← 研踪 PaperTrailarXiv:2611.12883 · v1
Beyond Modality Preference: Controlling Multimodal Arbitration under Modality Conflict in MLLMs
首次提交 2026-11-10 02:59
版本更新 2026-11-10 02:59
雷达观测 2026-11-10 15:22
摘要
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) integrate information across modalities, but become unreliable when those modalities disagree. Under conflicting inputs, MLLMs may favor modalities that are not the most reliable for the task, thus motivating inference-time control of modality arbitration. We identify a small set of attention heads, termed arbitration heads, that causally influence whether predictions follow visual or textual evidence. Building on this, we introduce a lightweight, training-free intervention that biases these heads toward a designated trusted modality at inference time. The identified heads are stable across calibration set sizes and generalize across settings, and steering them enables effective bidirectional control of modality reliance across diverse benchmarks. Our findings identify an effective control mechanism to align MLLM predictions with task-specified modality priorities. The code is available at https://github.com/zhaoyingpan/modality-arbitration.
作者备注：WACV 2027
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v1 · 2026-11-10 02:59 · 最新观测版本
Beyond Modality Preference: Controlling Multimodal Arbitration under Modality Conflict in MLLMs
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) integrate information across modalities, but become unreliable when those modalities disagree. Under conflicting inputs, MLLMs may favor modalities that are not the most reliable for the task, thus motivating inference-time control of modality arbitration. We identify a small set of attention heads, termed arbitration heads, that causally influence whether predictions follow visual or textual evidence. Building on this, we introduce a lightweight, training-free intervention that biases these heads toward a designated trusted modality at inference time. The identified heads are stable across calibration set sizes and generalize across settings, and steering them enables effective bidirectional control of modality reliance across diverse benchmarks. Our findings identify an effective control mechanism to align MLLM predictions with task-specified modality priorities. The code is available at https://github.com/zhaoyingpan/modality-arbitration.
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