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版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.20335

Read, Parse, Describe: Unified Document Parsing with Visual Element Description Generation

Yuheng Chen, Yufan Chen, Zhuojun Cai, Ruiping Liu, Junwei Zheng, Jiale Wei, Di Wen, Weijia Fan 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Document understanding systems are typically evaluated as separate components via layout analysis, optical text recognition, reading-order prediction, and image captioning. This separation leaves scientific figures, captions, and visual semantics weakly connected, and fails to measure whether a model can produce a single page-level parse that is both structurally faithful and semantically accessible. We introduce Read-Parse-Describe, a unified dataset for document parsing with visual element description generation. Given a page image, models are required to output an ordered list of layout elements containing bounding boxes, semantic labels, reading-order indices, recognized textual content, and alternative text descriptions for visual elements. The benchmark is built from 2,402 documents, comprising 18,163 continuous pages, 125,218 layout elements, and 11,338 visual instances. Besides, we further propose a plug-and-play space-awareness enhancer that reuses multi-layer visual features and injects grid-aware spatial guidance into vision-language tokens for layout-aware generation. Experiments across end-to-end VLMs and pipeline parsers show that existing systems still struggle to jointly recover reading order and visual semantics, while our enhanced model achieves strong joint performance. These results highlight the need to move beyond isolated document parsing modules toward unified models that jointly read, parse, and describe complex documents. The new dataset and code will be made publicly available at https://github.com/yuheng98chen/RPD-Unidoc

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16080

TGen-SQD: Physics-Informed Transferable Configuration Generator for Sample-Based Quantum Diagonalization

Niloy Deb Roy Mishu, Lei Jiang, Mohsen Heidari, Ruizhe Zhang, Fan Chen

原文摘要

Sample-based quantum diagonalization (SQD) avoids iterative variational circuit optimization, but its accuracy and cost depend on selecting a compact determinant subspace that captures the ground state. Existing machine-learning selectors use task-specific physical cues and typically retrain for each Hamiltonian. We introduce TGen-SQD, a physics-informed generator jointly trained across multiple Hamiltonians. It learns from configuration-interaction-weighted data and uses orbital- and system-level descriptors to guide generation. After training, its weights remain frozen for inference on seen and zero-shot geometries. On a 20-qubit H10 chain, TGen-SQD achieves mean energy errors of 40.18 +/- 1.52 and 43.97 +/- 1.20 mHa on seen and unseen geometries, respectively, 12.7% and 11.7% lower than the state-of-the-art PIGen-SQD baseline under matched shot and proposal budgets.

quant-ph · cs.ET · physics.chem-ph

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.15161

CineMME: From Dialogue Grounding to Narrative Reasoning in Multimodal Video Understanding

Jin Liu, Dawei Du, Yexiang Liu, Sijie Zhu, Fan Chen, Junxian Duan, Huaibo Huang, Ran He 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Narrative video understanding requires more than recognizing visible events: models must extract evidence from dialogue, bind it to speakers, and use it to infer narrative meaning. Existing video benchmarks evaluate aspects of this problem, including video question answering, audio-visual reasoning, and temporal grounding, but rarely test whether these abilities form a coherent dialogue-to-plot evidence chain within the same clips. We introduce \textbf{CineMME}, a human-verified benchmark designed to diagnose dialogue-grounded plot understanding, supported by approximately $1,600$ expert person-hours of annotation. CineMME contains $975$ curated short narrative video clips and two linked tracks: \textit{CineMME-Grounding}, with $13,554$ timestamped speech segments and $33,083$ speaker face boxes for temporal dialogue localization, transcription, and active-speaker grounding; and \textit{CineMME-Reasoning}, with $1,600$ multiple-choice and $316$ open-ended questions spanning perception, audio, narrative, social, and scene-presentation understanding. Our main evaluation compares $20$ MLLMs on reasoning and $9$ omni-modal models on grounding. The results reveal a pronounced who-what-when decoupling: Gemini-3 Pro localizes dialogue in time ($68.34\%$ tIoU) and transcribes it with a WER of $28.99\%$, yet achieves only $7.74\%$ vIoU for active-speaker grounding while achieving $67.66\%$ MCQ accuracy on questions with extractable answers. Modality ablations further show that vision is not uniformly beneficial: it improves performance on perception-heavy questions but can hurt dialogue-centric reasoning. CineMME provides a compact diagnostic testbed for evaluating how multimodal video models connect dialogue, speakers, visual evidence, and narrative meaning.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2511.14521

A Generative Data Framework with Reliable Supervision for Underwater Image Restoration and Enhancement

Yufeng Tian, Yifan Chen, Zhe Sun, Libang Chen, Mingyu Dou, Jijun Lu, Ye Zheng, Xuelong Li

原文摘要

Learning-based underwater image restoration and enhancement rely heavily on high-quality paired training data. However, obtaining clear reference images for real underwater scenes remains challenging. Existing datasets often use the outputs of enhancement algorithms as references, which may introduce uncertainty into supervision targets. To address this issue, we propose a generative data framework that preserves clear source images as restoration references and synthesizes corresponding underwater inputs through unpaired image-to-image translation. Using representative underwater appearances to guide the translation, we construct UWNature from natural photographs. We systematically examine the reliability of the generated supervision through its agreement with real underwater appearances, structural consistency, and depth-related degradation characteristics. Experiments across 6 restoration architectures and 3 test sets evaluate its effectiveness through objective metrics, human perceptual assessment, and the correspondence between synthetic degradation and learned restoration behavior. The results demonstrate competitive restoration performance and favorable perceptual quality on real underwater images. Further analysis reveals that greater spatial plausibility of synthetic degradation does not necessarily improve restoration performance, highlighting the importance of evaluating both the intrinsic properties of synthetic data and their effectiveness for model learning. These findings support a scalable framework for constructing and evaluating reliable paired supervision for underwater image restoration and enhancement. The generated datasets are available at: https://github.com/tianyufengcn/SynUIEDatasets.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.13684

BypassGym: A Benchmark for Evaluating AI Agents' Endpoint Defense Evasion Capabilities

Weifeng Yuan, Zifan Chen, Yucheng Zhang, Feng Dong, Peng Gao, Haoyu Wang

原文摘要

Artificial intelligence agents increasingly automate cybersecurity tasks, including offensive operations. Frequent attacks across the web make endpoint detection and response (EDR) a critical defense, but whether AI agents can evade it remains unclear. Benchmarks evaluate the offensive capabilities of large language model (LLM) agents in areas such as penetration testing and vulnerability discovery. One important capability that these benchmarks do not address is defense evasion, specifically whether an agent can develop a program that executes a payload without being blocked or terminated by a deployed EDR. We introduce BypassGym, to our knowledge the first benchmark to systematically evaluate this capability on real endpoints. Given command-and-control (C2) shellcode, an agent must generate and compile a loader that executes the payload without being blocked or terminated. A supplementary evasion knowledge skill provides domain knowledge and supports comparisons with and without this input. BypassGym is built on Proxmox VE(PVE), so the evaluation environment runs real Windows systems and EDR products inside virtual machines and returns structured detection feedback to the agent. We evaluate 5 lightweight model backends against 6 EDR products and 3 payloads, and find that even these simple models generate successful submissions, with DeepSeek-V4.1 Flash reaching 17/18 successful runs and Bitdefender allowing only 5 of 15 runs to pass. These results provide a systematic measurement of current AI agents' endpoint defense evasion capabilities and identify areas for defenders to investigate.

cs.CR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12674

What Breaks Scribble-Supervised Segmentation? An Audit-Informed Benchmark for Scribble Annotation Robustness

Minheng Wu, Di Wen, Ruiping Liu, Junwei Zheng, Yufan Chen, Kailun Yang, Kunyu Peng

原文摘要

Scribble-supervised segmentation is typically evaluated with a fixed annotation set, leaving robustness to distinct semantic and geometric imperfections poorly understood. Motivated by an audit of 12,031 manual PASCAL Visual Object Classes (VOC) 2012 scribbles and prior work, we introduce six controlled perturbation operators. Class corruption, spatial offset, and directional perturbation directly operationalize audit signals. Stroke-length reduction is motivated by prior scribble studies, while random dropout and fragmentation serve as diagnostic controls. Each operator reports requested and achieved changes. We evaluate manual and automatic scribbles across two image domains, two principal backbone settings, and multiple training pipelines, with an additional MiT-B1 PFA anchor evaluation. In the five-seed Tree Energy Loss (TEL)-ResNet101 VOC study, mean intersection over union (mIoU) drops from 70.08 to 1.46 under class corruption, compared with 35.57 for spatial offset, 52.20 for directional perturbation, and 63.24 for stroke-length reduction at their strongest settings. At the evaluated endpoints, semantic-anchor corruption produces the largest degradation, while geometric and support responses depend on the pipeline and dataset. Our benchmark provides a reproducible protocol for diagnosing annotation robustness beyond clean-set accuracy. The operator code is available at https://github.com/Wmhiram99/scribble-operator-benchmark.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2604.10009

Towards Multi-Source Domain Generalization for Sleep Staging with Noisy Labels

Kening Wang, Di Wen, Yufan Chen, Ruiping Liu, Junwei Zheng, Jiale Wei, Kailun Yang, Rainer Stiefelhagen 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Automatic sleep staging is a multimodal learning problem involving heterogeneous physiological signals such as EEG and EOG, which often suffer from domain shifts across institutions, devices, and populations. In practice, these data are also affected by noisy annotations, yet label-noise-robust multi-source domain generalization remains underexplored. We present the first benchmark for Noisy Labels in Multi-Source Domain-Generalized Sleep Staging (NL-DGSS) and show that existing noisy-label learning methods degrade substantially when domain shifts and label noise coexist. To address this challenge, we propose FF-TRUST, a domain-invariant multimodal sleep staging framework with Joint Time-Frequency Early Learning Regularization (JTF-ELR). By jointly exploiting temporal and spectral consistency together with confidence-diversity regularization, FF-TRUST improves robustness under noisy supervision. Experiments on five public datasets demonstrate consistent state-of-the-art performance under diverse symmetric and asymmetric noise settings.

cs.LG · cs.CV · cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12353

QCC-WM: Linking Macro-State Dynamics and Visual Generation via Quotient Causal Construction

Zhizhong Fu, Wei Zhou, Zhaoyang Jiang, Yudong Lin, Songlun Li, Zhi Li, Feifan Chen, Gaoming Li 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

A key challenge in action-conditioned world modeling is to construct macro-states from high-dimensional observations that support recursive prediction under actions, while keeping their predicted evolution consistent with visual changes in generated observations. We propose QCC-WM, a visual world model based on Quotient-based Causal Construction. QCC-WM uses action responses to guide macro-variable construction for recursive action-conditioned prediction. A shared reference quotient measurement constrains the consistency between predicted states and observed changes, allowing macro-level predictions to provide structured constraints for future visual generation. Using translational and rotational actions and their predicted responses, the model aggregates local visual features into macro-nodes with spatial correspondence through causal abstraction, and recursively predicts node content and motion under a shared reference measurement. Macro-level predictions guide future observation generation, while predicted motion transports historical appearance information. Node-level errors between generated observations and macro-level targets are then mapped back to the corresponding spatial regions for correction, improving consistency between visual generation and macro-level predictions. On the US-VLA dataset, QCC-WM achieves an ROI-MSE of 0.01861 for four-step prediction. Compared with the best baseline at each prediction horizon, it reduces LPIPS by 48.59%, 41.68%, and 30.23% for four-step prediction and eight- and sixteen-step recursive extrapolation, respectively. Ablation studies and mechanism analyses show that motion-guided reference transport mainly improves pixel reconstruction, while node-level error feedback further improves perceptual quality and consistency between generated observations and macro-level predictions.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.10109

The Infrastructure Divide: Analyzing Community Stance on Data Center Development via Reddit

Yoko Koyama, Gongfan Chen, Mansi Saxena

原文摘要

The rapid expansion of AI-driven data center construction has outpaced public engagement: an estimated $64 billion in U.S. data center projects were blocked or delayed by local opposition between May 2024 and March 2025, yet the concerns driving this resistance remain poorly characterized. Prior engagement methods such as surveys and hearings are introduced late in the planning process, and no study has systematically mined social media to measure community stance at scale. To address this gap, this study presents an LLM-powered opinion-mining framework and applies it to 798 Reddit posts and 102,328 associated comments spanning a decade. An open-source large language model, guided by a Chain-of-Stance prompting framework and three domain-specific labeling rules, classified stance at 83% of the human inter-reviewer agreement ceiling. Opposition dominated discourse volume rather than disapproval: against posts outnumbered favor posts 2.6:1 and generated 8.5 times more comments, and this gap widened significantly over 86 weeks. Topic modeling of opposition arguments resolved into four reproducible clusters, resource consumption and scarcity (42.8%), contested siting processes and secrecy (34.2%), political opposition to data centers (13%), and political and corporate accountability (8%). Engagement analysis revealed that posts with emotional or provocative political framing attracted the most engagement, while key technical concerns (e.g., water, power) were dispersed across lower-engagement comment threads. These findings give local leaders, developers, and policy makers a quantified, continuously updatable basis for prioritizing concerns and policy levers, supporting a shift from opposition to negotiated, verifiable partnership for data center development.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2511.18811

Adaptive Test-Time Memory Allocation for Long-Tailed Human-Object Interaction Detection

Yuqiu Jiang, Xiaozhen Qiao, Yifan Chen, Ye Zheng, Zhe Sun, Xuelong Li

原文摘要

Long-tailed human-object interaction (HOI) detection remains challenging because rare interactions are sparsely represented in training data. Although test observations provide additional visual evidence, existing cache-based methods typically assign uniform memory capacity across classes, limiting their ability to capture informative features of underrepresented interactions. To address this issue, we propose Adaptive Diversity Cache (ADC), a training-free, plug-and-play framework that adaptively constructs test-time caches through frequency-aware capacity allocation and confidence-diversity joint sample selection. Specifically, Frequency-Aware Cache Adaptation assigns larger capacities to underrepresented interactions using frequency-dependent priorities and a weighted logarithmic allocation objective, and fills remaining slots with selected augmented views. Confidence-Diversity Joint Cache Selection further combines prediction confidence with local feature diversity to retain informative cache entries. Cache retrieval then refines the predictions of the frozen detector. Experiments on HICO-DET and V-COCO across three base detectors demonstrate consistent improvements. On HICO-DET, ADC improves mean average precision (mAP) for rare interactions by 4.02--8.57 percentage points, while also improving performance on non-rare interactions. Online adaptation further achieves gains of 2.87--7.36 percentage points on rare interactions. These results demonstrate that adaptive test-time memory effectively complements existing HOI detectors and improves long-tailed detection performance.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v4arXiv:2608.00137

RPL-UIE: Reference-Guided Prior Learning for Content-Preserving Underwater Image Enhancement

Yifan Chen, Jijun Lu, Ye Zheng, Kaichen Chi, Zhe Sun, Tao Chen

原文摘要

Underwater image enhancement (UIE) aims to recover clear images from observations degraded by wavelength-dependent absorption, scattering, and spatially nonuniform degradation. Although existing generative methods can handle complex degradations, they may still generate visually appealing results while compromising content preservation, thereby degrading downstream visual perception. To improve content preservation, we extract spatial priors characterizing appearance and photometric properties from ground-truth images to provide stable guidance for enhancement. To bridge the gap between training with ground-truth references and inference without references, we propose reference-guided prior learning for underwater image enhancement (RPL-UIE), a two-stage teacher-student framework. The teacher network extracts stable priors from ground-truth images, while the student network takes only degraded images as input and learns to mimic the teacher's prior extraction capability. We further design Residual Prior Refinement Diffusion (RPRD) and Frequency-Aware Prior Residual Calibration (FPRC) to reduce the prior discrepancy between the teacher and student. RPRD progressively predicts corrections in the residual space, while FPRC preserves stable low-frequency residuals and selectively modulates high-frequency details. Experiments on multiple underwater image datasets show that RPL-UIE achieves competitive enhancement performance. For the engineering application of underwater visual perception, downstream object detection and instance segmentation experiments show that RPL-UIE improves visual quality while better preserving object structures and semantic content needed for reliable perception. Tests on real-world data collected by a custom-built remotely operated vehicle (ROV) further demonstrate its effectiveness and practical applicability.

eess.IV · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05739

PersonaCodeBench: Evaluating Coding Agents in Persona-driven Human-Interactive Sessions

Haixin Wang, Jianheng Hou, Hongyu Shen, Wenzhe Fan, Wei-Chieh Huang, Qianyu Zhu, Weichen Li, Taoran Li 等 30 位作者

原文摘要

Coding agents must deliver correct software while respecting users' expertise, preferences, and working conditions. Existing benchmarks increasingly incorporate interaction, yet personalized requirement fulfillment remains underexplored. We introduce PersonaCodeBench, which turns user characteristics into verifiable obligations in persona-driven multi-turn coding sessions. Our persona pool spans roles, technical abilities, interaction preferences, and practical constraints, yielding task-grounded evolved requirements for implementation, permissions, testing, explanation, and delivery. At runtime, a controller governs user simulator responses and requirement disclosure, using online requirement evaluation to provide feedback and advance the interaction. Requirements emerge progressively, with their content, disclosure conditions, and acceptance criteria fixed before evaluation. A completion verifier and a personalization verifier separately assess native correctness and persona fulfillment. Joint pass requires both adherence to the declared budget and compliance with validity conditions. We evaluate all major frontier agents, establish a comprehensive leaderboard, and conduct detailed experimental analyses to validate effectiveness. PersonaCodeBench supports reproducible evaluation of coding agents' ability to meet explicit, personalized user expectations alongside coding objectives.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04012

SurgEye: Instruction Tuning-Free Perception-Reasoning Framework for Surgical Scene Understanding

Qing Xu, Xiechen Shen, Xianjian He, Guqiao Liang, Zixiao Chai, Jiale Qin, Yifan Chen, Siyi Li 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

Surgical scene understanding is pivotal for computer-assisted intervention, yet demands compositional reasoning across instruments, anatomy, and workflow. Existing surgical vision-language models rely on instruction tuning with large-scale question-answer pairs, entailing laborious data curation and costly retraining. To bridge this gap, we propose SurgEye, a perception-reasoning framework that grounds reasoning in a vision foundation model without instruction tuning. Specifically, we devise Routed Multi-Task Perception (RMP) that routes the vision foundation model through task-specific pathways learned from public perception labels, producing spatial and temporal evidence. We further introduce Agentic Compositional Reasoning (ACR) that employs a frozen large language model to coordinate RMP specialists and temporal memory as callable tools, composing evidence across tasks and time into grounded answers. Moreover, we construct SurgEye-Bench spanning eight surgical procedures, pairing each question with perception labels for verifiable evaluation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SurgEye outperforms state-of-the-arts in surgical reasoning. The source code will be available.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.38320

SSQA: Sibling-Selective Quadtree Attention for Hierarchical Modeling in Perception Tasks

Yufan Chen, Arnav Bali, Angela Liu, Laura Zheng, Ming C. Lin

原文摘要

Perception tasks for navigation in robotics, including aerial platforms such as drones and autonomous driving systems, are inherently structured. Drone-mounted cameras typically capture sky above, terrain below, and obstacles or man-made structures in between, while driving data often contains organized road layouts, lane markings, and surrounding agents. Motivated by these axis-aligned structural priors, we note that such information is typically more structured than in generic image tasks. We hypothesize that processing information in a quadtree-esque manner can not only model features effectively in a hierarchical manner, but also offers an efficient linear-time alternative to vanilla attention mechanisms, which run in quadratic time. In this paper, we propose Sibling-Selective Quadtree Attention (SSQA), which models image tokens hierarchically as a structured, full quadtree. We show analytical complexity analysis that guarantees linear-time feature modeling, in addition to empirical experiments comparing inference speeds with other popular modeling approaches, such as Mamba 2 and Quadtree Attention. Our results, benchmarked across several tasks, show that we achieve results at least as good, if not notably better, as others at a fraction of the computational costs.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.31066

Dual Exam: Controlled Evaluation of Multimodal Agents and World Models

Zhefan Rao, Meng Chu, Xuan Billy Zhang, Jingfan Chen, Guohao Cai, Runyi Li, Shiyi Du, Xu Huang 等 92 位作者

原文摘要

World Models (WMs) can support Multimodal Agents (MAs) through simulated experience, while Agent trajectories can inform World Model refinement. Evaluating this interaction requires separate evidence about action selection and state evolution. We introduce Dual Exam, which tests Agents under fixed environment response mechanisms and World Models under fixed action interventions across physical, digital, social, and scientific domains. The Agent track compares 10 configurations on 1,088 items in 15 reporting categories. The World Model track contains 400 cases across eight scenarios; 15 configurations have full coverage and one covers six scenarios. GPT 6 Astra leads the case-weighted Agent Index at 31.3, and GPT-Image-2 leads the full-coverage WM Overall at 21.7. These scores use different tasks and metrics and are not directly comparable. A 150-case pilot of one coupled pairing records zero task successes and motivates component-level diagnosis. Results reveal uneven task performance and failures to preserve task-relevant state. Their value for predicting coupled success or sustained reciprocal learning remains to be established.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.02260

MintFlow: Minimal Trajectory Intervention for Constrained Flow Matching

Yesom Park, Kelvin Kan, Qifan Chen, Thomas Flynn, Hayden Schaeffer, Xihaier Luo

原文摘要

Flow matching models excel at generative modeling, and many downstream applications require their samples to satisfy prescribed constraints, such as observed measurements and physical laws. However, existing constrained samplers often face a trade-off: \textit{enforcing constraints can substantially displace samples from the pretrained data distribution}. To address this trade-off, we introduce \textbf{MintFlow}, a training-free constrained sampling framework that formulates constraint enforcement as a minimal intervention on the pretrained flow trajectory. MintFlow seeks the minimal perturbation of an intermediate flow state such that its subsequent evolution under the pretrained flow field satisfies the target constraint. By minimally perturbing the flow state while keeping the pretrained flow field unchanged, MintFlow enforces the constraint while minimizing unnecessary deviation from the pretrained distribution. An adjoint formulation yields a closed-form expression for this perturbation, eliminating expensive iterative optimization. Furthermore, MintFlow adaptively selects the intervention time to balance the required perturbation magnitude with its amplification by the remaining flow. Across a range of tasks in generative vision and physical system modeling, MintFlow achieves competitive constraint satisfaction while preserving the pretrained generative distribution substantially better than state-of-the-art constrained methods.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.18547

CLEAR: Coupling Local Evidence with Affective Representations for Multimodal Emotion Recognition in Conversation

Linan Zhu, Zihao Zhai, Mengfei Xu, Xiao Han, Yuqian Fu, Xiangfan Chen, Zihang Zhang

原文摘要

In video calls and livestreamed discussions, recognizing speakers' emotions helps identify emotionally salient segments and supports fine-grained video content analysis. Multimodal Emotion Recognition in Conversation (ERC) provides an approach to recognizing emotions in such content by integrating textual, visual, and acoustic information with conversational context. Current mainstream emotion recognition methods largely leverage the contextual understanding capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to predict emotions by generating labels. However, emotion understanding and label prediction may be inconsistent, leaving the internal affective information underutilized. Moreover, when the current utterance is jointly modeled with extensive dialogue history and multimodal information, its local discriminative cues may be diluted and become less salient in the resulting contextual representation. To address these limitations, we propose CLEAR, an ERC framework that couples multimodal contextual representations with local discriminative cues. To mitigate the mismatch between emotion understanding and label prediction, we use the continuous internal representation of an emotion-supervised vision-language model (VLM) instead of its generated emotion labels, and further train a classifier based on this representation. To strengthen local discriminative cues, we use sample-adaptive residual coupling to dynamically integrate textual and acoustic evidence from the target utterance into the contextual representation. Experiments on IEMOCAP and MELD demonstrate that CLEAR achieves competitive performance, supporting the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The code is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/vlm-210F/.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.35850

OSWAM: An Effective World Action Model with One-Step Action Generation

Guowen Zhang, Liyi Chen, Xu Hu, Pengfei Wang, Jingfan Chen, Chenhang He, Lei Zhang

原文摘要

Direct-policy World Action Models (WAM) have demonstrated the benefits of decoupling action generation from explicit future visual prediction for efficient inference in autonomous driving and embodied control. However, they still require tens of denoising steps to achieve competitive action quality, incurring substantial latency and hindering real-time deployment. Simply reducing the number of denoising steps will collapse the nonlinear multi-step denoising trajectory into coarse updates, substantially degrading action quality. To reduce the denoising steps while enabling real-time action generation, we present an effective world action model with one-step action generation, namely OSWAM, for autonomous driving and embodied control. We argue that it is the absence of structured action priors in random noise initialization that forces direct-policy WAMs to recover coherent action sequences through iterative denoising. Hence, we construct imagination tokens to initialize the diffusion process, providing physical priors and action-conditioned representations. We further introduce privileged information distillation with future conditioning to enhance future-aware action generation. As a result, OSWAM can efficiently and effectively generate high quality actions in just one diffusion step. Our experiments demonstrate that OSWAM achieves comparable or even better results in both autonomous driving and embodied control than direct-policy WAM and Joint-WAM that require tens of steps. It obtains approximately $3\times$ speedup over direct-policy WAM baselines and supports real-time compiled inference with latency as low as 40ms on an NVIDIA RTX 5090 GPU. The project page is available at https://gwenzhang.github.io/OSWAM/

cs.CV · cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1697ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Probing Audio-Visual Reasoning in Multimodal Language Models through the Lens of Audio

Kaixiong Gong, Kaituo Feng, Bohao Li, Yibing Wang, Mofan Cheng, Shijia Yang Stanford University, Jiaming Han, Benyou Wang The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs), such as GPT-4o, Gemini 1.5/2.5 Pro, and Reka Core, have advanced audio-visual reasoning capabilities, achieving strong performance in tasks like cross-modal understanding and generation. However, our DeafTest uncovers unanticipated failures: most of the state-of-the-art MLLMs struggle with very simple audio tasks, such as distinguishing louder sounds or sound counting. This raises a fundamental question—does a deficiency in low-level audio perception constrain higher-level audio-visual reasoning? To address this, we introduce AV-Odyssey Bench—a comprehensive benchmark of 4,555 meticulously designed problems that integrate text, audio, and visual modalities. Each task requires models to unify cross-modal reasoning, leveraging synchronized audio-visual cues to infer solutions. By structuring questions as multiple-choice, we ensure objective, reproducible evaluations without reliance on subjective human or LLM-based judgments. Through comprehensive benchmarking of closed-source and open-source models, we showcase: (i) current MLLMs lack robust audio-visual integration ability and (ii) performance on DeafTest (Pearson’s r = 0.945) strongly correlates with AV-Odyssey accuracy. These findings challenge assumptions about models’ multimodal proficiency and highlight fundamental audio perception as a reasoning bottleneck. We believe that our results provide concrete guidance for future dataset design, alignment strategies, and architectures.

cs.CL · cs.CV

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.2089ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Adversarial Metric Learning for Fine-Grained Emotion Classification

Junfan Chen Beihang University, Sizhe Wu, Richong Zhang, Chunming Hu Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

原文摘要

Fine-grained emotion classification (FEC) requires distinguishing subtly different emotions, where the dominant errors come from closely confusable categories. Recent progress relies on contrastive learning with hard-pair mining, implicitly assuming that a fixed similarity metric is sufficient to optimize informative pairs. We argue that this assumption is fragile because defining whether two utterances are similar becomes a problem when the label space is crowded, and hard-pair mining under a fixed metric can systematically miss the worst confusions. Thus, we treat the similarity function as a learnable component and design an adversarial metric learning (AML) framework. It follows theoretical interpretations of metric-robust representations that better separate confusable emotions. AML trains a pairwise discriminator to maximally confuse two targeted hard pair types, while training the encoder to remain discriminative under this worst-case learned metric. Our code and data are released on GitHub.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.458ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

PLAWBENCH: A Rubric-Based Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs in Real-World Legal Practice

Yuzhen Shi Alibaba Group, Huanghai Liu Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Yiran HU, Song Gaojie, Xu Xinran, Yubo Ma, Tianyi Tang Alibaba Group, Li Zhang 等 30 位作者

原文摘要

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to legal domain-specific tasks, evaluating their ability to perform legal work in real-world settings has become essential. However, existing legal benchmarks rely on simplified and highly standardized tasks, failing to capture the ambiguity, complexity, and reasoning demands of real legal practice. Moreover, prior evaluations often adopt coarse, single-dimensional metrics and do not explicitly assess fine-grained legal reasoning. To address these limitations, we introduce PLawBench, a Practical Law Benchmark designed to evaluate LLMs in realistic legal practice scenarios. Grounded in real-world legal workflows, PLawBench models the core processes of legal practitioners through three task categories: public legal consultation, practical case analysis, and legal document generation. These tasks assess a model’s ability to identify legal issues and key facts, perform structured legal reasoning, and generate legally coherent documents. PLawBench comprises 850 questions across 13 practical legal scenarios, with each question accompanied by expert-designed evaluation rubrics, resulting in approximately 12,500 rubric items for fine-grained assessment. Using an LLM-based evaluator aligned with human expert judgments, we evaluate 10 state-of-the-art LLMs. Experimental results show that none achieves strong performance on PLawBench, revealing substantial limitations in the fine-grained legal reasoning capabilities of current LLMs and highlighting important directions for future evaluation and development of legal LLMs. Data is available at: https://anonymous.4open.science/r/PLawbench-B524/.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2601.06327Google Research

From Lagging to Leading: Validating Hard Braking Events as High-Density Indicators of Segment Crash Risk

Yechen Li, Shantanu Shahane, Shoshana Vasserman, Carolina Osorio, Yi-fan Chen, Ivan Kuznetsov, Kristin White, Justyna Swiatkowska 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Identifying high crash risk road segments and accurately predicting crash incidence is fundamental to implementing effective safety countermeasures. While collision data inherently reflects risk, the infrequency and inconsistent reporting of crashes present a major challenge to robust risk prediction models. The proliferation of connected vehicle technology offers a promising avenue to leverage high-density safety metrics for enhanced crash forecasting. A Hard-Braking Event (HBE), interpreted as an evasive maneuver, functions as a potent proxy for elevated driving risk due to its demonstrable correlation with underlying crash causal factors. Crucially, HBE data is significantly more readily available across the entire road network than conventional collision records. This study systematically evaluated the correlation at individual road segment level between police-reported collisions and aggregated and anonymized HBEs identified via the Google Android Auto platform, utilizing datasets from California and Virginia. Empirical evidence revealed that HBEs occur at a rate magnitudes higher than traffic crashes. Employing the state-of-the-practice Negative-Binomial regression models, the analysis established a statistically significant positive correlation between the HBE rate and the crash rate: road segments exhibiting a higher frequency of HBEs were consistently associated with a greater incidence of crashes. This sophisticated model incorporated and controlled for various confounding factors, including road type, speed profile, proximity to ramps, and road segment slope. The HBEs derived from connected vehicle technology thus provide a scalable, high-density safety surrogate metric for network-wide traffic safety assessment, with the potential to optimize safer routing recommendations and inform the strategic deployment of active safety countermeasures.

cs.OH · stat.AP

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