded reconstruction under a public-record contract. Its Evidence Compiler builds latent private worlds, programs target-level evidence paths, renders album pixels, re-measures them through perception pipelines, and exports audited public/private views. Agents receive only perception-derived public records; targets, identifier maps, and evidence paths remain hidden. PAL-Bench contains 50 synthetic users, 36,659 public photo records, and 2,799 targets over owner facts, identities, and relations. A privacy-preserving audit with 10 participants confirms that PAL-Bench evidence structures match real private albums, though equivalent releases remain privacy-prohibitive. Across seven systems and two compute-matched diagnostics, a seven-metric protocol reveals a gap between plausible profile summarization and faithful social reconstruction: systems recover some owner facts but struggle with recurring identities and evidence citation. PAL-TRACE, a reference framework that freezes identity bindings before owner-fact mining, performs best but leaves hard identity resolution far from solved. PAL-Bench provides a testbed for perceptual entity resolution, multimodal data integration, temporal evidence aggregation, and provenance-aware structured prediction.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2604.17861

GPUOS: A GPU Operating System Primitive for Transparent Operation Fusion

Yiwei Yang, Xiangyu Gao, Yuan Zhou, Yuhang Gan, Yusheng Zheng, Andi Quinn

原文摘要

Modern deep learning workloads often consist of many small tensor operations, especially in inference, attention, and micro-batched training. In these settings, kernel launch overhead can become a major bottleneck, sometimes exceeding the actual computation time. We present GPUOS, a GPU runtime JIT system that reduces launch overhead using a persistent kernel architecture with runtime operator injection. GPUOS runs a single long-lived GPU kernel that continuously processes tasks from a host-managed work queue, eliminating repeated kernel launches. To support diverse operations, GPUOS uses NVIDIA NVRTC to just-in-time compile operators at runtime and inject them into the running kernel through device function pointer tables. This design enables operator updates without restarting the kernel or recompiling the system. GPUOS introduces four key ideas: (1) a persistent worker kernel with atomic task queues, (2) a runtime operator injection mechanism based on NVRTC and relocatable device code, (3) a dual-slot aliasing scheme for safe concurrent operator updates, and (4) transparent PyTorch integration through TorchDispatch that batches micro-operations into unified submissions. The system supports arbitrary tensor shapes, strides, data types, and broadcasting through a generic tensor abstraction. Experiments show that GPUOS achieves up to 15.3x speedup over standard PyTorch on workloads dominated by small operations, including micro-batched inference and attention patterns. GPUOS improves utilization while remaining compatible with the PyTorch ecosystem.

cs.DC · cs.OS

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.14878

Hear What You Eat: In-Ear Passive Acoustic Sensing for Multi-task Dietary Monitoring

Feiyu Han, Mingtian Zhu, Dawei Yan, Weiwei Jiang, Yuanhao Feng, Yanfei Zhang, Panlong Yang

原文摘要

The increasing obesity health concerns are driving the advancement of continuous dietary monitoring. Yet, existing single-sensor solutions still face challenges of coarse-grained sensing resolution, while multi-sensor fusion strategies encounter significant engineering complexity or hardware requirements. In our work, we present a single modality-based multi-dimensional dietary monitoring and logging solution, named EARDIET, which leverages inward-facing microphones on earables to capture in-ear chewing sounds for fine-grained diet analysis. With the texture audio profiles derivation, the pipeline consisting of signal processing and lightweight deep learning, is carefully designed to achieve eating episode detection, food texture sensing, and food type recognition simultaneously. Comprehensive experiments involving 32 participants with diverse BMI profiles are conducted to validate the effectiveness of multi-dimensional dietary monitoring. Compared with the state-of-the-art solutions, EARDIET can derive multi-dimensional dietary information with only a single modality, outperforming by about 10% in terms of eating episode detection. Furthermore, through real-world clinical validation, our solution can achieve masticatory disorder identification with an averaged F1-score of 85.97%, demonstrating potential for healthcare in the future.

cs.HC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2610.35581

Integrate the Reward, Don't Sample It: Window Likelihood for Interruptions and Backchannels in Full-Duplex Speech Models

Guoqiang Hu, Lichao Zhang, Yizhou Peng, Yuhao Luo, Haifeng Hu, Zhongqian Sun, Wei Yang, Eng Siong Chng

原文摘要

When a user talks over a full-duplex dialogue model, it must decide whether the user is interrupting (stop) or backchannelling (carry on). Post-training can improve this discrimination or change how readily it stops. In our GRPO runs the second dominates: no configuration lowers both error rates on more than one model, and two released checkpoints discriminate no better than their bases. We trace this partly to how the reward is estimated. The probability of stopping inside a short window is a known function of a few stop probabilities the policy emits, yet GRPO estimates it by sampling. A group of rollouts that all agree gives no gradient, even when all fail; the push on the stop threshold is strongest where the model is unsure, whichever outcome is right; and whole-rollout credit reaches decisions the reward never judges. Confining the credit to the window removes only that leakage. Window likelihood (WL) samples the words but integrates over the stop decisions, so the probability of the correct outcome is computed exactly and its logarithm maximised. On HumDial-FDBench, across four open models, WL gives the best F1 and lowers both error rates by more than their confidence intervals, without talking into silence.

eess.AS · cs.CL · cs.SD

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12296

RecoGEM: A Serving System for Production-Scale Generative Recommendation

Xiangrui Yang, Yunfeng Zhao, Jiawei Yang, Fangyu Zhang, Enrui Zhao, Liang Zeng, Cheng Peng, Minhui Xie 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Generative recommendation (GR) is moving industrial recommender systems (RecSys) from scoring candidate items to autoregressively generating item identifiers. This shift promises higher recommendation quality, but makes serving substantially harder: each request executes a short sequence of dependent decoding steps that explore a large item space and select promising candidates on the latency-critical path. GR not only creates structural mismatches with conventional RecSys pipelines, but also challenges the architectural and optimization assumptions of LLM serving stacks, making direct adoption of existing systems difficult. We present RecoGEM, our production GR serving system. RecoGEM uses a runtime--engine decoupling architecture to move GR-specific serving responsibilities, such as candidate-state transitions and live artifact updates, to a dedicated runtime. Its execution engine exploits GR's short token sequences, large candidate populations, and predictable step shapes to optimize self-attention, candidate selection, and execution planning. RecoGEM has been deployed for over nine months across our production lines, serving applications with hundreds of millions of users and supporting more than ten GR model families. On our OneModel production workloads, RecoGEM reaches over 1,000 QPS per serving instance with P99 latency below 35 ms and a 2.88$\times$ throughput improvement over representative baselines.

cs.DC · cs.AI · cs.IR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.13027

TypedInk: Knowing When Not To Draw

Weiwei Yang

原文摘要

Can a scientific figure generator know when it does not have enough evidence to draw? Complete-source illustrators map a finished methodology section to a schematic, or a table to plotting code, and are never asked this question because their input is assumed complete. The research record is rarely that complete: an outline, a draft paragraph, a table, or a one-sentence intent, in any combination, and painting measured numbers with an image model when the table is missing is a hallucinated result. TypedInk infers a figure type from {diagram, plot, plate} from a possibly incomplete source and dispatches to the renderer that can honor that type's evidence contract, refusing dispatch when the contract cannot be met. On the six gold plots in TypedFigBench (5 views, n=30), TypedInk's code path inks every gold table token when a table is observed (12/12), refuses the 12 hidden-table views instead of inventing numbers, and marks 6 intent-only views illustrative, with no execution failures. An always-draw coder with no such gate inks 30/30 charts, including all 18 with no table, and recovers zero gold numbers on any of them; two vision-language raters (not humans; human replication is future work) still judge those always-draw charts submittable 17/36 times, against TypedInk's refusal 0/36 times. A diagnostic field ablation of the type router (16 illustrations, 5 views each, n=80) locates where this failure would originate if unchecked: an outline alone yields type accuracy 0.31 and sends every gold plot into an integrity violation, and a chat-model planner narrows but does not close the gap (overall accuracy 0.85, still integrity-failing on 25% of outlines). Diagram-label recall is 0.47 on the full record and 0.19 on an outline. Gold plates are typed at dispatch (oracle integrity-fail 0.00) and rendered as stills.

cs.HC · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2607.28200

Vibe-FDTR: An agent-oriented framework for reproducible frequency-domain thermoreflectance data analysis

Fuwei Yang, Weiheng Li, Bai Song

原文摘要

Frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) is a laser pump-probe technique widely used to measure thermal properties at the micro- and nanoscale; however, it relies on a complex data analysis procedure that demands substantial domain expertise and is susceptible to subtle human errors. Here, we present Vibe-FDTR, an agent-oriented framework that enables large language model (LLM) agents to perform reliable and reproducible FDTR analyses directly from natural language requests. This framework couples a configuration-driven FDTR code package, which enforces physical and parametric consistency, with procedural agent skills that translate user intentions into organized and verifiable analysis steps. We evaluate Vibe-FDTR using a controlled benchmark with two levels: synthetic single-step tasks and real-data multi-step tasks based on measurements of gold-coated graphite samples. Across the two levels, agents using Vibe-FDTR achieve success rates of 100% and 98.9%, respectively. In sharp contrast, ablating skills (Code-agent) reduces performance to 91.4% and 36.7%, which drops further to 38.6% and 0% when the domain package is also omitted (Agent-only). Beyond success rate, Vibe-FDTR also reduces computational cost by 87.7% relative to the Code-agent variant and cuts execution time by more than 60%. Finally, an optional expert mode supports experimental planning via autonomous sensitivity and uncertainty evaluations, and formulates physically grounded recommendations for underspecified tasks. These results demonstrate that encapsulating domain code and expert knowledge into agent skills offers a promising route toward low-barrier, autonomous, and trustworthy thermal metrology.

physics.app-ph · cond-mat.mtrl-sci · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.09554

Query-Guided RoPE Modulation for Lost-in-the-Middle Mitigation in Long-Context LLMs

Peiyu Zhang, Heng Ping, Shinibali Bhattacharyya, Anwesan Pal, Nikos Kanakaris, Kevin Cheang, Shixuan Li, Wei Yang 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Long-context language models often neglect information in the middle of the input, a phenomenon known as "lost-in-the-middle". Part of this gap may stem from the long-range decay of rotary position embedding (RoPE), which weakens the positional signal between distant tokens. Existing input compression deletes low-importance tokens, and attention reweighting acts only after RoPE has weakened this signal. RoPE-level methods modify positions directly but apply the same remapping to every query. To address these limitations, we propose QGPM (Query-Guided Positional Modulation), a training-free method that reshapes RoPE positions using query relevance from the model's own attention heads. QGPM builds a broad relevance map for lower layers and a sharp one for upper layers. Low-relevance tokens advance by less than one position on fast-rotating planes, pulling relevant evidence toward the query. Slow-rotating planes keep the original layout, with every token in place. Experiments on NoLiMa and RULER with multiple context lengths show that QGPM improves over base models and strong baselines, with the largest gains on retrieval tasks, and generalizes across multiple backbones. Our code is available at https://github.com/iZHpy/QGPM.

cs.CL · cs.AI · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.26409

Jailbreak susceptibility prediction and mitigation via the behavioral geometry of models

Hayden Helm, Xiaodong Liu, Weiwei Yang

原文摘要

Evaluating and mitigating a generative system's susceptibility to jailbreak attacks is critical to its safe deployment. Given the number of deployable systems, full per-configuration evaluation and optimization is impractical. In this paper, we formalize the behavioral geometry of a population of models that, by leveraging previously evaluated and defended models, supports both efficient susceptibility prediction and effective defense transfer across a population. We apply the framework to 82 models spanning 24 providers and to 100 system configurations of a single base model. Simple methods that use the behavioral geometry reach an AUPRC of $0.94$ for susceptibility detection with $\approx98\%$ fewer probes relative to a full evaluation. Using the behavioral geometry to select which model to transfer an optimized defense from outperforms same-provider assignment ($+4.1\%$, $p = 0.004$) at no additional probe cost, with a set of three models sufficient to cover the population. Results are robust to hyperparameter selection and judge.

cs.CR · cs.AI · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07598

Align Before Aggregation: Basis-Consistent Federated LoRA under Heterogeneous Ranks

Pengpeng Qiao, Yang Cao, Lingling Zhang, Guo Cheng, Junwei Chen, Manjiang Yu, Wei Yang Bryan Lim, Masatoshi Yoshikawa

原文摘要

Federated fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) under heterogeneous client capacities is increasingly important, and low-rank adaptation (LoRA) with heterogeneous ranks makes it practical. Existing server-side aggregators compose local matrix updates $ΔW_i$ from client-specific LoRA factors $(A_i,B_i)$ before aggregating them. Although these matrix updates lie in the same weight space $\mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$ and can be averaged directly, the LoRA factors that generate them may expressed client-specific local basis. In the typical compose--aggregate--factorize--dispatch loop, this basis inconsistency can make the rank-$r_i$ reference prefix dispatched to lower-rank clients unstable after server-side refactorization. In this work, we propose \textbf{FedAbA}, a basis-consistent federated LoRA aggregation framework for heterogeneous ranks. FedAbA first extracts each client's local basis, aligns it to the corresponding prefix of the global reference basis, and constructs a basis-consistent reconstruction of each local matrix update before aggregation. It then aggregates these reconstructions with weights that combine client data size and consistency score, followed by exact coefficient-space SVD refactorization and gauge fixing before rank-prefix dispatch. Our theoretical analysis clarifies the role of basis consistency and supports the proposed consistency-aware aggregation mechanism. Extensive experiments show that FedAbA outperforms representative federated LoRA baselines, with the largest gains under the strongest rank heterogeneity.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.23947

Optimal analysis of Greedy for stochastic online Euclidean matching: flat torus to the rescue

Mingwei Yang, Sophie H. Yu

原文摘要

We study online metric matching with $n$ servers and $n$ requests, all sampled independently and uniformly from $[0,1]^d$. We analyze the Greedy algorithm, which matches each arriving request to its closest available server. Despite its strong empirical performance, non-trivial bounds on Greedy's competitive ratio were previously known only for $d = 1$, where it is $O(1)$-competitive [BFP23]. We prove that Greedy is $O(1)$-competitive for every fixed $d\geq3$ and has competitive ratio $Θ(\sqrt{\log n})$ for $d=2$. Our proof first analyzes Greedy on the flat torus and then transfers the resulting estimates to the cube.

cs.DS

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06974

T$^2$-Splat: Adaptive Topology Mesh Splatting with Texture Residuals

Zhihao Tang, Youjia Zhang, Mingbo Zhao, Wei Yang

原文摘要

Triangle-based splatting connects novel view synthesis with conventional graphics pipelines, but often requires excessive tessellation to preserve appearance details. We present T$^2$-Splat, which decouples topology adaptation from appearance refinement. Safe Restricted Delaunay Triangulation (Safe RDT) initializes mesh connectivity. Dynamic Topology Evolution (DTE) then adapts triangle allocation through edge collapse and vertex split operations. Residual per-face Mip-textures then refine appearance on the fixed mesh using scale-adaptive filtering. Experiments on Mip-NeRF 360, Tanks & Temples, and DTU demonstrate competitive results with compact meshes. T$^2$-Splat improves PSNR by 0.71dB over MeshSplatting on Mip-NeRF 360. Additional compression experiments demonstrate flexible control of mesh complexity, supporting face budgets as low as 10% of the original face count. Project page: https://t2-splat.github.io/.

cs.CV · cs.GR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.15008

Harness the Memory: A Holistic Evaluation of Memory Substrates in Memory Agents

Wei-Chieh Huang, Weizhi Zhang, Yuchen Wu, Yankai Chen, Eric Hanchen Jiang, Wooseong Yang, Yiwei Yang, Henry Peng Zou 等 15 位作者

原文摘要

Memory is becoming core infrastructure for long-horizon LLM agents, yet existing evaluations offer limited guidance on which memory substrate, namely the underlying medium in which memory is represented and stored, should be used under different operating regimes. We introduce a unified suite of 26 performance and efficiency metrics, including auxiliary-LLM costs attributed to the write, read, and management stages, and apply it identically to 11 memory methods in a controlled harness that varies only the memory substrate. The methods cover dense and sparse indices, text records, structural stores, hierarchical stores, refinement-based memories, parametric updates, and activation-compatible context mechanisms, and we evaluate them with three backbone models on four benchmark suites spanning user-centric question answering and agent-centric decision-making. Our results show that no single substrate consistently dominates: broad retrieval benefits long-context factual QA, while excessive retrieval can harm sequential decision-making by shifting attention away from action-critical context. Scalability introduces a further routing axis, as substrates that perform well at moderate history lengths can become costly or brittle at longer horizons. These regime-dependent reversals make substrate selection a design axis. Choosing a substrate per observable operating regime improves over the best fixed substrate on our benchmarks, while query-level routing leaves most of the oracle headroom open. The findings provide empirical guidance for designing efficient, reliable, and regime-aware long-term memory for LLM agents.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v6arXiv:2603.15159

To See is Not to Master: Teaching LLMs to Use Private Libraries for Code Generation

Yitong Zhang, Chengze Li, Ruize Chen, Guowei Yang, Xiaoran Jia, Yijie Ren, Jia Li

原文摘要

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong potential for code generation, yet they remain limited in private-library-oriented code generation, where the goal is to generate code using APIs from private libraries. Existing approaches mainly rely on retrieving private-library API documentation and injecting relevant knowledge into the context at inference time. However, our study shows that this is insufficient: even given accurate required knowledge, LLMs still struggle to invoke private-library APIs effectively. To address this limitation, we propose PriCoder, an approach that teaches LLMs to invoke private-library APIs through automatically synthesized data. Specifically, PriCoder models private-library data synthesis as the construction of a graph, and alternates between two graph operators: (1) Progressive Graph Evolution, which improves data diversity by progressively synthesizing more diverse training samples from basic ones, and (2) Multidimensional Graph Pruning, which improves data quality through a rigorous filtering pipeline. To support rigorous evaluation, we construct two new benchmarks based on recently released libraries that are unfamiliar to the tested models. Experiments on three mainstream LLMs show that PriCoder substantially improves private-library-oriented code generation, yielding gains of over 20% in pass@1 in many settings, while causing negligible impact on general code generation capability.

cs.SE · cs.AI · cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05121

An Investigation on Numerical Bugs in GPU Programs Towards Automated Bug Detection

Ravishka Rathnasuriya, Nidhi Majoju, Zihe Song, Wei Yang

原文摘要

General-purpose graphics processing unit (GPU) computing has emerged as a leading parallel computing paradigm, offering significant performance gains in various domains such as scientific computing and deep learning. However, GPU programs are susceptible to numerical bugs, which can lead to incorrect results or crashes. These bugs are difficult to detect, debug, and fix due to their dependence on specific input values or types and the absence of reliable error-checking mechanisms and oracles. Additionally, the unique programming conventions of GPUs complicate identifying the root causes of bugs, while fixing them requires domain-specific knowledge of GPU computing and numerical libraries. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of GPU numerical bugs (GPU-NBs) is crucial for developing effective solutions. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive study of GPU-NBs by analyzing 397 real-world bug samples from GitHub. We identify common root causes, symptoms, input patterns, test oracles that trigger these bugs and the strategies used to fix them. We also present GPU-NBDetect, a preliminary tool designed to detect numerical bugs across six distinct bug categories. GPU-NBDetect detected a total of 226 bugs across 186 mathematical functions in four libraries, with 60 of the bugs confirmed by developers. Our findings lay the groundwork for developing detection and prevention techniques for GPU-NBs and offer insights for building more effective debugging and auto-repair tool.

cs.SE · cs.DC · cs.PL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2604.15001

COEVO: Co-Evolutionary Framework for Joint Functional Correctness and PPA Optimization in LLM-Based RTL Code Generation

Heng Ping, Peiyu Zhang, Shixuan Li, Wei Yang, Anzhe Cheng, Shukai Duan, Xiaole Zhang, Paul Bogdan

原文摘要

LLM-based RTL code generation methods increasingly target both functional correctness and PPA quality, yet existing approaches decouple the two objectives, optimizing PPA only after full correctness is achieved. Sequential multi-agent pipelines, evolutionary search with binary correctness gates, and hierarchical reward dependencies all discard partially correct but architecturally promising candidates. Moreover, existing methods reduce the multi-objective PPA space to a single scalar fitness that obscures the trade-offs among area, delay, and power. To address these limitations, we propose COEVO, a co-evolutionary framework that unifies correctness and PPA optimization within a single evolutionary loop. COEVO formulates correctness as a continuous co-optimization dimension alongside area, delay, and power, enabled by an enhanced testbench with fine-grained scoring. The framework allows PPA-promising but partially correct candidates to guide the search toward jointly optimal solutions, and further employs four-dimensional Pareto-based non-dominated sorting to preserve the PPA trade-off structure without manual weight tuning. On VerilogEval 2.0 and RTLLM 2.0, COEVO surpasses all agentic baselines across four LLM backbones. With GPT-5.4-mini, COEVO achieves 97.5\% and 94.5\% Pass@1 and attains the best PPA on 43 out of 49 synthesizable RTLLM 2.0 designs.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2604.26707

CurEvo: Curriculum-Guided Self-Evolution for Video Understanding

Guiyi Zeng, Junqing Yu, Yi-Ping Phoebe Chen, Chen Xu, Wei Yang, Zikai Song

原文摘要

Recent self-evolution frameworks for video understanding have demonstrated the potential for autonomous improvement from unlabeled videos. However, existing approaches often suffer from weakly controlled optimization and capability progression because they lack structured guidance for generating, evaluating, and reusing supervision throughout the iterative learning process. We present CurEvo, a curriculum-guided self-evolution framework that organizes this loop as a competence-aware progression. Curriculum-Guided Self-Evolution maintains a competence-aware curriculum state and cumulative training pool across iterations. Within this loop, Multi-Dimensional Question Generation supplies complementary supervision, from directly verifiable structural questions for perception to type-conditioned questions for recognition and understanding. Type-Adaptive Evaluation separately assesses question quality and answer reliability with criteria matched to each type's evidence; its scores determine which pairs enter the pool and how the next curriculum state is updated. Across seven backbones and four VideoQA benchmarks, CurEvo consistently improves benchmark accuracy and benchmark semantic score. For Qwen2.5-VL(7B), accuracy rises from 67.84% to 69.91% on ActivityNet-QA and from 76.94% to 79.61% on NExT-QA. CurEvo thus establishes self-generated supervision as a stable route to autonomous video understanding without task-specific human QA annotations during self-evolution.

cs.CV · cs.LG

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04715

ZeroGR: Filtering-First Constrained Decoding for Generative Recommendation

Xiangrui Yang, Jiawei Yang, Liang Zeng, Daqian Ding, Ziqian Liu, Bing Tian, Cheng Peng, Yunfeng Zhao 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

Generative recommendation is gaining traction in production, retrieving items by generating their identifiers one token at a time. The generated sequences must identify relevant catalog items, so constrained decoding couples relevance scoring with validity filtering. Because most possible sequences are invalid, scoring before filtering wastes computation on candidates that will be discarded. Our evaluation shows that filtering first can avoid this work with negligible impact on recommendation quality. We present ZeroGR, a filtering-first constrained decoding system for generative recommendation. ZeroGR uses a step-sliced filtering index to reduce GPU memory use by tailoring data representations to each decoding step. Its execution engine adopts shared-slot execution to accelerate data exchange across stages and hybrid projection to adapt computation to workload patterns, thereby reducing execution overhead. During index refreshes, ZeroGR applies layout-guided streaming construction to speed up updates and limit serving interference. Extensive evaluation shows that ZeroGR accelerates the filtering and scoring pipeline by up to $9.9\times$ over representative baselines while reducing GPU index memory use and accelerating index reconstruction.

cs.DB · cs.IR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2604.26353

GateMOT: Q-Gated Attention for Dense Object Tracking

Mingjin Lv, Zelin Liu, Feifei Shao, Yi-Ping Phoebe Chen, Junqing Yu, Wei Yang, Zikai Song

原文摘要

While large models demonstrate the strong representational power of vanilla attention, this core mechanism cannot be directly applied to Dense Object Tracking: its quadratic all-to-all interactions are computationally prohibitive for dense motion estimation on high-resolution features. This mismatch prevents Dense Object Tracking from fully leveraging attention-based modeling in crowded and occlusion-heavy scenes. To address this challenge, we introduce GateMOT, an online tracking framework centered on Q-Gated Attention (Q-Attention), an efficient and spatially aware attention variant. Our key idea is to repurpose the Query from a similarity-conditioning term into a learnable gating unit. This Gating-Query (Gating-Q) produces a probabilistic gate that modulates Key features in an element-wise manner, enabling explicit relevance selection instead of costly global aggregation. Built on this mechanism, parallel Q-Attention heads transform one shared feature map into task-specific yet consistent representations for detection, motion, and re-identification, yielding a tightly coupled multi-task decoder with linear-complexity gating operations. GateMOT achieves state-of-the-art HOTA of 48.4, MOTA of 67.8, and IDF1 of 64.5 on BEE24, and demonstrates strong performance on additional Dense Object Tracking benchmarks. These results show that Q-Attention is a simple, effective, and transferable building block for attention-based tracking in dense tracking scenarios.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01372

IMPACT: Image-Conditioned Motion with Physics-Aware Collision and Trajectory Guidance for Video Generation

Shiwei Yang, Yunlong Yu, Zhao Wang, Jungong Han

原文摘要

Visually realistic video generation does not guarantee physically consistent motion. Generated objects may exhibit implausible collision responses or rebounds without energy dissipation, while even physically valid motion predictions may not be faithfully realized during synthesis. We propose \textbf{IMPACT}, a physics-state-driven image-to-video framework that addresses these challenges by coupling explicit dynamics prediction with complementary sparse--dense physical guidance. A learnably calibrated Physics State Generator unifies continuous free-flight dynamics with discrete collision responses, linking impact timing, post-impact velocity, rebound attenuation, and eventual settling within a coherent physical-state sequence. To translate this evolution into effective generative constraints, IMPACT derives sparse trajectories and dense region-level motion priors from the same physical rollout. Sparse trajectories constrain global object displacement, while dense priors guide diffusion sampling to encourage coherent object-region motion and suppress unwanted background changes. Their shared physical basis coordinates global and local motion guidance to reduce prediction--generation mismatch. Experiments on 100 controlled sphere--plane collision scenes spanning different material combinations and visual environments demonstrate improved physical plausibility over representative general-purpose, physics-grounded, and motion-controllable baselines. The project repository is available at https://weiweiwiewei.github.io/impact

cs.CV

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.40627

ShallowDefend：利用浅层安全对齐构建多轮对话防御器

ShallowDefend: Harnessing Shallow Safety Alignment for Multi-Turn Defender

Qiyao Ma, Xiaodong Liu, Weiwei Yang, Mingqian Feng, Chengquan Guo, Jialin Song, Carolyn Buractaon, Zhe Zhao 等 12 位作者

AI 速读 基于摘要

作者提出 Assess→Decide→Respond 框架，让防御方在多轮对话的关键轮次先显式做出可解析的安全决策，再据此生成回复，以利用对齐的“浅层性”进行防御。

cs.CL

arXiv ↗PDF ↗
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Safety alignment has enabled large language models to reliably refuse harmful requests directly, yet the same request distributed across a multi-turn conversation still succeeds far too often. This brittleness has a mechanistic root: Alignment is shallow, with safety behavior concentrated in a model's first few output tokens, and existing defenses inherit the weakness, supervising the surface form of the response without ever giving the model an explicit safety decision to learn. We take the opposite view of shallowness: if a short span determines the trajectory of an entire response, that span is the highest-leverage place to intervene, and the defender can occupy it first. We propose Assess $\to$ Decide $\to$ Respond, a framework in which the defender assesses the user's intent, commits to an explicit, parseable safety decision, and only then generates a reply conditioned on it, with the commitment trained by reinforcement learning at the payload turn. Because the decision is a token span, the reward can be a rule: a self-verified reward checks the committed label against the conversation's known nature, requiring no judge and no annotation, while the same format also supports an LLM-as-judge reward over a graded decision space with safe redirection. Across two model families and fourteen benchmarks spanning safety, utility, and helpfulness, our defenders achieve the strongest multi-turn safety in a controlled comparison, maintaining their lead in safety while preserving utility at a modest cost to helpfulness. A per-token KL analysis and interventional probes confirm why this works: training concentrates its effect on the brief deliberation that sets a response's trajectory, and the decision committed there is a causal control point. The very shallowness attackers exploit becomes the mechanism of defense.

版本更新 · v5arXiv:2610.12265

AdaptLSTM: Efficient Adaptive Online Learning for Cloud Workload Forecasting under Distribution Drift

Xinhua Miao, Bowei Yang, Zhengong Cai

原文摘要

Accurate workload forecasting is critical for elastic resource provisioning in web-scale cloud services, where distribution shifts driven by viral content, product launches, and user behavior degrade offline-trained models rapidly. Naive online learning recovers accuracy but incurs prohibitive per-step compute cost. We propose AdaptLSTM, an adaptive online framework that detects drift via validation-calibrated thresholds and applies selective, targeted updates. On the Alibaba Machine Trace, AdaptLSTM recovers 54% of Naive Online's improvement at 20% cost ($2.7\times$ efficiency, $p=0.002$ over 10 seeds). On the more volatile Container Trace, it achieves 96% at 20% cost ($4.8\times$ efficiency, $+75\%$ MAE reduction over Static). Unlike classical drift detectors (ADWIN, DDM, Page-Hinkley) which fail to trigger on regression-scale error streams, AdaptLSTM fires 42 times over 301 steps and outperforms matched-budget baselines. Wall-clock profiling shows $1.33\times$ throughput gain and 45% update-time reduction. The framework is model-agnostic: identical Pareto patterns hold for LSTM, GRU, and Transformer backbones.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.04310

Latent Anchor-Driven Test Generation for Deep Neural Networks

Bin Duan, Matthew B. Dwyer, Guowei Yang

原文摘要

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly being deployed in security-critical and safety-sensitive applications, which makes rigorous testing essential to identify and mitigate model weaknesses. Existing DNN testing approaches explore either the input space or a learned latent space. While latent-space generation can better maintain plausibility than direct input-space mutation, current methods still face a trade-off among exploration controllability, failure diversity, and seed-relative semantic drift. To overcome these limitations, we propose Latte, a black-box testing framework that generates semantically proximate, diverse, and fault-revealing test cases by leveraging the latent space. Specifically, Latte encodes each input seed with a pre-trained VQ-VAE and performs a seed-centered, one-step latent mutation along directions defined by anchors sampled from alternative classes, followed by quantization and decoding back to the input space. This explores local neighborhoods around each seed within the learned latent manifold, resulting in a larger number and broader diversity of oracle-triggering prediction discrepancies under the same budget. We evaluated Latte on 5 datasets and 10 DNN models in single-model and multi-model testing scenarios. Across the evaluated datasets and models, Latte improves fault exposure and behavioral diversity under matched testing budgets. Under the single-model setting, it also maintains low seed-relative semantic drift with respect to the source seeds.

cs.LG · cs.SE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.11886

Testing Deep Learning Library APIs via Cross-Framework Differential Fuzzing

Bin Duan, Ruican Dong, Naipeng Dong, Dan Dongseong Kim, Guowei Yang

原文摘要

Deep learning libraries underpin many safety- and reliability-critical applications, yet existing API-level testing techniques often rely on intra-library properties or CPU--GPU differential oracles and may miss defects that behave consistently across hardware backends. We present Xamt, a cross-framework differential fuzzing approach for deep learning library APIs. Xamt constructs and tests execution-validated groups of APIs intended to implement equivalent operations across seven libraries. It uses explicit API aliases and parameter-role normalization to construct candidate correspondences and validates them through pairwise execution and a group-level behavioral check on canonical ordinary inputs. The resulting groups are explored using variance-guided differential fuzzing with ordinary, boundary, and non-finite inputs. Crash and inconsistency oracles flag executions exhibiting abnormal termination or inconsistent outputs for subsequent reproduction and analysis. Across the seven libraries, Xamt constructs 676 execution-validated groups containing 2,563 matched APIs. Among these, Xamt identifies 72 independently reproduced discrepancy cases, including 4 crash cases and 68 output inconsistencies. Among the 72 developer reports, 25 have been confirmed, including 23 that have been fixed.

cs.SE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.39572

RV2GC: Reconstructing the Garbling Boundary in a RISC-V Garbled Processor

Zixiao Feng, Xiaolin Li, Chenglu Jin, Wei Yan, Yong Zhang, Hongwei Liu, Yong Liu, Qinfen Hao

原文摘要

Programmable garbled-circuit execution must balance the benefits of cross-program reuse against the cost of repeated work during secure execution. A complete garbled processor provides a fixed circuit for many programs, but its evaluator repeatedly visits processor-wide structures even when only a small part performs the current protected computation. We present RV2GC, which reconstructs the garbling boundary around a fixed library of RISC-V instruction circuits. Public scheduling and operand routing operate outside the circuit topologies; persistent label-encoded state connects independently invoked garbled instruction circuits and instruction-specific garbling-free paths through a common interface. A Conditional-execution Stack and protected commits support secret-dependent branches, bounded loops, and secret-indexed memory access under public scheduling, keeping instruction and memory-address sequences independent of private inputs. Across nine benchmarks, measured ARM2GC-to-RV2GC runtime ratios range from 12.81 to 4,043. In terms of circuit size, the largest listed instruction circuit has 3,386 gates, corresponding to 2.044% and 0.393% of the 256-byte and 4,096-byte Amber processors, respectively. Additional comparisons quantify schedule storage, communication, and the cost of secret-dependent execution.

cs.CR · cs.AR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.01563

Optimal Universal Coding of Integers

Wei Yan, Yunghsiang S. Han, Leqian Zheng

原文摘要

Universal coding of integers (UCI) provides prefix codes for positive integers such that, for every nonincreasing source distribution $P$, the average codeword length under $P$ stays within $K$ times $\max\{1,H(P)\}$. For a given UCI $\mathcal{C}$, the smallest such constant $K$ is called the minimum expansion factor of $\mathcal{C}$, denoted $C_{\mathcal{C}}^{*}$. Let $C^{*}\triangleq \inf \{C_{\mathcal{C}}^{*}\}$ over all UCIs. A UCI attaining $C^{*}$, or a family of UCIs attaining $C^{*}$ in the limit, is called optimal. It is currently known that $2\le C^{*}\le 2.0386$. In this paper, we construct a family of one-point plus uniform-tail distributions and prove that, for every UCI, a distribution in this family attains the worst-case ratio; thus, the family is least favorable for the UCI problem. We further establish an inequality, called the \emph{UCI inequality}, which plays the same role for UCI as the Kraft inequality does for prefix codes: for any real number $B\ge 1$, it decides whether $B$ lies below or above $C^*$. The UCI inequality gives an equivalent definition of $C^*$. By numerical computation, we determine $C^* = 2.00012475703610197861701176297579886254\cdots$, the first $38$ decimal digits being certified. Once $C^*$ is known, we can theoretically construct the optimal UCI.

cs.IT

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.38867

Where You Inject Matters: The Trust Region Effect in LLM Agents

Chengquan Guo, Xiaodong Liu, Weiwei Yang, Mingqian Feng, Jialin Song, Qiyao Ma, Carolyn Buractaon, Christopher White 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

LLM agents are increasingly adopted in long-horizon tasks and interact with diverse external environments. Despite their growing capabilities, these agents remain vulnerable to real-world attacks such as indirect prompt injections, which manipulate agents through malicious instructions embedded in external environments. While existing risk assessment work has primarily focused on the injection content, the effect of where an injection appears has not been systematically characterized. Studying injection placement requires agents to operate over longer-horizon tasks and interact with diverse environmental surfaces. Thus, we build three agentic testbeds spanning tool use, coding, and daily workflow domains with diverse injection surfaces. Holding the injection content fixed, we find that agent susceptibility varies across injection placements. We refer to this phenomenon as the trust region effect: agents implicitly assign different levels of trust to different regions of their environments. For example, an agent powered by GPT-5.4 follows an unsafe injection instruction placed in a repository documentation file (i.e., a README or TODO file) 2.6 times more often on average than the same instruction placed in a code or data file. Building upon this observation, we develop learning-based attackers that generate injection content and select better injection placements. Our approach demonstrates that both where an injection is placed and what content it contains can affect the strength of indirect prompt injection attacks. To the best of our knowledge, this work provides the first systematic characterization for the effectiveness of different injection placements, spanning both coarse-grained environmental surfaces and fine-grained positions. The uneven trust that agents implicitly place across their environments provides important insights for future attack and defense design.

cs.AI · cs.CR · cs.LG

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