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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04315

Drift No More: Spectral Locking for Long-Horizon Open-Weight Multi-Agent AI

Vishal Pramanik, Maisha Maliha, Susmit Jha, Sumit Kumar Jha

原文摘要

Long-horizon multi-agent systems suffer from three tightly coupled failures: task drift, role drift, and state staleness. We test the hypothesis that these share a common representational cause: agent hidden states move away from the directions encoding the active task, assigned role, and current shared state. A pilot study over 14,832 annotated turns supports this: drifted turns collapse near-uniformly across all three anchor subspaces (pairwise r = 0.72-0.78). Existing methods address these failures separately, operating at the surface-text level or treating control directions independently. We introduce ATLAS (Algebraic Task-role Locking with Adaptive Spectral Memory), a training-free intervention acting on hidden states before a token is generated. ATLAS builds a positive-semidefinite anchor kernel over task, role, and state subspaces and steers hidden states toward their shared high-coherence eigendirections; a low-rank Gram decomposition keeps this tractable. Across long-horizon memory, state maintenance, tool use, least-privilege coordination, and embodied stress tests, ATLAS outperforms prompting, retrieval, memory, and activation-steering baselines. Against A-MEM it improves memory macro-average accuracy by up to 5.7 points and reduces write/read failures by up to 31.7%/24.8%; against MemoryArena-Agent it gains up to 4.8 points. It gains 10.7-12.1 points under perturbation, reaches 93.5% role consistency, and transfers to a 72B backbone (macro-average 61.0 vs. 56.2). Ablating the joint task-role-state span costs 7.2 points against 0.8 for a matched-rank random span, indicating these directions are functionally implicated, not incidental; supplying them by prompt or retrieval recovers 4.3 points less. ATLAS is therefore a representation-level controller for open-weight multi-agent systems, complementary to output-level protocols for black-box agents.

cs.AI · cs.MA

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04313

Coarse Semantic Blocks for Efficient Training-Free Sparse Attention

Sosuke Kobayashi, Shoichiro Yamaguchi, Seiya Tokui

原文摘要

We introduce a training-free sparse attention method that builds a prompt-specific key index to accelerate both prefill and decoding. The method clusters the keys into large semantic blocks that group tokens from noncontiguous positions. Each query position selects blocks by scoring their centroids and attends to the original keys and values within them. Queries that select the same block are processed together, so prefill stays fast even though each query chooses its own blocks. Large blocks make centroid scoring and this grouped processing cheap, so each query can attend to more tokens in the same time. Larger blocks with a larger token budget can thus be both faster and more accurate on long-context tasks than smaller blocks with a smaller budget. We evaluate two hybrid LLMs, Qwen3.5-4B and 35B-A3B, on one NVIDIA H200. Including the cost of building and using the index, whole-model wall-clock speedups over dense attention are 2.3-2.4x for prefill and 1.7-2.0x for decoding at 512K tokens, and 2.9-3.0x for prefill at 1M. The 35B-A3B model stays close to dense attention on five RULER tasks through 1M, on LongBench-v2 overall, and on MRCR through 256K. The 4B model loses accuracy mainly on multi-key retrieval, yet outperforms dense Qwen3.5-2B, whose latency is similar at 512K, on all three benchmarks.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v7arXiv:2606.03371

See, Foresee, Act: Intent-Aware World Modeling for Proactive Retail Assistance

Honghui Zhang, Anna Min, Chenmeinian Guo, Yujia Zhang, Zezhou Zhang, Yichen Yu, Guanyu Liu, Yongming Qin 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

World models allow agents to anticipate action consequences, but proactive assistance also requires interpreting incomplete observations and deciding whether to intervene before a user asks for help. We propose See-Foresee-Act and instantiate it as the Proactive Intent World Model (PIWM) for retail assistance. See preserves role-relevant observable evidence alongside AIDA-BDI customer states; Foresee predicts one-step consequences for candidate actions; Act explicitly compares those consequences, including non-intervention. GuidanceSalesBench supplies predominantly synthetic supervision linking observations, states, candidate outcomes, and decisions. On 509 Full test examples, consequence-based selection achieves 63.65% decision accuracy, compared with 45.38% for direct decision output, an improvement of 18.27 percentage points. These results support candidate-consequence comparison for decision reasoning in this retail task. Code and data will be released after consent verification and upon publication.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2509.21745

Reinforcement Learning based Traffic Signal Control for Queue Minimization: From Lane-based to Laneless Traffic

Anirud Nandakumar, Chayan Banerjee, Lelitha Devi Vanajakshi

原文摘要

Efficient traffic signal control (TSC) is essential for reducing congestion and delays. Traditional TSC methods struggle to capture the dynamics of laneless, heterogeneous traffic. We propose a reinforcement learning (RL) based adaptive TSC framework whose reward depends only on approach-level queue length, motivated by the difficulty of obtaining per-vehicle measurements in laneless traffic, and evaluate it using SUMO on a conventional lane-based, homogeneous (LBHO) intersection and on a non-orthogonal laneless, heterogeneous (LLHE) intersection. On the LBHO site, the lowest mean configuration has about 23\% lower mean queue length than a Dynamic Webster baseline, and the unselected Full-State configuration about 15\% lower. On the LLHE site, all RL configurations have 66-73\% lower mean queue length than a Dynamic Webster baseline under nominal demand, and 63--74\% lower under two higher-demand scenarios evaluated without retraining. Our algorithm also outperforms actuated control and a RESCO-DQN baseline on mean queue length. We additionally release a laneless, heterogeneous-vehicle SUMO framework integrated with RL based signal control, to our knowledge the first such open implementation on a current SUMO version.

eess.SY · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04309

What Is the Influence of Task Order in Continual Learning? An Empirical Study and Order-Aware Evaluation for Motion Forecasting

Zirui Li, Yunlong Lin, Haohan Yang, Xiaocong Zhao, Chen Lv

原文摘要

Aggregate scores for continual learning algorithms rest on a distribution over task orders that is rarely stated. We formulate algorithm comparison as an expectation over a declared order distribution, which separates training variation from order variation, and apply it to motion forecasting with four road-layout tasks from the INTERACTION dataset, all 24 task orders, four algorithms, and three training replicates (288 runs). Task order accounts for 65\% to 91\% of the variation in current-task error and backward transfer, and 90\% to 99\% of this order effect comes from the identity of the starting task: the smallest task cannot be learned from a cold start. Beyond the first stage, the order effect is comparable to training variability. In most orders, the leading algorithm in current-task error and backward transfer is within one replicate standard deviation of the runner-up. Backward transfer depends on the order mainly through its reference term, which weights the first task most heavily, so relative improvement and final error identify different leading algorithms for displacement error. A transition-direction descriptor computed from task statistics tracks the position of the smallest task, and weighting orders by it leaves the algorithm ranking unchanged. These results call for benchmarks that declare their order distribution and report order-resolved, starting-task-resolved, warm-start, and final errors alongside aggregate scores. The code and data are available \href{https://anonymous.4open.science/r/task-order-cl-4f7b/}{here}.

cs.LG · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04307

Nearly Linear-Time Follow-the-Perturbed-Leader for Weakly Observable Graph Bandits

Jongyeong Lee, Hyundam Yoo

原文摘要

We study online learning with directed weakly observable feedback graphs and propose a Follow-the-Perturbed-Leader (FTPL) policy that achieves best-of-both-worlds guarantee with nearly linear expected time complexity. To preserve the simple structure of FTPL, we develop a novel graph-based loss estimator that combines forced exploration, conditional geometric resampling and adaptive learning rates with surrogate probabilities. Our policy achieves $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(δ_*^{1/3} T^{2/3})$ regret for adversarial regimes as well as $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(δ_* \log T / Δ_{\min}^2)$ regret for stochastic regimes, where $δ_*$ and $Δ$, respectively, denote the fractional weak domination number and the suboptimality gap. These results show that refined guarantees for problems with minimax regret of $Θ(T^{2/3})$ can be obtained through appropriately designed adaptive learning rates and loss estimators without sacrificing the simplicity of FTPL.

stat.ML · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04305

Weather Adaptive Autonomous Driving

Nicholas Taylor, Alexander Picon, Sudip Dhakal

原文摘要

Camera object detectors lose recall in rain, fog, snow and sand, and the confidence threshold at which a detector is deployed decides how many objects it misses and how many false alarms it raises. We study how a frozen detector should make this decision in adverse weather. We first reproduce SeqCRC, a conformal object detector whose first step calibrates the confidence threshold by conformal risk control (CRC), and use that step, calibrated separately in each weather condition, as our baseline. With YOLOv8x it keeps the held-out miss fraction within a 20% budget in every DAWN weather bin, where a single global threshold fails in fog, but the false alarms it needs are an output rather than a choice: from 1.6 to 117 per image across DAWN and BDD100K conditions. We then propose a calibrated trade-off dial. One setting, $λ$, the number of false alarms accepted to avoid one missed object, selects the expected-cost-optimal decision rule: either one score threshold, or a per-detection rule that keeps a box when its calibrated probability of being a real object, estimated by gradient-boosted trees from the detector's own per-box outputs, is at least $1/(1+λ)$. F-score preferences map onto the same dial, and CRC applied to $λ$ itself is planned to restore a per-condition miss guarantee. The dial is fitted once on BDD100K train and graded only on BDD100K val and DAWN.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.41112

Calibration of Large Model Quantization based on HiFloat4 Format

Jing Huang, Yu Cheng, Ziwei Yu, Lan Zhao, Sitan Li, Guangxiu Yao, Xin Wang, Yuanyong Luo 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

Quantization of Large Language Models (LLMs) has become increasingly important for reducing the computational costs and resource requirements for practical deployment. Growing interest in this area has motivated the community to move beyond 8-bit quantization towards 4-bit precision, leading to the development of customized 4-bit formats such as MXFP4 and NVFP4. Recently, HiFloat4 (HiF4) has emerged as a competitive alternative which adopts a Block Floating-Point (BFP) format with a three-level scaling hierarchy, thereby achieving a significantly larger dynamic range. While quantization can substantially reduce memory usage and accelerate inference, it frequently introduces accuracy degradation. Calibration is therefore essential for narrowing the performance gap between low-precision quantized models and their full-precision counterparts. Nevertheless, existing calibration methods are mainly designed and validated using integer-precision formats, such as INT4, lacking support for HiF4 due to its hierarchical BFP structure. In this paper, we investigate three calibration approaches, namely HiGPTQ, HiAutoRound, and HiFlatQuant, to further enhance model quantization based on the HiF4 format. Extensive experiment s demonstrate that all three proposed approaches improve inference accuracy compared with direct HiF4 conversion, reducing the gap between HiF4 and BF16 to less than 1% and outperforming the state-of-the-art NVFP4 format across various models and downstream tasks.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04303

FlowTranslator: Training-Free In-Image Machine Translation with Flow-Based Editing

Zhixian Li, Xingsong Ye, Yongkun Du, Yunyan Xiao, Yanglin Huang, Pinxuan Chen, Jiyu Zhuang, Cong Xu 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

In-image machine translation (IIMT) replaces text in an image with its translation while preserving the surrounding visual context. Existing task-specific models achieve convincing performance but require massive paired training images before and after translation. As advanced text-to-image (T2I) models have reached a practically usable level of multilingual text generation, we argue that this capability can be transferred to IIMT and present FlowTranslator. It is a training-free IIMT framework that first employs an OCR model and an LLM to generate the translation prompt, which is injected into the T2I-based diffusion model. To optimize the accurate and natural generation of translated text, we introduce two trajectory controls: Region Coupling Release (RCR) partially decorrelates target-branch noise inside the text region early in the trajectory, while Coupling Expansion (CE) amplifies the emerging edit displacement mid-trajectory. Under the EasyOCR read-back protocol, FlowTranslator achieves average PRIM BLEU and COMET scores of 20.6 and 57.2, respectively, substantially outperforming the strong training-based baseline UniTranslator. On the more challenging and realistic whole-image ScenePair photographs translated into Chinese, it reaches 40.1\% exact-match accuracy and surpasses existing editing systems, some of which only address the text-rendering stage rather than the complete IIMT task. These results establish flow-based editing as a strong, fully training-free baseline for IIMT.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.02145

GatedV: Self-Gated Values for Transformer Language Models

Li-Ming Yu, Hongyu Zhou

原文摘要

Standard attention forms query (Q), key (K), and value (V) matrices through learned linear projections of input hidden states. Architectures such as GAU and Mega incorporate nonlinear transformations into attention. In this paper, we propose GatedV, a simple attention variant that applies SiLU only to V before aggregation without introducing additional trainable parameters. We evaluate GatedV against a standard decoder-only Transformer using matched parameter counts, paired initializations, and equal training-token budgets. At 2.33M parameters, GatedV reduces mean held-out perplexity from 59.1 to 57.9 (2.0%), with improvements across all five paired seeds. At 26.16M parameters, following an equal-budget learning-rate search, mean held-out perplexity falls from 20.2 to 19.7 (2.4%), with improvements across all three paired seeds. Small-model ablations show that the tested affine rescaling of values does not fully reproduce GatedV's gains. A short interleaved benchmark on NVIDIA DGX Spark measures approximately 0.7% higher full-context forward latency for the larger model, based on synchronized wall-clock timings. These findings suggest that value-only self-gating can improve language modeling performance without increasing parameter count or redesigning the attention-weighting mechanism.

cs.CL · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2511.13025

Recovering Geodesic Distances from Noisy Observations

Charles Fefferman, Jonathan Marty, Kevin Ren

原文摘要

Let $(M,d,μ)$ be a nice geodesic probability space (such as a manifold) and $X=\{x_i\}_{i\in [N]} \subset M$ a finite $μ$-i.i.d. sample. Suppose we observe noisy distance random variables $d'(x_i,x_j)$. When can the true distances be recovered to small additive error? This question has attracted interest in two disparate fields: latent-space graph models and boundary-value inverse problems. We first show that, taking $N \asymp ε^{-2d-2}|\logε|$ and using runtime $O(N^{2.5+o_d (1)})$, we can recover all distances in $X$ to additive error $O(ε|\logε|)$ with high probability, assuming $\mathbb{E} d'(x_i, x_j) = F(d(x_i,x_j))$ for an unknown, increasing bilipschitz $F$ and with the $d'(x_i,x_j)$ allowed to be arbitrarily heterogeneous in their distribution as long as they are bounded in subgaussian norm. This generalizes existing work, which required $F$ to be known and made strict assumptions on the distribution of $d'(x_i, x_j)$. Achieving this generalization required a novel ``ruler-building'' procedure to learn $F$. We extend our results to a missing data case where we randomly lose access to noisy distances. Our second result uses ideas from the first to tackle a partial observability case: $X = Y \cup Z$ with $Z$ sampled from $M$ and $Y$ sampled from an observer subset satisfying visibility conditions that model the assumptions made on the boundary in boundary-value inverse problems. In this setting, we recover all pairwise distances in $Z$ to additive error $O(ε)$ with $|Z| \asymp ε^{-2d-2}|\logε|$, $|Y| \asymp ε^{-\max\{d_ν,4\}}$ with $d_ν$ determined by the volume-growth properties of the probability measure on the observer set, and runtime $O(|Z|^3)$. This is, to our knowledge, the first quantitative guarantee for this observer/observed split under noise, which complements existing stability results for boundary data.

stat.ML · cs.LG · math.DG · math.PR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04301

OSGR: Observation-Support Graph Reasoning for Earth Observation Question Answering

Dazhou Yu, Zerong Wang, Riyang Bao, Longxiang Li, Yang Liu, Liang Zhao

原文摘要

Answering geographic queries over Earth observation (EO) archives requires solving a joint retrieval-and-derivation problem under strict spatiotemporal constraints. Existing LLM agents fail to ground observation items or suffer from search-space explosion. We propose OSGR, a two-stage framework that factorizes this search into offline symbolic concept deduction and online Relation-Conditioned Grounding. OSGR leverages an offline Observation-Support Graph to deduce valid target-to-result support paths at the concept level, and applies spatiotemporal compatibility kernels to instantiate grounded observation-item sets. On Earth-Bench and DisasterM3-Reason, OSGR improves GPT-4o accuracy from 49.3\% to 63.7\% while reducing the execution-step ratio from 2.9 to 2.5.

cs.AI · cs.IR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2511.18571

SAMBA: Toward an EEG Foundation Model via Differential Mamba and Coordinate-Driven Spatial Embedding

Jiazhen Hong, Geoffrey Mackellar, Soheila Ghane

原文摘要

Modeling long-context electroencephalography (EEG) signals is critical for learning generalizable EEG representations, as EEG recordings are acquired at high sampling rates and often span extended durations that capture evolving neural states beyond short task- specific windows. Transformer-based models have shown promise in modeling short sequences of a few seconds; however, their quadratic complexity limits scalability to longer contexts. Moreover, substantial variability in electrode montages across datasets and recording devices poses a major challenge for building EEG models that generalize across domains. We propose SAMBA, a self-supervised learning framework with a Mamba- based U-shaped encoder-decoder architecture, which effectively captures long-range temporal dependencies and montage variability in EEG data. Leveraging the inherent ability of Mamba in processing long context sizes, we introduce: (1) Temporal Semantic Random Masking for semantic-level sequence reconstruction, (2) a Multi-Head Differential Mamba module to suppress redundancy and emphasize salient temporal structures, and (3) a Coordinate-Driven Spatial Embedding that learns unified embeddings in a three- dimensional Euclidean space, enabling robustness across devices. Experiments on thirteen EEG datasets across diverse tasks, electrode configurations, and sequence durations demonstrate that SAMBA achieves competitive or improved performance compared to recent state-of-the-art methods, while maintaining low memory consumption and efficient inference. The learned spatial weight maps exhibit close alignment with task-relevant neurophysiological regions, highlighting the interpretability of SAMBA. The code is available at: https://github.com/Jiazhen-Hong/SAMBA

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04300

CLOCs-R: Radar-Assisted Camera-LiDAR Fusion for Long-Range Object Detection

Richard Beuck, John Nguyen, Sudip Dhakal

原文摘要

Long-range 3D object detection remains difficult for autonomous vehicles because LiDAR returns become sparse and camera evidence weakens with distance, while automotive radar keeps returning measurements far beyond both. We present CLOCs-R, an extension of the CLOCs candidate-level fusion framework that adds radar evidence to camera-LiDAR rescoring. Radar returns are accumulated over several sweeps, compensated for ego-motion, and associated with each pre-NMS 3D candidate through a range-dependent gate. Compact features summarizing support, Doppler speed and spread, range residual, and offset are then appended to every camera-LiDAR pair before a lightweight fusion network rescores the candidates. We first verify that our fusion implementation reproduces CLOCs on KITTI. We then evaluate on the daytime clear-weather subset of the aiMotive dataset, reporting distance-binned metrics out to 200 m with frozen SECOND and Cascade R-CNN detectors. Camera-LiDAR CLOCs improves on SECOND up to 50 m but degrades beyond it. A residual scoring variant, introduced post hoc, corrects SECOND's score instead of replacing it and recovers most of this loss. Radar consistently improves BEV AP at 30-50 m (0.857 to 0.870), but beyond 50 m its gain is small (+0.003 center-distance AP), within seed variation, and CLOCs-R with residual scoring is statistically tied with LiDAR-only SECOND. Our analysis attributes the limited long-range benefit to weak separation of true and false detections by radar features, scarce far-range training positives, poor camera evidence at distance, and missing LiDAR proposals that rescoring cannot recover. We report all as-designed and post hoc results side by side.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2601.14522

On the Runway Cascade of Transformers for Language Modeling

Hunjae Lee, Corey Clark

原文摘要

In decoder-only (causal) transformers, the computation graph created by causal masking routes information through both direct-path attention and indirect paths formed by intermediate tokens. We denote these indirect paths between token pairs as their runways. We argue that certain failure modes of causal transformers as observed by a growing body of recent works are likely exacerbated by a misalignment between these two information propagation modes. We formalize runway cascade as a phenomenon whereby this misalignment results in redundancies and irrelevant information cascading to token representations despite adequately learned attention patterns. As a solution, we propose runway-aware rewiring as a more explicit way of incorporating runway context directly into each token's direct-path attention. This mechanism re-wires the attention pattern for each token based on a summary of its runway landscape, enabling awareness of accumulating representational influences and allowing for more balanced information propagation. Our proposed methodology introduces no additional parameters and can seamlessly be integrated into standard attention mechanism. Empirically, our rewired transformer results in steady improvements in general language modeling as well as noticeably stronger information retrieval and extrapolation abilities compared to standard transformers.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04296

SEAM: Situated Executable Associative Memory for a Co-located Community

Keru Wang, Michael Xu, Ken Perlin, Nebojsa Jojic, Andrzej Banburski-Fahey

原文摘要

In groups, knowledge is distributed among individuals, and how it is brought together depends on social ties. Taking inspiration from how a single mind recalls and reacts to memories and current stimulus, we build a shared memory that does this for a community, prototyped as a social app, SEAM. Members post arbitrary moments; SEAM works out how fragments relate, distills knowledge about the group, and replies in a situated and associative way. Some of these memories act as instructions that can alter how the system behaves, making it programmable by its members. We deployed SEAM to 46 people in a co-located community for two weeks of open-ended use, and ran a follow-up workshop with 14. Members shared their days, interrogated the memory, and instructed it to track routines and run games; replies introduced them to people and subjects they had never encountered. SEAM points towards communities where knowledge finds people.

cs.HC · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04295

Reciprocity Can Erase Direction:tructural Boundaries and Controlled Utility of Magnetic Graph Networks

Dawei Han, Zicheng Wang, Yaoxing Ren, Yi Lv, Rongqian Wu, Fumin Wang

原文摘要

Magnetic graph networks encode direction through phase, but a learned graph can erase the intended directional mechanism before prediction. We characterize this failure for support-based magnetic Laplacians. Exact identities relate imaginary energy and distance from zero phase to amplitude-weighted reciprocity. Top-$k$ selection forces complete collapse when the observed-node count satisfies $m\leq k+1$, and dense support imposes a lower bound on reciprocal-arc fraction. We then construct paired propagation examples with identical node features and symmetric amplitudes but opposite labels, giving a provable chance-level limit for direction-erasing representations. In 72 fixed neural fits, support phase achieved test AUROC 1.0000 on a unilateral ring but 0.5000 on reciprocal ring and complete supports; continuous score phase and a real directed comparator achieved 1.0000 throughout. All models solved the direction-free control. These are oracle-direction mechanism tests, not evidence of learned clinical direction. In the preserved public DeepDRiD development study, continuous phase was active but its robustness difference from zero phase was only $+0.0036$ (descriptive 95\% interval $-0.0014$ to $+0.0095$) on validation patients used for checkpoint selection. The contribution is a structural and experimental framework for distinguishing erased direction from unestablished task utility. It provides a precise circumstance in which magnetic phase preserves useful information, without asserting universal or clinical superiority.

cs.LG · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04292

How Risky Is Your Data-Driven Policy?

Omar Besbes, Alon Rieger

原文摘要

Data-driven algorithms are ubiquitous across industries, and there is an extensive literature on analyzing their \emph{average} performance. The risk profile of such algorithms, while critical, is much less understood. This paper quantifies the risk of data-driven policies and isolates its sources. We evaluate a policy through the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) of its loss over the training sample, any policy randomization, and the future outcome, at a fixed unknown distribution. Regret against an oracle that knows the distribution decomposes into expected post-sample regret (PS), the average outcome-only CVaR gap of the selected action, and a sample-risk premium (SR), the additional tail risk omitted by averaging those evaluations. The analogous premium vanishes under expected loss. We characterize when the premium vanishes and how large it is relative to post-sample regret. For losses with a continuous density near the tail cutoff, we identify conditions under which both components decay at the same rate, yet the limiting ratio of the premium to post-sample regret can reach the thousands. When a probability mass at the cutoff moves with the action, the premium can decay more slowly and dominate post-sample regret. We establish conditions under which sample average approximation learns the oracle action at rate $n^{-1/2}$ in both settings, but its combined-risk regret is of order $n^{-1}$ in the first and $n^{-1/2}$ in the second. In finite-sample numerical examples of SAA in both settings, the premium accounts for approximately $74\%$--$97\%$ of regret.

stat.ML · cs.LG · math.OC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2610.28569

ECHO: Efficient Cascade with Homogeneous Operators for Distillation-Guided 100K-Sequence Modeling

Wenhao Li, Qinglin Jia, Chenghou Jin, Zihong Xian, Jiezhou Ji, Yanzhi Liu, Zezheng Wang, Bo Chen 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

Modeling lifetime user behavior sequences is essential for capturing long-range preferences in industrial recommendation, yet sequences containing up to 100K interactions make target-aware ranking prohibitively expensive. Search-based methods that retrieve from raw sequences incur candidate-dependent costs that grow with sequence length, whereas latent compression methods reduce computation at the expense of item-level addressability. We propose ECHO (Efficient Cascade with Homogeneous Operators), a framework that balances efficiency and fine-grained retrieval by retaining a subset of original event records per user through a Distilled Selector (DS) and retrieving a smaller set of target-relevant records for each candidate through a Target-aware Fine-grained Retriever (TFR). DS is supervised by a candidate-aware full-history teacher via per-target distillation, enabling target-aware user-level selection without requiring full-history computation for every candidate. The retriever and target-attention scorer share the relevance parameters learned by the teacher, ensuring consistent relevance estimation throughout the cascade. At a sequence length of 100K, ECHO reduces online sequence-branch FLOPs by approximately 160 times compared with a representative end-to-end model. Three deployment optimizations, including common user inputs, compact record encoding, and key-side projection absorption, further reduce memory, storage, and data-movement overhead. Experiments on KuaiRand-1K and an industrial-scale short-video platform demonstrate relative GAUC improvements ranging from 0.113% to 1.520% over state-of-the-art baselines across multiple tasks. Furthermore, online A/B tests in two production scenarios, Kuaishou and Kuaishou Lite, show that ECHO improves app usage time by 0.240% and 0.373%, respectively.

cs.IR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04289

When Debate Amplifies Risk: Social-Bias Vulnerabilities in Multi-Agent Safety Deliberation

Qinghua Mao, Xi Lin, Yuxin Qi, Zihao Xu, Jinze Gu, Yuliang Chen

原文摘要

Retrieval-augmented Web applications increasingly employ multi-agent debate (MAD) to aggregate conflicting, noisy, and heterogeneous information, yet deliberation is fundamentally a social process susceptible to interpersonal dynamics. When retrieved Web sources contain latent hazards alongside safe factual content, social biases such as conformity pressure and authority deference can override evidence-grounded safety boundaries. In this work, we investigate whether the social structure of deliberation can paradoxically amplify latent Web safety risks. We introduce SafeConflict-Bias, a controlled counterfactual diagnostic protocol spanning six core Web risk categories, which holds queries and retrieved evidence strictly invariant while isolating conversational majority sway, authority cues, and confidence asymmetry. Empirical evaluation across diverse proprietary and open-source backbones reveals that while isolated models reliably reject unsafe guidance, standard MAD catastrophically capitulates to social pressure---surging unsafe adoption from 0.0\% up to 100.0\% and systematically silencing safe minority evidence. To resolve this systemic fragility without retraining or debate regeneration, we propose RiskTrace-Debias, an inference-time auditing framework uniting evidence-first precommitment, social-metadata masking, and consistency-gated arbitration. RiskTrace-Debias suppresses worst-case unsafe adoption to $\le 2.0\%$ across all architectures without inducing over-refusal, while generating verifiable provenance traces to audit interpersonal manipulation in Web deliberation.

cs.CR · cs.AI · cs.CY

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04286

GroundSeek-CXR: Retrospective Evaluation-Guided Active Observation Framework for Multi-Label Chest Radiography Diagnosis

Yihang Fu, Xinyu Liu, Qing Xu, Xiaofeng Yang, Zhen Chen

原文摘要

Chest radiography (CXR) diagnosis is critical for thoracic disease assessment, yet challenged by the need to identify subtle lesions and co-occurring abnormalities across regions. While recent vision-language models can actively observe local regions, existing preference-based methods supervise each observation by its immediate effect on the current diagnosis, failing to capture how each observation and stopping decision contributes to the final diagnosis. To address this issue, we propose GroundSeek-CXR, an active CXR diagnosis framework that learns observation and stopping decisions by retrospectively evaluating them with the final diagnosis. Specifically, we first devise a Retrospective Diagnostic Evaluation (RDE) that scores observation and stop candidates from offline Monte Carlo tree search through independent continuations. Moreover, we design a Retrospective Gap-weighted Preference Optimization (RGPO) that learns from retrospective-score preferences weighted by their score gaps, prioritizing actions that improve diagnostic accuracy. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our GroundSeek-CXR framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods, and improves abnormal-image sample-F1 by 4.48% over immediate-score preference learning.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2610.30170

Accelerating Wildfire Hazard Mapping Across Canada with an AI Surrogate Modelling Framework

Hager Radi Abdelwahed, Toluwaleke Olutayo, Chirag Goel, Jana Osea, Aldo Zaimi, Tom Swystun, Sandy Erni, Francisco Emiliano Lopez Saavedra 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Canada's increasing wildfire activity requires frequent national hazard mapping to guide proactive mitigation, including fuel management, land-use planning, infrastructure protection, and evacuation routing. However, process-based wildfire simulation frameworks (e.g., BurnP3 and BurnP3+) rely on computationally intensive Monte Carlo simulations to model burn probability, fire intensity, and rate of spread. These workflows can take days to weeks to process a single regional modelling unit. To overcome these computational bottlenecks, we present three contributions developed through collaboration between AI researchers and wildfire modelling experts: (a) a standardized framework for training, fine-tuning, and evaluating AI surrogate models against process-based wildfire simulators; (b) a multi-task deep learning surrogate trained on national-scale data to emulate burn probability, mean fire intensity, and mean rate of spread at a fraction of the computational cost (seconds); and (c) domain-specific metrics and counterfactual evaluation protocols to probe out-of-distribution generalization. Integrating geospatial data (fuel, terrain, ignition likelihood) and regional weather, our model approximates BurnP3+ simulation outputs, achieving strong performance across agreement, rank-correlation, error, and spatial-overlap metrics. It preserves downstream hazard classifications and produces physically plausible responses to expert-informed counterfactual interventions. Furthermore, we demonstrate zero-shot transfer to a separate regional BurnP3+ study and show that lightweight fine-tuning can substantially improve regional calibration and predictive agreement. On a representative region, the surrogate achieves 806-fold end-to-end CPU acceleration and uses 13% of BurnP3+'s host memory, facilitating rapid scenario analysis.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.30350

DynaFLIP: Rethinking Robotics Perception via Tri-Modal-Dynamics Guided Representation

Jusuk Lee, Seungjae Lee, Jonghun Shin, Hoseong Jung, Sungha Kim, Daesol Cho, H. Jin Kim, Jia-Bin Huang 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Robot manipulation critically depends on perception that preserves the action-relevant aspects of a scene. Yet most robot learning pipelines are built upon visual encoders pre-trained for static recognition or vision-language alignment, leaving motion understanding to downstream policies. We introduce DynaFLIP, a dynamics-aware multimodal pre-training framework that pushes motion understanding upstream into perception. We construct image-language-3D flow triplets from heterogeneous human and robot videos, and use these triplets as training-time supervision to shape an image-only encoder. Our key idea is to encourage the three modalities to span a small simplex volume in the shared hyperspherical space -- a smaller simplex volume indicating stronger alignment. To avoid the geometric ambiguity and trivial collapse of naive volume minimization, we combine simplex-volume minimization with a cosine regularizer and a contrastive objective. Our analyses show that DynaFLIP focuses on control-relevant regions critical for manipulation. The resulting dynamics-aware representations serve as reusable visual backbones and consistently outperform baselines across diverse downstream policies, including VLAs. We validate this across diverse simulation and real-world setups, with gains reaching +22.5% under out-of-distribution scenarios. Our results suggest that robot generalization improves when visual representations are trained to encode not just what is present, but how the world changes under action.

cs.RO · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2604.10784

TorchUMM: A Unified Multimodal Model Codebase for Evaluation, Analysis, and Post-training

Yinyi Luo, Wenwen Wang, Hayes Bai, Hongyu Zhu, Hao Chen, Pan He, Marios Savvides, Sharon Li 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Recent advances in unified multimodal models (UMMs) have led to a proliferation of architectures capable of understanding, generating, and editing across visual and textual modalities. However, developing a unified framework for UMMs remains challenging due to the diversity of model architectures and the heterogeneity of training paradigms and implementation details. In this paper, we present TorchUMM, the first unified codebase for comprehensive evaluation, analysis, and post-training across diverse UMM backbones, tasks, and datasets. TorchUMM supports a broad spectrum of models covering a wide range of scales and design paradigms. Our benchmark encompasses three core task dimensions: multimodal understanding, generation, and editing, and integrates both established and novel datasets to evaluate perception, reasoning, compositionality, and instruction-following abilities. By providing a unified interface and standardized evaluation protocols, TorchUMM enables fair and reproducible comparisons across heterogeneous models and fosters deeper insights into their strengths and limitations, facilitating the development of more capable unified multimodal systems. Code is available at: https://github.com/AIFrontierLab/TorchUMM.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v5arXiv:2603.18373

To See or To Please: Uncovering Visual Sycophancy and Split Beliefs in VLMs

Rui Hong, Shuxue Quan

原文摘要

When Vision-Language Models (VLMs) answer correctly, do they rely on the image? We introduce a Tri-Layer Diagnostic Framework that asks three questions of every (image, question) pair when the image is blanked: does the model register that the image is missing (Latent Anomaly Detection, LAD), does its output distribution depend on the image (Visual Necessity Score, VNS), and does it nonetheless commit to a content answer? The cascade assigns each pair of any existing benchmark to one of four modes: Perceptual Blindness, Language Shortcut, Visual Sycophancy (the blank image registers and matters, yet the model commits to a fabricated answer), or Robust Refusal. Across nine open-weight VLMs and 9,000 model-sample pairs, 28.1% are Visual Sycophancy, 18.6% Language Shortcut, 5.6% Perceptual Blindness, and 47.8% Robust Refusal. The modes are strongly model-specific: the Qwen3-VL models refuse on blank input in 93-98% of pairs, whereas Pixtral-12B commits to an answer in 72%. Within-generation scaling increases Visual Sycophancy in both Qwen2.5-VL (7B->72B: 25.5->40.1%) and Llama-3.2-Vision (11B->90B: 34.3->48.0%), while the newer Qwen3-VL generation nearly eliminates it. A blinded human study confirms that LAD and VNS track what annotators observe, and that 80% of Visual-Sycophancy responses carry no textual sign that the image was blank.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v5arXiv:2603.28458

HISA: Efficient Hierarchical Indexing for Fine-Grained Sparse Attention

Yufei Xu, Fanxu Meng, Fan Jiang, Yuxuan Wang, Ruijie Zhou, Zhaohui Wang, Jiexi Wu, Zhixin Pan 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

Token-level sparse attention mechanisms, exemplified by DeepSeek Sparse Attention (DSA), achieve fine-grained key selection by scoring every historical key for each query through a lightweight indexer, then computing attention only on the selected subset. While the downstream sparse attention itself scales favorably, the indexer must still scan the entire prefix for every query, introducing an per-layer bottleneck that grows prohibitively with context length. We propose HISA (Hierarchical Indexed Sparse Attention), a plug-and-play replacement for the indexer that rewrites the search path from a flat token scan into a two-stage hierarchical procedure: (1) a block-level coarse filtering stage that scores pooled block representations to discard irrelevant regions, followed by (2) a token-level refinement stage that applies the original indexer exclusively within the retained candidate blocks. HISA preserves the identical token-level top-sparse pattern consumed by the downstream Sparse MLA operator and requires no additional training. On kernel-level benchmarks, HISA achieves up to speedup at 64K context. On Needle-in-a-Haystack and LongBench, we directly replace the indexer in DeepSeek-V3.2 and GLM-5 with our HISA indexer, without any finetuning. HISA closely matches the original DSA in quality, while substantially outperforming block-sparse baselines.

cs.LG · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04277

Harness-S: Learning from Sibling Harnesses for Generalizable Agent Training

Kangning Zhang, Wenxiang Jiao, Bowen Fang, Shuai Shao, Jiachen Zhu, Rong Shan, Shijian Wang, Hao Wang 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Harness evolution from a common base exhibits Locality, Complementarity, and Nonstationarity: variants repair different failures, and their utility changes as the policy learns. Rather than seeking a universally superior harness, we introduce Harness-S to selectively rescue failures of a base execution system through sibling harnesses and transfer the resulting capabilities into a single policy that remains effective under the original harness. Directional Harness Evolution develops specialized sibling harnesses along distinct repair directions, forming a reusable Sibling Harness Pool that remains fixed during policy training. Complementary Harness Rescue Training invokes this pool only when all initial attempts under the base harness fail. The same policy generates fresh rollouts under selected auxiliary harnesses, and these trajectories replace the failed group for reinforcement learning. An Adaptive Harness Router selects the Top-k variants using Harness Behavior Profiles and voting across multiple LLMs. Policy-aware profile re-anchoring refreshes this evidence as the policy learns. Across AppWorld, SWE-Gym, and DBBench, the trained policy substantially outperforms policy-only training when returned to the original base harness. Behavioral analyses and held-out cases support the transfer of harness-elicited behaviors into the policy itself. Reusing the router for Rank-1 inference provides additional gains at the same executor rollout count.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04273

Deep Learning Compilers: Architecture, Optimization, and Empirical Characterization

Jinghao Wen, Ruixuan Wang, Xun Jiao

原文摘要

As deep learning (DL) models become increasingly complex and hardware architectures grow more heterogeneous, DL compilers play a critical role in optimizing computational efficiency and enabling scalable deployment. This paper presents a systematic analysis of DL compilers, covering their architectural evolution, compilation workflows, optimization techniques, and emerging research directions. We organize DL compiler architectures into frontend, middle-end, and backend stages, emphasizing the role of the middle-end in connecting high-level model representations with hardware-specific optimizations. We further examine representative DL compilers and recent optimization techniques across different compilation stages. Beyond architectural and technical analysis, we conduct an empirical evaluation of compiler behaviors to investigate the effectiveness of graph optimization, compilation overhead, and dynamic-shape handling. Experiments using PyTorch/TorchInductor on an NVIDIA RTX A6000 demonstrate that compiler benefits depend strongly on workload characteristics, with speedups of up to 8.21\times for fusion-friendly computation graphs, while other workloads exhibit limited improvements. Our results further reveal that compilation overhead can require thousands of executions to amortize, and dynamic-shape compilation reduces cumulative shape-transition costs by approximately 70\% at the expense of modest steady-state performance degradation. By combining systematic architectural analysis with quantitative experimental evidence, this work provides insights into the design, optimization, and practical deployment of modern DL compilers.

cs.LG · cs.AR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2604.20857

DiagramBank: Draw from the Great, Draw Your Best

Ling Yue, Jiaying Wang, Zhexi Lu, Mingzhi Zhu, Tingwen Zhang, Zhen Xu, Shaowu Pan

原文摘要

Scientific diagrams help researchers communicate complex methods and relationships, but creating them requires substantial effort in content organization, layout design, and visual refinement. Automated diagram generation can reduce this workload. Reference examples can guide this process by showing how scientific ideas are organized and presented visually. Diagrams from accepted papers provide a rich source of such examples, but their utility as a large-scale reference resource remains underexplored. We introduce DiagramBank, a diagram-text reference resource containing 57,100 scientific diagrams from 26,751 accepted AI/ML papers. Each diagram is paired with its caption, paper title, and abstract, with citing paragraphs included when available. We combine multi-stage filtering, automated checks, and human audits, with an estimated diagram-selection precision of 93.67%. Retrieval experiments show that citing paragraphs complement captions with information specific to individual diagrams. Under a fixed generation pipeline, replacing PaperBanana's curated reference pool with DiagramBank increases the overall PaperBanana score from 4.62 to 7.88 on PaperBananaBench. Retrieved references also outperform random references on BizGenEval scientific figures. Additional evaluations with different judges and renderers, together with a separate blind human evaluation, demonstrate the utility of DiagramBank for automated diagram generation. Code: https://github.com/csml-rpi/DiagramBank.

cs.IR · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04269

Integrating Machine Learning and Uncertainty Quantification for Real-Time Decision-Making in Digital Twins: A System-Centric Review and Perspective

Yi-Ping Chen, Ying-Kuan Tsai, Seul Lee, Vispi Karkaria, Dex Doksoo Lee, Wei Chen

原文摘要

Digital Twins are evolving from passive virtual representations into closed-loop systems that continuously synchronize with physical assets and drive real-time decisions. Yet predictive modeling, machine learning (ML), uncertainty quantification (UQ), and decision-making have been studied as separate capabilities, leaving limited understanding of their integration and maintenance during online operation. This narrative review, scoped by the functional requirements of real-time decision-making rather than by Digital Twin terminology alone, examines how such decisions are generated and sustained in engineering Digital Twins. We first examine foundational decision-making architectures and representative engineering applications, followed by methods that address their limitations across the decision loop. We identify optimization-based, policy-based, and knowledge-based approaches as the major pathways from virtual representation to action. Across them, ML plays three roles in decision-making: enabling efficient surrogate modeling, transforming heterogeneous physical feedback into decision-relevant information, and accelerating or directly generating decisions. UQ supports uncertainty-aware decisions and model adaptation, while continual validation, drift detection, and adaptation help maintain reliable operation as the physical system evolves. Together, these findings underscore the need for a shift from a model-centric to a system-centric perspective on Digital Twins, where its performance depends on the interactions with sensing, state estimation, computation, decision-making, and adaptation rather than on their standalone performance. Therefore, future research should shift from isolated algorithm development toward system-level co-design, scalable decision-making, and approaches to design, and data-efficient continual adaptation and validation for AI-enabled autonomous systems.

stat.AP · cs.LG

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