← 研踪 PaperTrailarXiv:2611.09799 · v1
On the Order of Privacy and Smoothing in Functional Mean Estimation
函数均值估计中隐私与平滑的次序问题
首次提交 2026-11-07 01:53
版本更新 2026-11-07 01:53
雷达观测 2026-11-09 13:22
摘要
Differential privacy (DP) is a leading framework for privacy protection, yet privacy mechanisms tailored to functional data analysis (FDA) remain relatively underexplored. For functional mean estimation, we investigate a fundamental question regarding the ordering of privatization and estimation by comparing two canonical pipelines: Fit-Then-Protect (FTP), which smooths trajectories before privatization, and Protect-Then-Fit (PTF), which privatizes observations at discrete time points before smoothing. When data are observed without error, we prove that FTP achieves strictly smaller mean squared error than PTF asymptotically (as the sample size increases) under the same -Gaussian differential privacy (-GDP) budget in both finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces and infinite-dimensional reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS). Simulation studies support our theory and explore settings with observation error and fitting constraints, demonstrating that FTP outperforms PTF under small observation noise, whereas PTF can become preferable in high-noise settings. In addition to this comparison, we establish a novel GDP guarantee for Gaussian perturbations taking values in a Banach space, extending existing results beyond the RKHS setting.
作者备注：45 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
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v1 · 2026-11-07 01:53 · 最新观测版本
On the Order of Privacy and Smoothing in Functional Mean Estimation
Differential privacy (DP) is a leading framework for privacy protection, yet privacy mechanisms tailored to functional data analysis (FDA) remain relatively underexplored. For functional mean estimation, we investigate a fundamental question regarding the ordering of privatization and estimation by comparing two canonical pipelines: Fit-Then-Protect (FTP), which smooths trajectories before privatization, and Protect-Then-Fit (PTF), which privatizes observations at discrete time points before smoothing. When data are observed without error, we prove that FTP achieves strictly smaller mean squared error than PTF asymptotically (as the sample size increases) under the same -Gaussian differential privacy (-GDP) budget in both finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces and infinite-dimensional reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS). Simulation studies support our theory and explore settings with observation error and fitting constraints, demonstrating that FTP outperforms PTF under small observation noise, whereas PTF can become preferable in high-noise settings. In addition to this comparison, we establish a novel GDP guarantee for Gaussian perturbations taking values in a Banach space, extending existing results beyond the RKHS setting.
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