← 研踪 PaperTrailarXiv:2611.16639 · v1
Asymmetric Multimodal Learning with Decomposed JEPAs
首次提交 2026-11-12 19:13
版本更新 2026-11-12 19:13
雷达观测 2026-11-13 14:15
摘要
Cross-modal alignment is the standard objective for building multimodal representations. We show that alignment as a \emph{sole} objective is lossy wherever modalities are informationally asymmetric---where neither can express what the other carries. Visual question answering is an obvious case: a question is a selective relational operator probing a dense visual field whose fine-grained features no query recovers, so what alignment preserves is not what the task requires. We prove an \textbf{Alignment Redundancy Bound}: alignment-only Dirichlet energy minimization retains at most the redundant information atom $\Red(Z; X_1, X_2)$, annihilating private modality-specific structure $\Unq(Z; X_m)$ and cross-modal synergy $\Syn(Z; X_1, X_2)$. We introduce \textbf{Decomposed JEPA (D-JEPA)}, which factorizes latents into an aligned shared core and private modality-specific fibers. The shared core retains most of the structure alignment targets; the private fibers recover what alignment discards, via contextual masked prediction and asymmetric cross-subspace independence. Under information asymmetry, alignment-only training undergoes catastrophic semantic collapse on compositional reasoning benchmarks, surviving only on binary queries. D-JEPA averts this collapse, substantially improving downstream accuracy over both alignment-only and alignment-with-reconstruction baselines, and restoring a positive multimodal synergy gap in place of the baseline's inverted gap. Information-theoretic audits confirm that D-JEPA recovers most of the mutual information available from a frozen backbone, and causal fiber-swap interventions demonstrate that the recovered information is causally localized in the private fibers.
作者备注：15 pages, 12 tables, 3 figures
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v1 · 2026-11-12 19:13 · 最新观测版本
Asymmetric Multimodal Learning with Decomposed JEPAs
Cross-modal alignment is the standard objective for building multimodal representations. We show that alignment as a \emph{sole} objective is lossy wherever modalities are informationally asymmetric---where neither can express what the other carries. Visual question answering is an obvious case: a question is a selective relational operator probing a dense visual field whose fine-grained features no query recovers, so what alignment preserves is not what the task requires. We prove an \textbf{Alignment Redundancy Bound}: alignment-only Dirichlet energy minimization retains at most the redundant information atom $\Red(Z; X_1, X_2)$, annihilating private modality-specific structure $\Unq(Z; X_m)$ and cross-modal synergy $\Syn(Z; X_1, X_2)$. We introduce \textbf{Decomposed JEPA (D-JEPA)}, which factorizes latents into an aligned shared core and private modality-specific fibers. The shared core retains most of the structure alignment targets; the private fibers recover what alignment discards, via contextual masked prediction and asymmetric cross-subspace independence. Under information asymmetry, alignment-only training undergoes catastrophic semantic collapse on compositional reasoning benchmarks, surviving only on binary queries. D-JEPA averts this collapse, substantially improving downstream accuracy over both alignment-only and alignment-with-reconstruction baselines, and restoring a positive multimodal synergy gap in place of the baseline's inverted gap. Information-theoretic audits confirm that D-JEPA recovers most of the mutual information available from a frozen backbone, and causal fiber-swap interventions demonstrate that the recovered information is causally localized in the private fibers.
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