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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.17048

AURA 2.0：从用户驱动响应到流式视频中的模型主动对话

AURA 2.0: From User-Driven Responses to Model-Initiated Conversations in Streaming Video

Shuhan Li, Huankang Guan, Xintong Guo, Yang Bo, Yuyang He, Dunyuan Xu, Jingyan Chen, Fang Liu 等 18 位作者

AI 速读 基于摘要

AURA 2.0 是一个流式视频大语言模型，新增模型主动发起对话、流感知工具调用和交互式视觉定位三项能力，并配套专用数据集与三阶段训练方案。

cs.CV · cs.AI

arXiv ↗PDF ↗
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Most AI assistants respond only when prompted, remaining silent even when events in the video stream offer meaningful opportunities for conversation. To move beyond purely user-driven interaction, we present AURA 2.0, a streaming video large language model that introduces three core upgrades to AURA. The key advance is Model-Initiated Conversation (MIC), which enables the model to identify topics worth discussing in the evolving visual stream and initiate conversations at appropriate moments without a user query. Stream-Aware Tool Calling (SATC) enables the model to invoke external tools using the current visual and conversational context and incorporate returned information into the ongoing interaction. Interactive Visual Grounding (IVG) supports visual grounding in both user inputs and model outputs. The model can identify objects marked by users on video frames and produce frame-aligned bounding boxes to link its responses to specific objects and regions. To develop these capabilities, we construct a dedicated streaming interaction dataset and adopt a three-stage training scheme to integrate the new behaviors with AURA's existing streaming interaction abilities. We further incorporate Long-Horizon Interaction Memory (LHIM) to maintain contextual continuity over extended video streams. Evaluations on public streaming benchmarks show that AURA 2.0 achieves leading performance among open-source streaming models, while targeted evaluations further validate its new interaction capabilities. We open-source the model weights and inference code.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.15640

MemInStream: Memorizing or Merely Recognizing? Rethinking Streaming Video Memory Evaluation

Zhenqi He, Dunyuan Xu, Yang Bo, Kien T. Pham, Yanghao Wang, Shuhan Li, Xintong Guo, Yuyang He 等 13 位作者

原文摘要

Streaming video understanding aims to continuously process incoming visual observations, making the retention and retrieval of relevant information increasingly important as the video history grows. Although existing benchmarks include memory-related questions, question-answering accuracy alone does not reliably measure memory capabilities. Incorrect predictions may arise from failures in visual understanding rather than forgetting, whereas correct predictions may rely on linguistic priors or recent observations without requiring historical memory. To address these ambiguities, we introduce MemInStream, a benchmark dedicated to evaluating memory capabilities in streaming video understanding. We develop an evidence-controlled validation protocol that associates each question with temporally localized evidence intervals. The protocol validates evidence solvability and memory necessity by retaining questions that models can answer from the annotated evidence but cannot resolve using recent observations, post-evidence observations, or textual input alone. This helps disentangle memory limitations from understanding failures while reducing memory-independent shortcuts. MemInStream provides a systematic evaluation of memory capabilities through four major categories, covering Episodic Retrieval, State Tracking \& Updating, Multi-Evidence Integration, and Contextual Memory across diverse video scenarios. Overall, \textsc{MemInStream} provides a comprehensive and reliable benchmark for systematically evaluating memory capabilities in streaming video understanding.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.17757

OSCAR: Offline Spectral Covariance-Aware Rotation for 2-bit KV Cache Quantization

Zhongzhu Zhou, Donglin Zhuang, Jisen Li, Ziyan Chen, Shuaiwen Leon Song, Ben Athiwaratkun, Xiaoxia Wu

原文摘要

INT2 KV-cache quantization is attractive for long-context LLM serving, yet making it both accurate and practical remains challenging. Data-oblivious rotations such as Hadamard transforms flatten channel outliers, but still degrade sharply at INT2 because they ignore how downstream attention queries the cache. We propose OSCAR, an ultra-low-bit KV-cache quantization method that estimates attention-aware covariance targets offline and uses them to derive fixed per-layer rotations and clipping thresholds. By aligning the quantization basis with the second-moment structures consumed by attention, OSCAR preserves attention fidelity at 2-bit precision. Beyond theoretical analysis under a frozen-error surrogate, we build a serving-ready OSCAR system with fused Triton write and decode kernels that preserve paged KV-cache layouts and prefix caching, integrating into modern serving engines such as SGLang and vLLM. We evaluate OSCAR on reasoning and coding benchmarks with generation traces of up to 32K tokens across five tasks. On Qwen3-4B-Thinking-2507 and Qwen3-8B, OSCAR narrows the BF16 accuracy gap to 3.78 and 1.21 points, respectively, where Hadamard-only INT2 collapses, and matches BF16 within run-to-run variance on Qwen3-32B and GLM-4.7 (358B parameters). On RULER-NIAH up to 128K tokens, OSCAR substantially outperforms QuaRot-style INT2 across context lengths. System-wise, OSCAR compresses KV-cache memory by nearly $8\times$, boosts multi-request throughput by up to $7.8\times$ at large batch sizes within the same memory budget, and accelerates batch-size-1 decoding by up to $3.1\times$ over BF16 by cutting KV memory traffic.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.DC · cs.PF

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.13544

DASWeave: Weaving Evidence across Speaking Conditions for Multimodal Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Screening

Binyan Chen, Tong Pan, Yadong Liu, Xin Yun, Shangfei Wang

原文摘要

Multimodal screening for depression, anxiety, and stress in children and adolescents uses verbal and nonverbal behaviour. Most existing multimodal methods learn from a single recording or interview. Yet a participant's behaviour changes with the speaking condition, and these changes hold evidence that is invisible in a single recording. We propose DASWeave to bring this evidence into a neural network that encodes each response and then combines all responses of a participant. We train supervised trees to find which behavioural statistics matter for screening, both within each response and in how they change across conditions. We feed the tree outputs into the network both before and after this combination. We fine-tune a large language model to relate what a participant says to how they say it across conditions, and feed its representation into the network after the combination. The language model reads behaviour as text descriptions. We therefore derive additional training targets for the network from a multimodal large language model that takes in the audio-visual features directly. On the official hidden test set of the ACM Multimedia 2026 AdoDAS Grand Challenge (Track 1), DASWeave ranks second among 95 eligible teams. Its mean F1 is 27.1% higher than that of the official audio-visual baseline. It also has the highest mean AUROC among the top five teams. Ablation studies on the validation set show that the supervised trees and the fine-tuned language model contribute most to mean F1.

cs.MM

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2605.11970

NOFE - Neural Operator Function Embedding

Lars Uebbing, Harald L. Joakimsen, Siyan Chen, Georgios Leontidis, Kristoffer K. Wickstrøm, Michael C. Kampffmeyer, Sébastien Lefèvre, Arnt-Børre Salberg 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Most dimensionality reduction methods treat data as discrete point clouds, ignoring the continuous domain structure inherent to many real-world processes. To bridge this gap, we introduce Neural Operator Function Embedding (NOFE), a domain-aware framework for continuous dimensionality reduction. NOFE learns function-to-function mappings via a Graph Kernel Operator, enabling mesh-free evaluation at arbitrary query locations independent of input discretization. We establish NOFE as approximation of sheaf-to-sheaf mappings, generalizing Sheaf Neural Networks to continuous domains. We evaluate NOFE across different datasets, comparing it against six traditional as well as recently developed methods, including PCA, t-SNE, UMAP. Our results demonstrate that NOFE significantly outperforms baselines in local structure preservation, achieving a local Stress of 0.125 compared to 0.464 for PCA, 0.694 $-$ 2.127 for remaining methods on the ERA5 climate reanalysis dataset. NOFE also exhibits robust sampling independence, reducing the Patch Stitching Error by up to $20.0\times$ relative to UMAP (13.035 vs. 267.586 under regional normalization) and ensuring consistency across disjoint domain patches. While maintaining competitive global structure preservation (Stress-1: 0.379 vs. PCA's 0.268), NOFE resolves fine-grained structures and produces smooth, consistent embeddings that generalize across varying sample densities, addressing key limitations of discrete reduction methods.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.07317

Amortized-Precision Quantization for Early-Exit Vision Transformers

Rui Fang, Hsi-Wen Chen, Ming-Syan Chen

原文摘要

Vision Transformers (ViTs) achieve strong performance across vision tasks, yet their deployment with low-precision early exiting remains fragile. Existing quantization methods assume static full-depth execution, making them unstable when exit decisions are perturbed by quantization noise, which can amplify errors along dynamic inference paths. In this paper, we introduce Amortized-Precision Quantization (APQ), a utilization-aware formulation that accounts for layer utilization when modeling quantization error and reveals depth-precision trade-offs. Building on APQ, we propose Mutual Adaptive Quantization with Early Exiting (MAQEE), a bi-level framework that jointly optimizes exit thresholds and bit-widths under explicit risk control to improve inference stability. MAQEE establishes a superior Pareto frontier in the accuracy-efficiency trade-off across classification, detection, and segmentation, with comparisons at predefined task-specific performance targets. On ImageNet, it achieves 79.41% Top-1 accuracy while reducing BOPs by 10.9% relative to utilization-only allocation. Measurements of the deployed models on an RTX 5090 show GPU throughput improvements of $2.26\times$ on ImageNet and $3.06\times$ on CIFAR-100 over full-depth FP32 inference. Source code is available at https://github.com/Rui-Fang/MAQEE.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.10469

Hibana: Fast Agentic Inference on Unified-Memory Devices

Yahya Emara, Chi-Chih Chang, Anthony Fei, Ahmed F. AbouElhamayed, Chong-Yan Chen, Hung-Yueh Chiang, Kai-Chiang Wu, Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

原文摘要

Local AI promises capable personal assistants that run on users' own devices, keeping data and computation under their control. Open-weight models that fit on local devices can now handle practical tasks such as coding. Yet current inference engines fall short. Popular engines such as vLLM and SGLang target datacenter GPUs with dedicated host memory, while local engines underuse the memory hierarchy of unified-memory devices. We present Hibana, an inference engine for unified-memory devices that co-optimizes model representation, memory management, and decoding strategy. Model surgery, the process of editing a trained model's architecture to suit its hardware, changes how the model computes, shrinking its memory footprint and data movement. Unified-memory management preserves each agent's state across turns, so long-running agents can resume instantly instead of recomputing their state. Adaptive speculation generates several tokens per step. Hibana codesigns these features around the shared memory capacity and limited bandwidth of unified-memory systems-on-chip to support local multi-agent workloads. On a single DGX Spark serving Qwen and Nemotron models of up to 125B parameters, Hibana completes up to 3.4$\times$ more agentic tasks per hour and delivers up to 3.9$\times$ higher decoding throughput than other established frameworks such as vLLM, NVIDIA Flare, llama.cpp, and TensorFold. Code is available at https://github.com/sharar-project/hibana.

cs.CL · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v5arXiv:2602.14697

Evolutionary System Prompt Learning for Reinforcement Learning in LLMs

Lunjun Zhang, Ryan Chen, Bradly C. Stadie

原文摘要

Building agentic systems that can autonomously self-improve from experience is a longstanding goal of AI. Large language models (LLMs) today primarily self-improve via two mechanisms: self-reflection for context updates, and reinforcement learning (RL) for weight updates. In this work, we propose Evolutionary System Prompt Learning (E-SPL), a method for jointly improving a model's experiential context and its weights. In each RL iteration, E-SPL samples trajectories under multiple system prompts in parallel, then uses them to jointly update the weights with RL and evolve the system prompts with self-reflection. E-SPL encourages a natural division between procedural knowledge in weights and interpretable declarative knowledge in system prompts. Most notably, in an easy-to-hard generalization setting (AIME $\rightarrow$ BeyondAIME), E-SPL improves RL success rate from 38.8% $\rightarrow$ 45.1%. E-SPL also improves RL on AIME 2025 (56.3% $\rightarrow$ 60.6%), HMMT 2025 (50.0% $\rightarrow$ 52.7%), and agentic search (44.2% $\rightarrow$ 48.6% on gpt-oss-120b). Across all settings, E-SPL outperforms both RL-only and evolution-only baselines, demonstrating that weight updates and context updates are deeply synergistic and can together yield gains in generalization that neither achieves alone. Code is available at https://github.com/LunjunZhang/E-SPL.

cs.AI · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2605.00020

AirFM-DDA: Air-Interface Foundation Model in the Delay-Doppler-Angle Domain for AI-Native 6G

Kejia Bian, Meixia Tao, Jianhua Mo, Zhiyong Chen, Leyan Chen

原文摘要

The success of large foundation models is catalyzing a new paradigm for AI-native 6G network design: wireless foundation models for physical-layer design. However, existing models often operate on channel state information (CSI) in the spatial-temporal-frequency (STF) domain, where multipath components are superimposed and structurally entangled. This hinders the learning of a universal channel representation. Their reliance on global attention also incurs prohibitive overhead. In this paper, we propose AirFM-DDA, an Air-interface Foundation Model in the Delay-Doppler-Angle (DDA) domain. AirFM-DDA reparameterizes CSI into the DDA domain to resolve multipath components along physically meaningful axes and employs window-based attention with frame-structure-aware positional encoding. Extensive experiments demonstrate transferability across scenarios, tasks, datasets, and antenna configurations. For channel prediction and estimation, AirFM-DDA generalizes zero-shot to unseen cities, achieving average normalized mean-square error (NMSE) gains of 4.9-8.5 dB over the strongest baselines. With only 10% labeled data, it achieves average gains of 12.0 percentage points in Top-1 accuracy for beam prediction and 3.4 percentage points in F1 score for line-of-sight (LoS) identification. It further transfers across simulated datasets and adapts to measured data and different antenna arrays. Compared with global attention, window-based attention reduces training and inference costs by nearly an order of magnitude.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.IT · eess.SP

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07879

Network Effect Decomposition for Causal Effect Estimation under Network Interference

Zhirong Huang, Wenzhen Zhang, Guangquan Lu, Boyan Chen, Debo Cheng, Shichao Zhang

原文摘要

Estimating causal effects from observational network data requires accounting for both individual treatment and neighborhood exposure. Existing outcome models commonly incorporate these intervention variables into a joint predictor and estimate causal effects through prediction contrasts, leaving the corresponding response components implicit. We propose the $\underline{N}$etwork $\underline{E}$ffect $\underline{D}$ecomposition $\underline{Net}$work (NEDNet), which parameterizes the conditional outcome response as a query-invariant pre-treatment baseline plus separate treatment- and exposure-response pathways. Path-specific neighborhood contextualization supplies local pre-treatment information to the two pathways. We characterize the fitted response through a unique reference-normalized decomposition, which is equivalent to a zero mixed treatment--exposure contrast. Experiments on semi-synthetic benchmarks derived from BlogCatalog and Flickr show that NEDNet achieves the lowest PEHE among the compared methods for individual, peer, and total effects across homogeneous and covariate-heterogeneous response settings.

stat.ML · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06970

DiaHeads: Jointly Generating Coordinated 3D Dialogue Heads with Non-verbal Cues from Dual Audio

Jiahe Wang, Yuxin Wang, Xin Yun, Binyan Chen, Tong Pan, Zhenjie Liu, Shangfei Wang

原文摘要

Audio-driven 3D head animation has made considerable progress in generation realism, yet generating coordinated behavior for two-person dialogue remains difficult, because current dialogue head generation methods overlook the modeling of non-verbal behavior semantics between the two participants. To address this limitation, we present DiaHeads, a framework that generates the behavior of both participants jointly. The two audio streams are concatenated and decoded together, so each participant's motion is conditioned on the other, which makes the interaction part of the generation itself. We further introduce four discrete non-verbal cues, gaze-on, head shaking, nodding, and smiling, and fuse them with the continuous parameters in a shared latent space through a product-of-experts posterior. These cues carry the interaction semantics and constrain how the continuous motion is generated. A flow-based prior over the shared latent variable replaces the standard Gaussian prior and makes the latent motion temporally dependent. These designs therefore yield coordinated 3D dialogue heads. To support this task we build CANDOR-FG, a dialogue corpus derived from CANDOR and augmented with synchronized FLAME parameters and 3D gaze for both interlocutors. Experiments on CANDOR-FG show that DiaHeads achieves competitive per-participant fidelity and substantial gains in interpersonal coordination over single-speaker and dyadic baselines. In addition, ablations confirm that joint generation, the flow-based prior, and multi-cue supervision are the sources of this coordination. Finally, a user study shows that the advantage of DiaHeads comes from perceived interactional coordination rather than from raw motion fidelity alone.

cs.MM

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2607.25242

Medical world models in healthcare: capabilities, evidence, and trustworthy clinical translation

Wanshu Fan, Zhongxiu Cong, Zhaoyan Chen, Zhuanfeng Jin, Qi Ai, Haifan Gong, Congyu Liao, Xiaofeng Liu 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Medical world models offer a framework for extending medical artificial intelligence beyond static prediction by representing evolving patient states and modelling how they change over time and in response to clinical interventions. This Review uses structured narrative synthesis and reproducible evidence mapping to define conceptual boundaries, technical foundations, application domains, and clinical evidence requirements. We screened 1,455 unique records and assembled a corpus of 300 sources, including 14 studies that met a strict empirical definition of a medical world model. The field is organized around four capabilities: patient state representation, temporal dynamics modelling, intervention-conditioned simulation, and clinician-supervised planning. Evidence spans medical imaging, longitudinal electronic health records, treatment response modelling, physiological and multimodal state modelling, ultrasound and surgical interaction, and population and health-system simulation; clinical digital twins are treated as a cross-cutting integration framework. Studies provide early evidence of technical feasibility for trajectory forecasting and comparison of candidate interventions, but most remain retrospective, task-specific, or preclinical. We distinguish functional capability from clinical evidence maturity and specify evidence needed to support progressively stronger clinical claims, from temporal forecasting to intervention comparison and planning-oriented decision support. These requirements include precise intervention representations, robust causal and mechanistic grounding, calibrated trajectory-level uncertainty, safety-constrained planning, external validation, and prospective multicentre evaluation against clinically meaningful endpoints. This framework aims to distinguish technically plausible simulation from clinically supportable prediction and decision support.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.15550

Adoption of Generative AI in the Workplace: Increasing and Shifting the Balance of Productivity and Communication Activity

Yulin Yu, Yan Chen, Rui Hu, Siddharth Suri, Scott Counts

原文摘要

Generative AI is transforming the workplace by augmenting and automating cognitive tasks, reshaping how organizations work and innovate while raising questions about workplace inequality and the future of work. Despite rapid adoption, empirical evidence on how these tools alter work practices and generate productivity gains remains limited. We examine how AI use affects the quantity and nature of information work using digital trace data from the Microsoft M365 application suite across multiple large international companies. Specifically, we study how generative AI adoption shifts the balance between communication and productivity-oriented activities, such as content creation in Word. Difference-in-Differences analyses show that AI adoption is associated with significant increases in both productivity (21.2%) and communication (7.1%) application actions among users who used the AI system more than 100 times over a 20-week post-adoption period. Among users with 100-500 AI use instances, higher AI usage is also associated with continued increases in both types of activity. The smaller increase in communication represents an overall shift toward individual, documentation-focused work and reflects mixed changes in communication, including decreases in reading and organizing email, compared with more uniform increases in productivity actions. These findings suggest potential efficiency gains and reductions in information overload, while highlighting the need to ensure that AI adoption does not weaken interpersonal communication and the diffusion of diverse information that supports innovation.

cs.HC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v4arXiv:2511.16417

Pharos-ESG: A Framework for Multimodal Parsing, Contextual Narration, and Hierarchical Labeling of ESG Report

Yan Chen, Yu Zou, Jialei Zeng, Haoran You, Xiaorui Zhou, Aixi Zhong

原文摘要

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles are reshaping the foundations of global financial governance, transforming capital allocation architectures, regulatory frameworks, and systemic risk coordination mechanisms. However, as the core medium for assessing corporate ESG performance, the ESG reports present significant challenges for large-scale understanding, due to chaotic reading order from slide-like irregular layouts and implicit hierarchies arising from lengthy, weakly structured content. To address these challenges, we propose Pharos-ESG, a unified framework that transforms ESG reports into structured representations through multimodal parsing, contextual narration, and hierarchical labeling. It integrates a reading-order modeling module based on layout flow, hierarchy-aware segmentation guided by table-of-contents anchors, and a multi-modal aggregation pipeline that contextually transforms visual elements into coherent natural language. The framework further enriches its outputs with ESG, GRI, and sentiment labels, yielding annotations aligned with the analytical demands of financial research. Extensive experiments on annotated benchmarks demonstrate that Pharos-ESG consistently outperforms both dedicated document parsing systems and general-purpose multimodal models. In addition, we release Aurora-ESG, the first large-scale public dataset of ESG reports, spanning Mainland China, Hong Kong, and U.S. markets, featuring unified structured representations of multi-modal content, enriched with fine-grained layout and semantic annotations to better support ESG integration in financial governance and decision-making.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2610.29968

CulturalRiddles: A Multicultural Benchmark of Riddles

My Chiffon Nguyen, Tianyi Hu, Vinod Anbalagan, Henry Gagnier, Pouya Sadeghi, Farah Abdou, Tidor-Vlad Pricope, Diego MMS Oliveira 等 164 位作者

原文摘要

As LLMs expand their language coverage, evaluating how well they understand and represent diverse cultures becomes increasingly important. However, many benchmarks remain English-centric, with limited cultural coverage and a focus on factual knowledge over its application in real-world cultural contexts. We propose CulturalRiddles, a benchmark of original, culturally grounded riddles created entirely by humans through a participatory community effort, spanning 62 cultures (45 countries, 51 languages). These riddles are deeply rooted in their respective cultures and require abductive and compositional reasoning, alongside detailed factual and social knowledge, language skills, and an understanding of culturally specific associations. We benchmark 28 LLM configurations using both automatic and large-scale human evaluation. Even frontier models achieve at most 22% accuracy in some communities. We publicly release all artifacts alongside an open contribution process to expand the benchmark's linguistic and cultural coverage.

cs.CL · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36335

OA-RAG: Ontology-based Agentic RAG for Faithful LLM Reasoning

Hui Yang, Jiaoyan Chen, Yongsheng Gao

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) perform well across many real-world tasks but remain prone to hallucination, limiting their reliability in domains such as biomedicine and healthcare, where answers must be grounded in established knowledge. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates this problem by incorporating external information, but often overlooks logical relationships and relies heavily on the LLM's own reasoning, which can compromise answer faithfulness. We propose OA-RAG, an agent that integrates formal reasoning with LLM reasoning, drawing on both the logical structure and informal annotations of domain ontologies. For each answer, OA-RAG reports the ontology observations used as evidence and a model-assessed grounding level (entailed, supported, related, or unrelated) that characterises the strength of that evidence. Across benchmarks derived from three large-scale ontologies and six real-world medical question-answering tasks, OA-RAG achieves the best overall performance among the evaluated ontology-fine-tuned and popular RAG methods, with particularly strong results on reasoning-intensive tasks. The reported grounding levels also offer a useful indication of answer reliability, with stronger grounding generally associated with higher accuracy. Finally, our results demonstrate the value of ontologies as knowledge sources: OA-RAG is competitive with, and sometimes outperforms, domain-specific RAG systems that draw on sources such as textbooks.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.29742

MicroAgent: Context-Augmented Multi-Agent Framework for Automatic Microservice Decomposition

Zishan Su, Junjie Huang, Shiwen Shan, Xingyan Chen, Hui Zeng, Yuxin Su, Yanlin Wang, Michael R. Lyu

原文摘要

The adoption of Microservice Architecture (MSA) has revolutionized software engineering by enhancing scalability, agility, and maintainability over traditional monolithic applications. As more developers transition their legacy systems to microservice-based architectures, effective microservice decomposition-partitioning monolithic applications into highly cohesive services-becomes vital. However, this decomposition task presents significant challenges. Manual approaches are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Existing automated methods often fail to capture the necessary semantic insights from complex applications, while naive applications of Large Language Models tend to overlook crucial contextual information and design principles, leading to suboptimal results. To address these challenges, we propose MicroAgent, a Context-Augmented Multi-Agent Framework for Microservice Decomposition. Our framework divides the decomposition process into five distinct subtasks and assigns each to a specialized agent. To enhance the effectiveness of each agent, we provide tailored, multi-granularity context that keeps its analysis focused and mitigates information overload. Furthermore, to ensure the decomposition adheres to established design principles, we integrate analytical tools that guide the agents' decision-making. Experimental evaluations on 10 Java Web applications demonstrate that MicroAgent achieves an average decomposition accuracy of 89.2%, outperforming the state-of-the-art method by 24.6%. We also conduct a case study to highlight the practical benefits of our design.

cs.SE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-industry.135ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

AesX: Enhance Your Images with Stunning Aesthetic Beauty

Yuyan Chen, Zhendong Hou, Lei Xia, Jiahao Li, Zhuolin Ji, Zhixu Li

原文摘要

In the fields of advertising design, artistic creation, and cultural dissemination, there is an increasingly urgent demand for high-quality images that cater to fine-grained aesthetic preferences. Although existing large-scale models can generally meet basic requirements for clarity and alignment with textual elements, they still face significant bottlenecks in achieving precise control and aesthetic optimization. To address this limitation, we propose a set of comprehensive preference indicators across two major dimensions, text-image consistency and aesthetic quality, encompassing multiple criteria ranging from exposure and clarity to visual guidance and innovativeness. Building on these indicators, we have developed a generative framework named AesX to steer the model consistently toward a generation path that more closely aligns with human aesthetic sensibilities. Our experimental findings demonstrate that this approach yields significant improvements in both target recognition accuracy and overall visual aesthetic presentation.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 6: Industry Track) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1127ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Can Persona-Prompted LLMs Emulate Subgroup Values? An Empirical Analysis of Generalisability and Fairness in Cultural Alignment

Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan, Zhengyuan Liu Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Xiaoyuan Yi Microsoft Research, Jing Yao Microsoft, Xing Xie Microsoft Research Asia, Nancy F. Chen A*STAR, Roy Ka-Wei Lee Singapore University of Technology and Design

原文摘要

Despite their global prevalence, many Large Language Models (LLMs) are aligned to a monolithic, often Western-centric set of values. This paper investigates the more challenging task of fine-grained value alignment: examining whether LLMs can emulate the distinct cultural values of demographic subgroups. Using Singapore as a case study and the World Values Survey (WVS), we examine the value landscape and show that even state-of-the-art models like GPT-4.1 achieve only 57.4% accuracy in predicting subgroup modal preferences. We construct a dataset of over 20,000 samples to train and evaluate a range of models. We demonstrate that simple fine-tuning on structured numerical preferences yields substantial gains, improving accuracy on unseen, out-of-distribution subgroups by an average of 17.4%. These gains partially transfer to open-ended generation. However, we find significant pre-existing performance biases, where models better emulate young, male, Chinese, and Christian personas. Furthermore, while fine-tuning improves average performance, it widens the disparity between subgroups when measured by distance-aware metrics. Our work offers insights into the limits and fairness implications of subgroup-level cultural alignment.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1677ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

SQL-Trail: Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learning with Interleaved Feedback for Text-to-SQL

Harper Hua, Zhen Han Amazon, Zhengyuan Shen Amazon, Meng-Chieh Lee Amazon, Sheng Guan, Qi Zhu Amazon, Sullam Jeoung Amazon, Yueyan Chen Amazon 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

While large language models (LLMs) have substantially improved Text-to-SQL generation, a pronounced gap remains between AI systems and human experts on challenging benchmarks such as BIRD-SQL. We argue this gap stems largely from the prevailing single-pass paradigm, which lacks the iterative reasoning, schema exploration, and error-correction behaviors that humans naturally employ. To address this limitation, we introduce SQL-Trail, a multi-turn reinforcement learning (RL) agentic framework for Text-to-SQL. Rather than producing a query in one shot, SQL-Trail interacts with the database environment and uses execution feedback to iteratively refine its predictions. Our approach centers on two key ideas: (i) an adaptive turn-budget allocation mechanism that scales the agent’s interaction depth to match question difficulty, and (ii) a composite reward panel that jointly incentivizes SQL correctness and efficient exploration. Across benchmarks, SQL-Trail sets a new state of the art and delivers strong data efficiency—up to 18× higher than prior single-pass RL state-of-the-art methods. Notably, our 7B and 14B models outperform substantially larger proprietary systems by 5% on average, underscoring the effectiveness of interactive, agentic workflows for robust Text-to-SQL generation.

cs.CL · cs.AI

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.18ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

MINTQA: A Multi-Hop Question Answering Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs on New and Long-tail Knowledge

Jie He, Nan Hu Southeast University, Wanqiu Long, Jiaoyan Chen The University of Manchester, Jeff Z. Pan University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh

原文摘要

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge, enabling them to tackle knowledge-intensive tasks. However, limited research has explored how LLMs effectively leverage RAG techniques for multi-hop question answering (QA), particularly when handling knowledge with with varying degrees of familiarity. In this paper, we introduce MINTQA (Multi-hop Question Answering on New and Tail Knowledge), a benchmark designed to evaluate multi-hop QA performance on questions involving 10,479 question-answer pairs for evaluating old/new knowledge and 17,887 pairs for assessing popular/unpopular knowledge, with each question equipped with corresponding sub-questions and answers. This benchmark primarily evaluates the multi-hop reasoning ability of LLMs and their capacity to handle knowledge with varying levels of familiarity during the reasoning process. We evaluate 22 state-of-the-art LLMs using three distinct QA strategies: LLM-based parameterized knowledge QA, direct RAG-enhanced QA, and multi-hop RAG-enhanced QA. Our experiments reveal key challenges in how LLMs handle knowledge with different familiarity and offer insights into improving their multi-hop reasoning capabilities when combined with RAG techniques.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1843ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

ASTRA: An Automated Framework for Strategy Discovery, Retrieval, and Evolution for Jailbreaking LLMs

Xu Liu East China University of Science and Technology, Yan Chen East China University of Science and Technology, Kan Ling East China University of Science and Technology, Yichi Zhu, Hengrun Zhang East China University of Science and Technology, Guisheng Fan East China University of Science and Technology, Huiqun Yu

原文摘要

Despite extensive safety alignment, Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. However, existing methods generally lack the capability for continuous learning and self-evolution from interactions, limiting the diversity and adaptability of attack strategies. To address this, we propose ASTRA, an automated framework capable of autonomously discovering, retrieving, and evolving attack strategies. ASTRA operates on a closed-loop "attack-evaluate-distill-reuse” mechanism, which not only generates attack prompts but also automatically distills reusable strategies from every interaction. To systematically manage these strategies, we introduce a dynamic three-tier strategy library (Effective, Promising, and Ineffective) that categorizes strategies based on performance. This hierarchical memory mechanism enables the framework to enhance efficiency by leveraging successful patterns while optimizing the exploration space by avoiding known failures. Extensive experiments in a black-box setting demonstrate that ASTRA significantly outperforms existing baselines.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.29ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

IntrAgent: An LLM Agent for Content-Grounded Information Retrieval through Literature Review

Fengbo Ma University of Georgia, Zixin Rao, Xiaoting Li University of Georgia, Zhetao Chen, Hongyue Sun University of Georgia, Yiping Zhao University of Georgia, Xianyan Chen University of Georgia, Zhen Xiang University of Georgia

原文摘要

Scientific research relies on accurate information retrieval from literature to support analytical decisions.In this work, we introduce a new task, INformation reTRieval through literAture reVIEW (IntraView), which aims to automate fine-grained information retrieval faithfully grounded in the provided content in response to research-driven queries, and propose IntrAgent, an LLM-based agent that addresses this challenging task.In particular, IntrAgent is designed to mimic human behaviors when reading literature for information retrieval - identifying relevant sections and then iteratively extracting key details to refine the retrieved information.It follows a two-stage pipeline: a Section Ranking stage that prioritizes relevant literature sections through structural-knowledge-enabled reasoning, and an Iterative Reading stage that continuously extracts details and synthesizes them into concise, contextually grounded answers.To support rigorous evaluation, we introduce IntraBench, a new benchmark consisting of 315 test instances built from expert-authored questions paired with literature spanning five STEM domains.Across seven backbone LLMs, IntrAgent achieves on average 13.2% higher cross-domain accuracy than state-of-the-art RAG and research-agent baselines.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.339ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Beyond Accuracy: Unveiling Inefficiency Patterns in Tool-Integrated Reasoning

Qisheng Su, Shiting Huang, Zhen Fang University of Science and Technology of China, Ziyan Chen, Zehui Chen, Feng Zhao University of Science and Technology of China

原文摘要

In real-world Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) scenarios, a major source of inefficiency is that the toolcalls create pauses between LLM requests and cause KV-cache eviction. Also, the long, unfiltered response returned by external tools inflates the KV-cache, so each decode step spends more time loading the growing cache and thus becomes steadily slower as context length increases. However, existing efficiency metrics like token counts and toolcall counts fail to capture this real computational cost. To address this, we introduce PTE (Prefill Token Equivalents), a hardware-aware TIR-efficiency metric that unifies internal reasoning and external tool-use costs while explicitly accounting for non-reusable KV-Cache and long-tool-response scenarios, thus better reflects real-world scenarios. We conduct extensive experiments across five TIR benchmarks, quantify their PTE costs, and identify four inefficiency patterns that appear in TIR. In a simulated high-concurrency industrial setting, PTE explains wall-clock latency significantly better than token-count metric. We also discover that trajectories with higher PTE costs tend to have lower reasoning correctness, indicating that simply using more tools does not improve the quality of the answer. PTE offers a new perspective on the efficiency of Tool-Integrated Reasoning. The code is available.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.989ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

MMAC: A Multilingual, Multimodal Alignment Framework for Cultural Grounding Evaluation

Weihua Zheng, Zhengyuan Liu Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Tanmoy Chakraborty Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Weiwen Xu Alibaba Group, Xiaoxue Gao, Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan, Bowei Zou A*STAR, Chang Liu Shanghai University of Finance and Economics 等 35 位作者

原文摘要

The global deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) underscores the urgent need to evaluate their cultural alignment. However, assessing genuine “cultural awareness” across modalities (text, vision, speech) and languages remains a significant challenge. To comprehensively investigate this domain, we propose MMAC, a systematic framework that encompasses a tri-modally aligned cultural benchmark creation pipeline and a five-dimensional evaluation protocol to assess cross-country awareness disparities, evaluate cross-lingual and cross-modal consistency, and verify cultural knowledge generalization and grounding validity. Given the prevailing Western cultural bias in current models, we focus on 8 Asian countries as our dataset foundation to more acutely reveal potential cultural deficiencies in LLMs. Our dataset, MMAC-bench, features 27,000 human-curated questions across 10 languages. Crucially, it is the first dataset aligned at the input level across text, image, and speech, enabling direct cross-modal transfer tests. Each question consists of multiple-choice options accompanied by open-ended generated explanations, where 79% require multi-step reasoning grounded in cultural context, moving beyond simple memorization. We probe the causes of modal divergence, offering insights into fostering culturally robust MLLMs.

cs.CL · cs.CV

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表