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版本更新 · v3arXiv:2610.32477

CauProphet: Teaching Agents to Develop Causal Cognition like Humans

Kaiwen Wu, Chaochao Lu

原文摘要

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly support long-horizon tasks by leveraging external memory and past experience. However, existing agents mainly retrieve records or summaries, lacking the ability to form and refine causal understanding of the world. Inspired by human causal cognition, we introduce CauProphet, an agent that develops and updates causal knowledge within its Causal Cognition. For each task, CauProphet combines relevant knowledge in Causal Cognition with current evidence to construct a Causal Belief, a structured belief capturing causal factors and the effects of possible actions. It uses this belief for decision-making and continuously updates both the belief and Causal Cognition as new observations emerge, enabling causal knowledge that persists beyond individual experiences. Evaluations demonstrate that CauProphet progressively acquires causal knowledge and transfers it to future decision-making. In financial research, CauProphet leverages prior discoveries to improve downstream analyses and outperforms all baselines in mean rank correlation with next-day returns, achieving a 25.4% improvement over a baseline agent. It also improves prediction accuracy from 21.3% to 28.6% in dynamic real-world settings. Further experiments validate its ability to perform reliable causal analysis and action selection across scientific and everyday tasks, demonstrating the potential of causal experience learning for next-generation LLM agents. The project repository is available at https://github.com/OpenCausaLab/CauProphet.

cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2604.14689

ISAC with Backscattering RFID Tags: Beamforming and Codebook Design

Hao Luo, Umut Demirhan, Ahmed Alkhateeb

原文摘要

This paper explores an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system with backscattering radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. In this setup, an access point employs communication beams to serve communication users while leveraging a sensing beam to interrogate RFID tags. Under the total transmit power constraint of the system, our objective is to design a joint sensing and communication beamforming codebook by considering the tag interrogation and communication requirements. To lay a foundation for the codebook design problem, we first study the beamforming design problem in the single-tag scenario and investigate two approaches: a two-stage zero-forcing-based design with optimized power allocation and a joint beamforming design that minimizes the total transmit power. Extending our study to the multi-tag scenario, we propose a site-specific beamforming codebook design. The proposed approach partitions the region of interest into angular sectors and jointly optimizes the sensing and communication beams for each sector. The simulation results show that the proposed beamforming designs can effectively mitigate the mutual interference between sensing and communication functionalities, thus enhancing the interrogation range of the tags while minimizing transmit power. Also, the efficacy of the proposed site-specific codebook design has been demonstrated in terms of interrogation success rate, offering a promising approach for ISAC backscattering systems.

eess.SP · cs.IT

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.15609

GLCR: Global-Local Collaborative Routing for Multi-Task Electromagnetic Signal Processing

Fang Lu, Yao Lu, Zhuangzhi Chen, Sicheng Zhang, Shanqing Yu, Yun Lin, Qi Xuan, Guan Gui

原文摘要

Deep neural networks for electromagnetic signal processing are typically developed as single-task experts with fixed inputs and objectives, limiting cross-task transferability. Electromagnetic foundation models offer broader task coverage but incur substantial pretraining and inference costs. To balance accuracy and efficiency, we adopt model routing to dynamically dispatch unknown signals to matched experts within a heterogeneous pool. We construct HeteroSignal-7, a multi-task routing benchmark with 140,000 samples from seven datasets covering six task types, paired with seven classification and waveform-recovery experts and a unified evaluation protocol. We then propose GLCR, a two-stage routing method combining global dispatch with local discrimination of similar tasks. First, a lightweight one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) with an additive-margin head predicts one of seven routing classes. Second, a gradient-boosted-tree specialist uses four physical statistics to re-evaluate samples whose top two candidates match a confusion pair automatically identified from validation errors. The pipeline is trained across the full signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) range and requires neither SNR labels nor noise estimation at inference time. GLCR outperforms all 19 baselines, achieving 96.16% routing accuracy and a 76.30% system score, exceeding the respective second-best baselines by 1.16% and 1.14%. It achieves the lowest routing latency among the compared methods at 1.43 ms per sample and reduces expected overall system FLOPs by 5.9 times compared with executing all experts. This work provides a public evaluation platform and an efficient, reproducible baseline for heterogeneous expert routing in electromagnetic signal processing.

cs.LG

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.13028

GTAGym: AAA Game Tasks Environment for Evaluation and Reinforcement Learning

Jiajun Chen, Shicheng Fang, Jiahao Lu, Yuxin Wang, Xipeng Qiu

原文摘要

AAA games offer a rich testbed for evaluating agent perception, reasoning, and control. However, evaluating whether agents can complete tasks in AAA games is challenging and often human-annotated because task outcomes are often difficult to verify automatically, let alone applying it for Reinforcement Learning (RL). We introduce GTAGym, an environment and framework for evaluation and RL on GTA V tasks. Its evaluation benchmark, GTAVBench, derived from GTA V main-story missions, contains 103 online tasks reconstructed across nine task families, alongside 47 image-based shooting and sniping tasks using GTA V imagery. A web server provides access to the online environment and evaluation interface, supporting parallel testing through screenshots and keyboard-mouse actions with automatic engine-state outcome checks. We evaluate six frontier LLMs on GTAVBench with textual task instructions and on its GTAVBench-AGI branch, where instructions appear only in the first screenshot and a harness automatically compresses interaction history. The best configuration achieves 70.9% overall accuracy in GTAVBench-AGI, yet aerial navigation, evasion and interception remain difficult. GTAGym also provides a scalable generator that samples task parameters within user-specified ranges and option sets under fixed templates, creating batches of 3D and image-based shooting environments for RL with automatic reward and termination signals. LoRA RL of Qwen3.8-27B on generated on-foot navigation tasks improves the in-domain performance and transfers to out-of-domain task categories, and native GTA V tasks from 15% to 23%.

cs.CV · cs.AI · cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.15341

Janus-MOPD: Tracing the Student Learning Dynamics in Multi-Teacher On-Policy Distillation

Zongji Yu, Ming Zhang, Dongcheng Zhang, Jiawei Zhou, Haotian Pang, Yiliu Sun, Xiang Wang, Youbang Sun 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Multi-domain capabilities are critical for practically applicable Large Reasoning Models (LRMs). Therefore, Multi-teacher On-Policy Distillation (MOPD) has become a crucial part of the post-training process, integrating the capabilities of multiple domain-specific teacher models into a single student model. However, the student usually fails to acquire multi-domain capabilities simultaneously due to undesirable domain heterogeneity. Existing works have address this problem in view of temporal uneven efficiency and spatial hard allocation in external multi-teacher supervision. While in broader multi-domain training, varying degrees of performance degradation is still largely unexplained. In this paper, we shift the focus on how the student learns and integrates multi-domain capabilities internally, and then propose \textbf{\textsc{Janus-MOPD}}, a general learning dynamics framework of geometric representations for LRMs. Specifically, our main focus is on the internal performance of multi-domain capabilities on both temporal and spatial dimensions within the student. Temporally, our study shows that the student exhibits a Expansion-Consolidation-Optimization (ECO) three-phase learning dynamics, together with inherent limitations in learning efficiency and scaling. Spatially, we summarize two types of subspace locking within and across domains by tracing the representation space of the student, while explaining its clear learning directions but inherent cross-domain conflict. Therefore, \textsc{Janus-MOPD} yields a unified learning dynamics formulation, a geometric tracing methodology, and systematic findings of how the student learns and integrates multi-domain capabilities. Overall, we provide a \textsc{Janus} perspective to internally trace the continual evolution of the multi-domain capabilities within the model itself.

cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.14941

Reality Perception Gap: Are AI-Manipulated Video Detectors Ready for the Real World?

Xiangrui Liu, Xinmiao Luan, Xinyuan Wang, Zhiyuan Fang, Chi-Yao Huang, Douglas C. Montgomery, Yanjie Fu, Felix Juefei-Xu 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

AI-manipulated video detectors are typically evaluated on clean, curated datasets. In deployment, however, videos have usually passed through repost compression on social-media platforms and sometimes were captured by imperfect hardware. To measure detection under these conditions, we introduce Reality Perception Gap (RPG), a benchmark of 10,000 videos from frontier generators and partially synthetic edits, processed with cross-platform repost compression and paired with real footage that carries camera-side optical artifacts. RPG also includes socially fragile content, such as crime and wartime footage, where fabricated videos can cause severe social harm. Across 18 detectors, none catches more than 15% of fakes at a 1% false-positive rate. A positive control and a re-encoding sweep separate two sources of failure: generator and content shift degrades detectors before any compression, and repost compression erases the low-level traces that the artifact-based detectors relies on. Existing detectors therefore struggle when deployment conditions strip away the generation artifacts they rely on. These complementary failures suggest that robust detection requires training under deployment conditions and combining low-level, temporal, and semantic evidence, where passive detection may have reached its limits.

cs.CV

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.14286

ForeseeDrive:面向预期式生成驾驶的未来 token 条件化

ForeseeDrive: Future-Token Conditioning for Anticipatory Generative Driving

Shaokai Wu, Xunchu Zhou, Pinzhi Wang, Bo Dong, Yuting Hu, Yanbiao Ji, Qiuchang Li, Xiao Cui 等 11 位作者

AI 速读 基于摘要

ForeseeDrive 将未来场景演化编码为查询索引 token,在候选轨迹生成之前用其条件化轨迹几何,从而让生成式驾驶规划器具备预期能力。

cs.RO · cs.CV

查看原文摘要

Generative driving planners can represent diverse ego futures, but a downstream scorer can choose only among sampled candidates; it cannot recover an absent maneuver. We present ForeseeDrive, which turns future scene evolution into a deployable interface for shaping candidate generation. Rather than reconstructing dense future states or scoring a fixed menu, ForeseeDrive derives query-indexed tokens from logged actor motion, occupancy evolution, route interactions, and TTC margins, and predicts the same token space from present context at deployment. The tokens condition trajectory geometry before candidates materialize. A zero-token-gated residual path and candidate-preservation loss limit unnecessary drift, while a TTC-margin guard targets brittle safe-to-unsafe boundary crossings. Under their respective benchmark protocols, ForeseeDrive reaches 89.2 PDMS on NAVSIM navtest, 0.41\,m average L2 and 0.05\% collision rate on nuScenes validation, and a 76.50 driving score on Bench2Drive. Controlled DiffusionDrive/NAVSIM diagnostics show an exact zero-token no-op, a small aligned-over-shuffled selected-PDM advantage under preservation, mixed oracle-best quality, and localized TTC-boundary failures. Together, the benchmark results and bounded mechanism tests support future-conditioned generation as a practical interface for anticipation. Code is included in the supplementary materials.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.14279

AutoThreshold:面向自适应掩码二值化的联合混淆轮廓学习

AutoThreshold: Joint Confusion-Profile Learning for Adaptive Mask Binarization

Shaokai Wu, Xunchu Zhou, Pinzhi Wang, Bo Dong, Xiao Cui, Qi Kong, Yue Ding, Hongtao Lu

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出一种事后策略 AutoThreshold,通过预测分数分箱上正负像素的联合质量来参数化阈值索引的混淆计数,从而无需重训即可为任意 F_β 目标选择二值化阈值。

cs.CV

查看原文摘要

A single validation-tuned threshold can become brittle when dense-score distributions shift. We introduce AutoThreshold, a post-hoc policy that predicts the joint mass of positive and negative pixels over score bins. This target directly parameterizes threshold-indexed confusion counts, avoiding products of independently estimated prevalence and class-conditional rates. Softmax normalization and cumulative decoding yield coherent, monotone confusion profiles; a plug-in decoder then selects a threshold for any $F_β$ objective without retraining the head. Across three independently trained Kvasir pipelines transferred to four polyp datasets, Joint exceeds continuous Otsu by $0.0080 \pm 0.0046$ external macro Dice, with positive gains in 3/3 runs. On the reference pipeline, three head seeds achieve $0.6324 \pm 0.0027$, 0.0085 above Otsu; direct-utility Ridge achieves 0.6342, with the paired difference interval spanning zero. The same Joint checkpoints outperform Otsu for $F_{0.5}$, Dice, and $F_2$. On developmental KITTI Road leave-one-corruption-family-out evaluation, Joint improves over scalar regression by 0.0082 [0.0064, 0.0101], while direct utility is 0.0022 higher. These results establish joint confusion prediction as a useful, metric-retargetable inductive bias, without claiming Bayes-optimal $F_β$ decisions.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.13741

Retargetable Compilation for Tensor Kernels via a Unified Layout Abstraction

Likai Ma, Renze Chen, Tianqi Li, Yuhao Luo, Youwei Xiao, Size Zheng, Xiuhong Li, Yun Liang

原文摘要

Modern hardware accelerators achieve high performance through specialized instructions coupled with tightly managed memory hierarchies. These instructions impose strict layout requirements on their operands: where tensor fragments reside, how they are organized, and how parallel units access them. Such instruction-visible layout is critical to kernel performance, as it determines whether instructions execute correctly and how much data movement they incur. However, existing compilers either scatter layout requirements across handwritten programs and local scheduling rules, or provide layout representations and conversions specific to a single class of targets. Both approaches expose the same abstraction gap: the absence of a unified model for instruction layout requirements across backends. This paper presents Arknife, a retargetable compiler that treats instruction-visible layout as first-class instruction semantics. Its central idea is a constraint-based layout algebra: tensor layouts map logical axes to hardware axes spanning parallel levels and memory spaces. Instruction operands declare layout requirements, and target-provided repairs resolve conflicts. Layouts are then solved globally across the program. ISA-specific layout facts are supplied by target-side instruction descriptions rather than hardcoded in the compiler. Retargeting reuses the layout algebra and solver while defining the new target's instructions and their operand requirements. We evaluate Arknife across x86 CPU, Hexagon NPU, and NVIDIA A100 GPU. Arknife matches cuBLAS on A100, and on x86 and Hexagon outperforms vendor-optimized libraries by $2.17\times$ and $3.78\times$ and the retargetable compiler MISAAL by $5.08\times$ and $4.53\times$, respectively.

cs.PL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.13713

Toward Autonomous RTL and Synthesis Optimization: Benchmarking and Self-Improving Agents

Wenji Fang, Yao Lu, Jinghua Wang, Zhiyao Xie

原文摘要

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and autonomous agents are creating new opportunities for hardware design optimization. This paper examines three connected directions toward autonomous RTL and synthesis optimization: (1) Realistic benchmarking. We discuss reference-based and open-ended RTL optimization benchmarks that evaluate optimization opportunities under realistic EDA workflows. (2) Tool-grounded RTL optimization. We present Dr. RTL, a multi-agent framework that automates critical-path analysis, RTL rewriting, and implementation-level evaluation, while continuously improving through reusable optimization skills. Evaluated on 20 real-world RTL designs, Dr.~RTL achieves average WNS/TNS improvements of 21\%/17\% with a 6\% area reduction over commercial synthesis. (3) Design-specific synthesis optimization. We explore agent-driven synthesis script tuning and the discovery of executable synthesis algorithms across intermediate representations, technology-independent optimization, and technology mapping. Finally, we envision AI-native design automation that jointly explores architectural, RTL, and EDA algorithm design spaces, guided by verification constraints and implementation feedback.

cs.AI · cs.AR

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2610.35581

Integrate the Reward, Don't Sample It: Window Likelihood for Interruptions and Backchannels in Full-Duplex Speech Models

Guoqiang Hu, Lichao Zhang, Yizhou Peng, Yuhao Luo, Haifeng Hu, Zhongqian Sun, Wei Yang, Eng Siong Chng

原文摘要

When a user talks over a full-duplex dialogue model, it must decide whether the user is interrupting (stop) or backchannelling (carry on). Post-training can improve this discrimination or change how readily it stops. In our GRPO runs the second dominates: no configuration lowers both error rates on more than one model, and two released checkpoints discriminate no better than their bases. We trace this partly to how the reward is estimated. The probability of stopping inside a short window is a known function of a few stop probabilities the policy emits, yet GRPO estimates it by sampling. A group of rollouts that all agree gives no gradient, even when all fail; the push on the stop threshold is strongest where the model is unsure, whichever outcome is right; and whole-rollout credit reaches decisions the reward never judges. Confining the credit to the window removes only that leakage. Window likelihood (WL) samples the words but integrates over the stop decisions, so the probability of the correct outcome is computed exactly and its logarithm maximised. On HumDial-FDBench, across four open models, WL gives the best F1 and lowers both error rates by more than their confidence intervals, without talking into silence.

eess.AS · cs.CL · cs.SD

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12405

PTC-IoU: CPU-Friendly Detection Quality Estimation for Edge Video Analytics

Wei Geng, Hyerin Kim, Chang Lu, Zhenghao Lu, Joerg Ott

原文摘要

An edge video analytics system must estimate the quality of local detections since there are no ground-truth labels available during runtime. Detectors usually provide confidence scores for their results, but these scores can not reveal every missed object or misplaced bounding box. So a quality estimator is necessary to provide a decision signal indicating which frame has potential detection failures that need to be escalated to a more powerful model in the cloud. Neural network based estimators add workload to the GPU already running detection, while CPU capacity may remain available. We present Predictive Temporal Consistency IoU (PTC-IoU), which moves this workload to CPU by compacting detection boxes histories to support deterministic result scoring. Comparing to neural counterparts, experiments on representative edge hardware, Nvidia Jetson Orin Nano, show that our method reduced per-frame estimator latency from 10.3 ms for neural counterparts to 2.2 ms (4.7x faster), increased pipelined throughput by 13.6%, and cuts estimator energy consumption by up to 95%, while maintaining competitive final detection quality verified on multiple datasets.

cs.CV · cs.PF

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11516

Breaking survivorship bias in driving world models

Zihao Sheng, Zilin Huang, Yuhao Luo, Zhengyang Wan, Boyue Wang, Soyoung Ahn, David A. Noyce, Sikai Chen

原文摘要

World models allow autonomous vehicles to imagine the consequences of candidate actions before execution, but their reliability depends on the futures represented in their training data. We identify a survivorship bias in driving world models: because the futures recorded in prevailing driving datasets almost always end safely, existing models often imagine benign outcomes even when a collision is imminent. We introduce a neutral world model (NWM) that learns both routine and safety-critical futures from a mixture of routine driving and real accident videos with a bounding-box-guided objective. The NWM more faithfully anticipates imminent collisions, while maintaining a low false collision rate and competitive generation quality in routine driving. We further use the model as an imagination engine for decision-making. Given multiple ego trajectories, the NWM predicts the future associated with each candidate, and a reward function evaluates these imagined outcomes before selecting an action. On challenging NAVSIM scenarios, this procedure selects the better trajectory more reliably than the baseline world model. Zero-shot experiments with real-world pedestrian dummy crossing data collected using an autonomous research vehicle further demonstrate transfer to unseen sensor observations. These results show that correcting survivorship bias enables world models to more faithfully reason about futures and support safety-critical decision-making in autonomous driving.

cs.RO

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11216

Replay Fidelity in LLM Agent Evaluation: Randomness, Hidden State, and Test Oracles in AppWorld

You Liu, Quanchao Lu

原文摘要

Reproducibility in large language model (LLM) agent evaluation depends on replay fidelity: which parts of an execution trace are reconstructed, controlled, and compared. This matters for agent debugging, failure analysis, and counterfactual evaluation of stateful tool use. We audit all 71 unsuccessful executions in a fixed historical AppWorld corpus using 284 isolated fixed-code replay attempts. Reconstructed declared settings admit 42 cases under printed-output, pre-oracle database-delta, and native-verdict/test-count checks; resetting the random-number generator before each interaction admits 68. The 26-case gap contracts to four under database/oracle checks, with one endpoint unknown. Mechanism studies identify four materialized-state discrepancies despite matching outputs and verdicts. In one admitted endpoint pair, an identical API call yields matching responses but different row effects; common future Python RNG removes that deterministic difference in two paired repetitions. A separate JWT credential-equality program and alignment controls expose authentication/write differences, with missing repetitions retained. For all 10 affected post-oracle export cases, native export from retained output trackers restores the reference comparison without changing original cached contents. A purposeful 12-case BFCL pilot shows no discrepancy under its tested public-state, return, and verdict checks. We preserve resource censoring and infrastructure deviations. The contribution is a bounded empirical characterization of replay eligibility, hidden state, and test-oracle integration, without estimating debugger accuracy, repair gains, or method-ranking distortion.

cs.SE · cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2511.09895

SE-Diff: Simulator and Experience Enhanced Diffusion Model for Comprehensive ECG Generation

Xiaoda Wang, Kaiqiao Han, Yuhao Xu, Xiao Luo, Yizhou Sun, Wei Wang, Carl Yang

原文摘要

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are the most widely used non-invasive tool for cardiac assessment, yet large, well-annotated ECG corpora are scarce due to cost, privacy, and workflow constraints. Generating ECGs can be beneficial for the mechanistic understanding of cardiac electrical activity, enable the construction of large, heterogeneous, and unbiased datasets, and facilitate privacy-preserving data sharing. Generating realistic ECG signals from clinical context is important yet underexplored. Recent work has leveraged diffusion models for text-to-ECG generation, but two challenges remain: (i) existing methods often overlook the physiological simulator knowledge of cardiac activity; and (ii) they ignore broader, experience-based clinical knowledge grounded in real-world practice. To address these gaps, we propose SE-Diff, a novel physiological simulator and experience enhanced diffusion model for comprehensive ECG generation. SE-Diff integrates a lightweight ordinary differential equation (ODE)-based ECG simulator into the diffusion process via a beat decoder and simulator-consistent constraints, injecting mechanistic priors that promote physiologically plausible waveforms. In parallel, we design an LLM-powered experience retrieval-augmented strategy to inject clinical knowledge, providing more guidance for ECG generation. Extensive experiments on real-world ECG datasets demonstrate that SE-Diff improves both signal fidelity and text-ECG semantic alignment over baselines, proving its superiority for text-to-ECG generation. We further show that the simulator-based and experience-based knowledge also benefit downstream ECG classification.

cs.LG · cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.12541

PPG2ECG: Physiology-Guided Latent Rectified Flow for Electro-Hemodynamic PPG-to-ECG Generation

Xiaoda Wang, Minxiao Wang, Kaiqiao Han, Defu Cao, Ching Chang, Yidan Shi, Runze Yan, Xiao Luo 等 13 位作者

原文摘要

Electrocardiography (ECG) is the clinical standard for cardiac assessment but requires dedicated hardware that does not scale to daily-life monitoring. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is ubiquitous in wearables but lacks ECG-specific diagnostic morphology and is corrupted by motion and sensor noise. PPG-to-ECG generation aims to bridge this gap by recovering electrical morphology and timing from peripheral pulse signals. However, existing methods largely rely on statistical alignment and data-driven generation. They fail to explicitly structure the latent space around physiology-aware electro-hemodynamic factors and lack constraints from forward physiological dynamics. To address these challenges, we propose PPG2ECG, a physiology-guided latent rectified flow framework. PPG2ECG introduces an electro-hemodynamic simulator that co-models ECG and PPG through shared cardiac phase dynamics. Guided by this simulator, a Physiology-Aware AutoEncoder learns a structured electro-hemodynamic latent space. Then we integrate this simulator guidance into a PPG-conditioned latent rectified flow, enforcing ECG-side morphology consistency and ECG-to-PPG forward hemodynamic consistency during generative transport. Experiments on the large-scale MC-MED dataset demonstrate that PPG2ECG significantly improves PPG-to-ECG generation and downstream cardiovascular disease classification, proving its ability to generate ECGs that are both signal-faithful and physiologically plausible under the ECG-to-PPG hemodynamic pathway

eess.SP · cs.AI · cs.LG

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2512.18706

X-Talk: On the Underestimated Potential of Modular Speech-to-Speech Dialogue System

Zhanxun Liu, Yifan Duan, Mengmeng Wang, Pengchao Feng, Haotian Zhang, Xiaoyu Xing, Yijia Shan, Haina Zhu 等 20 位作者

原文摘要

We present X-Talk, an open-source framework that champions a decoupled, modular design for LLM-driven speech-to-speech (S2S) systems. While the dominant trend favors end-to-end (E2E) modeling to optimize information flow, these "omni-models" often struggle to balance the competing objectives of complex speech tasks within a single network. X-Talk challenges this paradigm by demonstrating that a systematically optimized cascaded pipeline can achieve sub-second latency without sacrificing modular flexibility. Our framework seamlessly integrates specialized front-end components (e.g., VAD, speech enhancement) and diverse understanding models (e.g., ASR, emotion, and environmental sound analysis) with LLM capabilities like retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and tool use. By revitalizing the cascaded approach, X-Talk highlights the underestimated potential of modular S2S systems and provides a robust foundation for future research and applications.

cs.SD

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2610.14099

Symmetric, rational and infinitely many $(23_4)$ configurations, and the end of the existence problem for geometric $(n_4)$ configurations

Wenhao Lu

原文摘要

A geometric $(n_4)$ configuration is a set of $n$ points and $n$ lines in the real projective plane such that every point lies on exactly four of the lines and every line contains exactly four of the points. The question of which $n$ admit such a configuration was posed by Grünbaum in 2000, and successive work of Bokowski, Grünbaum, Schewe, Pilaud and Cuntz settled every case but $n=23$. We settle this last case by bounding the symmetry of such configurations and classifying the most symmetric ones exactly. We prove that for every prime $n\equiv3\pmod4$ the group of projective symmetries of a geometric $(n_4)$ configuration has order at most four, explaining why symmetric constructions failed at $n=23$, and the same argument bounds the symmetry of $(n_5)$ configurations for primes $n\not\equiv1\pmod5$. Reducing the Klein four-group case to 4021 bilinear polynomial systems and solving all of them exactly with Gröbner bases, we show that exactly two $(23_4)$ configurations reach this bound up to projective equivalence and that there are no others even over $\mathbb{C}$. Both are self-polar; the first has integer coordinates and the second is defined over $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{17})$ but not over $\mathbb{Q}$. Consequently geometric $(n_4)$ configurations exist if and only if $n\ge18$ and $n\ne19$. The same classification recovers Cuntz's $(22_4)$ and $(26_4)$ configurations and finds three new combinatorial types at $n=22$ and $94$ at $n=26$. Among self-polar $(23_4)$ configurations with a single involution we find $50$ more, defined over number fields of degree at most $7$. Four of them deform in one-parameter families, and computing three of these exactly, one birational to the modular curve $X_1(11)$, we prove that there are infinitely many geometric $(23_4)$ configurations, among them infinitely many with rational coordinates that are self-polar and have no projective symmetry.

math.CO · cs.CG · cs.DM

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.10683

TransMem: Transition-Aware Retrieval for Evolving Personal Memory

Shigeng Chen, Linhao Luo, Changlong Shi, Zhangchi Qiu, Shirui Pan

原文摘要

Long-term personalized agents are increasingly expected to answer queries over user histories in which preferences, goals, and constraints evolve across interleaved conversations. Existing retrieval-based and structured-memory systems can surface relevant facts, but often return isolated memory units that do not explain which earlier preference was refined, contradicted, or superseded by later evidence. We introduce TransMem, a transition-aware memory retrieval framework that stores preference updates as explicit retrieval units alongside ordinary factual memories. During memory construction, TransMem routes user interaction history into topic-structured memory graphs, detects shift events, and grounds them as transition records. At inference time, TransMem first retrieves factual anchors and then adaptively expands over transition records, producing a compact context of factual anchors and accepted transition records. Experiments on PersonaMem and PersonaBench across two Qwen backbones show that TransMem outperforms representative retrieval-based and structured-memory baselines. Controlled analyses further show that transition records and adaptive expansion contribute beyond factual anchoring, chronological expansion, flat transition retrieval, and fixed-hop traversal. These results suggest that preference-update records are useful retrieval units for long-term personalization.

cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.10657

MMGraph-Agent: Agentic Multimodal RAG via Cache-Inspired Multimodal Knowledge HyperGraphs

Haoran Luo, Ziyue Zhu, Shangyang Wu, Linhao Luo, Yikai Guo, Qika Lin, Fangzhi Xu, Jiapu Wang 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Driven by increasingly complex real-world applications, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has evolved from textual pipelines to multimodal settings, comprising two complementary dimensions: knowledge organization and retrieval enhancement. However, existing methods still face challenges of high construction cost, context window limitations, and the lack of unified training across offline and online knowledge sources. To address these challenges, we propose MMGraph-Agent, a unified multimodal RAG framework based on cache-inspired multimodal knowledge hypergraphs. MMGraph-Agent enables extremely lightweight hypergraph construction with zero API cost and dynamic memory-based retrieval that alleviates long-context issues. Experiments across offline, online, and joint retrieval settings demonstrate consistent improvements in performance, efficiency, and architectural unification. Our software and data are publicly available at https://github.com/LHRLAB/MMGraph-Agent.

cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.25342

MATO: Multi-objective Personalized Alignment with Test-time Optimization for Large Language Models

Linhao Luo, Thuy-Trang Vu, Van-Anh Nguyen, Junae Kim, Gholamreza Haffari, Dinh Phung

原文摘要

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with diverse and multifaceted user preferences is a fundamental challenge in personalized AI systems. Existing multi-objective alignment methods either rely on costly training or require pre-trained reward models for each preference, making it difficult for them to adapt to evolving preferences. Prompt-based personalization offers a training-free alternative, but prompting alone often provides limited steerability, as LLMs may overemphasize or overlook certain preferences and fail to give users reliable control over the relative importance of different objectives when conflicts arise, leading to suboptimal alignment. In this paper, we introduce MATO, a training-free framework for Multi-objective personalized Alignment with Test-time Optimization. MATO formulates personalization as a test-time optimization problem that steers the relative importance of multiple objectives through controllable weights during decoding, without modifying model parameters or requiring external reward models. Specifically, a reward discovery module constructs prompt-derived surrogate rewards from the backbone LLM for diverse objectives specified in natural language, while a weight optimization module dynamically adjusts objective weights based on the user's initial preferences and the partially generated response to balance competing objectives during generation. The resulting surrogate rewards and weights jointly guide an online optimization procedure over the token distribution, enabling better alignment with the target objectives. Extensive experiments across multiple datasets and backbone LLMs show that MATO consistently outperforms strong baselines, achieving Pareto-improving multi-objective alignment and stronger steerability. These results highlight test-time optimization as a promising direction for scalable, controllable, and model-agnostic personalized alignment.

cs.CL

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2609.32591

Think Fast, Plan Selectively: Adaptive Deliberation for Efficient Data-Driven MPC

Yi Xian Goh, Sze Jue Yang, Hao Luan

原文摘要

Data-driven model predictive control (MPC) combines learned world models with online trajectory optimization, achieving strong performance in continuous control. However, the per-step cost of sampling and evaluating hundreds of candidate trajectories restricts deployment to control frequencies well below what real-time robotics demands. Motivated by the dual-process theory of human cognition, which distinguishes between fast, intuitive processing (System 1) and slower, deliberative reasoning (System 2), we ask whether every decision requires the same degree of computational deliberation. We propose Fast-TD-MPC, a lightweight framework that adaptively routes between fast policy execution and test-time planning, reserving costly deliberation for states where it is most needed. Fast-TD-MPC delivers competitive task performance across 103 continuous control tasks while achieving up to ~4x faster inference. Under external disturbances, Fast-TD-MPC selectively falls back to planning, maintaining robustness comparable to the original planner.

cs.RO · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.08908

Toward LLM Self-Play Under Data Scarcity: Effectiveness, Generalizability, and Trustworthiness

Zhiyin Yu, Yuchen Mou, Bingzhe Wu, Zhonghai Wu, Shiyang Feng, Xiao Luo

原文摘要

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has been driven largely by scaling model size and human-curated training data, yet this paradigm is increasingly constrained by data scarcity and diminishing returns from human supervision. Self-play offers a promising pathway for autonomous data generation and improvement, but current frameworks remain unsatisfactory due to a lack of a data-centric perspective, limited cross-domain generalization, and growing trustworthiness and security concerns. In this paper, we argue that real-world LLM self-play systems should achieve effectiveness, generalizability, and trustworthiness under data scarcity. To address these challenges, we outline three blue-sky research directions for future self-play systems: (1) data-centric self-play for effective experience generation, (2) generalizable self-play for open-world and unverifiable tasks, and (3) trustworthy self-play for reliable self-evolution. We further discuss research opportunities and solutions within each direction. This paradigm shift will establish a sustainable and safe AI ecosystem by transforming finite human knowledge into inexhaustible high-quality experience through self-play architectures.

cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.01946

Closed-Form 6-DoF Pose Estimation of Medical Tools via Gradiometer-Based Electromagnetic Localization System

Zhiwei Wu, Jiahao Luo, Yubo Pu, Siyi Wei, Yuankai Chen, Jinhui Zhang

原文摘要

Electromagnetic tracking \added[]{is promising for} remote navigation of endoluminal \added[]{medical tools}. However, existing six-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) pose recovery approaches often require pre-calibrated workspace field maps or iterative nonlinear optimization. This letter presents a Gradiometer-Based Electromagnetic Localization System (GELS), a closed-form tracking framework that uses a compact magnetometer array as an embedded quasi-gradiometer to estimate local magnetic fields and gradient tensors. These quantities are mapped by the Euler homogeneous relation to displacements between source and array, from which Procrustes registration over multiple sources recovers the array orientation and position using at least three noncollinear sources. The algorithm requires known source positions and array geometry, but no pre-calibrated workspace field maps, initial pose guesses, or calibrated source magnetic moments. The recovered \added[]{array} pose also enables a demonstration of sublevel dipole localization by serving as a mobile magnetic reference frame. Benchtop experiments across sensor array configurations and excitation modes validate the proposed closed-form 6-DoF localization pipeline, with a median solver runtime of \SI{172.00}{\micro\second}. A perturbation analysis identifies inter-sensor inconsistency and dipole model mismatch as dominant accuracy limits, informing future sensor array and source design to improve pose accuracy.

cs.RO

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.08144

检测强化学习中环境-训练器边界上的静默故障

Detecting Silent Faults at the Environment-Trainer Boundary in Reinforcement Learning

Zuo Gou, Chenhao Lu

AI 速读 基于摘要

作者将环境与训练器之间的边界建模为线协议,并报告基于运行过程(步账本与回合记录)的检查能发现并定位学习曲线检查漏掉的静默故障。

cs.RO · cs.LG · cs.SE

查看原文摘要

Robot reinforcement learning increasingly runs environments outside the trainer: in another process, on another machine, in another language. Many faults at this boundary raise no error. We make the boundary a wire protocol and ask what notices a fault in it. On Pendulum, HalfCheetah, Hopper and a 7-joint arm (Pusher), we injected up to 23 faults into what crosses the wire and 2 into the trainer's log, from one value to every value. Unless every value was wrong, a learning-curve threshold caught at most one run in ten, and a comparison with ten fault-free seeds at most 21%. A clean evaluation of all 1,060 final policies agreed with the curves: of the 728 boundary-fault runs both curve checks passed, 723 scored no more than three standard deviations below fault-free seeds, though nearly all ended on other weights and, for reward faults, logged other returns. Checks of the run itself, not of its outcome, saw every fault. A step ledger kept on both sides and compared step by step caught and located every fault that crossed, on Pendulum, Hopper and Pusher on one machine and on Pendulum across two, with no fault-free run and, on Pendulum, a median 3% more training time. An episode record kept at the environment caught the faults in the trainer's log. We list such faults found in practice, in Gymnasium 1.3 and our own code and, reported by others, in five multi-agent libraries, and recommend a step ledger and episode counts kept at the environment.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07850

Learning Robotic World Models with Semantic and Visual Feedback

Hao Wu, Yuqi Li, Yizhou Zhao, Kun Wang, Xiao Luo, Yu Cheng, Bo An, Yingli Tian 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Robot world models predict action-conditioned future visual states to support robotic planning and decision making. However, visual reconstruction does not fully capture task progress, semantic evaluation alone provides limited constraints on fine-grained visual errors, and homogeneous predictions limit comparative feedback. We present RoboImagine, a framework for post-training autoregressive robotic world models through candidate-future comparisons with semantic and visual feedback. Diverse search promotes diversity among candidate trajectories under shared visual observations, action sequences, and task instructions. A frozen multimodal evaluator provides task-relevant semantic preferences through pairwise video comparisons in both presentation orders, complemented by pixel- and perceptual-level visual consistency feedback that constrains local structural and appearance errors. These signals drive policy optimization through group-relative advantages. Fixed initial context and branch-specific rolling histories support long-sequence generation with bounded context and consistent conditioning between candidate generation and policy optimization. Experiments with separately trained models on RT-1, BridgeV2, and RoboCasa cover real-world and simulated manipulation. On RT-1, under matched initialization, update counts, and evaluation protocols, RoboImagine improves PSNR by 1.26 dB and reduces LPIPS by 11.93% relative to continued supervised fine-tuning. Ablations show that diverse search improves prediction quality and that combined semantic and visual feedback yields higher external multimodal evaluation scores than visual feedback alone while maintaining comparable visual fidelity. Rolling histories further improve long-horizon prediction. These results support improving visual fidelity, task relevance, and long-horizon prediction through candidate comparison and complementary feedback.

cs.RO · cs.CV

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07569

MambaTG: Candidate-Aware State Space Modeling for Future Link Prediction on Temporal Graphs

Nguyen Hong Quan, Sitao Luan, Yilun Zheng, Lihui Chen

原文摘要

Future link prediction on temporal graphs involves both repeated interactions between previously connected node pairs and first-time interactions between pairs with no prior interaction. While repeated-edge prediction can exploit direct pairwise evidence, unseen-edge prediction must generalize beyond historical recurrence. Existing temporal graph models often exploit signals tied to recurring interactions or historical overlap, which are highly informative for repeated edges but become limited or unavailable for unseen edges, contributing to substantial performance degradation on unseen-edge prediction. Based on this observation, we identify two complementary signals for modeling sequential dynamics beyond historical recurrence: (1) historical-sequence evolution, which captures dependencies among the source node's chronologically ordered interactions, and (2) candidate--history compatibility, which captures how well a candidate fits the source node's evolving history. Based on the decomposition, we propose MambaTG, a candidate-aware Mamba-based framework that jointly models these two signals. Mamba provides a natural mechanism for this design: its selective recurrence captures the evolution of ordered interaction histories, while its input-dependent state transitions allow the history state to adapt to different candidate inputs. Extensive experiments on 13 temporal graph datasets against 13 representative baselines show that MambaTG achieves strong and consistent performance across both repeated and unseen edges while remaining computationally efficient.

cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07392

WeLM-Image: A Unified Image Generation Model towards Visual Intelligence

Canmiao Fu, Chen Li, Guohui Zhang, Hao Lu, Hongyang Wei, Huadong Wu, Huaisong Zhang, Hubery Yin 等 16 位作者

原文摘要

We present \textbf{WeLM-Image}, a unified image foundation model that integrates multimodal understanding into text-to-image generation, instruction-guided editing, and multi-reference synthesis. Designed for single-GPU deployment in WeChat's large-scale consumer applications, the model processes text, reference images, and target latents as one interleaved sequence. A Mixture-of-Transformers (MoT) backbone combines shared attention with independent understanding and generation parameters to limit optimization interference. Equipping each path with Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) modules provides sparse capacity, with 31.7B stored parameters and approximately 5.4B generation parameters activated per target latent token. A generation-oriented data engine combines a knowledge-grounded visual vocabulary with large-scale visual clustering to balance semantic coverage and editing tasks, while training-time evaluation guides iterative data refinement. Bilingual annotations and verified editing supervision support progressive training up to native 1.5K resolution. We optimize generation and editing separately with rubric- and checklist-based rewards, then consolidate the specialized policies through noise-aware on-policy distillation. In the reported overall comparisons, the 1536-resolution model ranks first among the evaluated open-source models on PRISM-Bench, Qwen-Image-Bench, and UnicBench. MeanFlow-based few-step distillation yields WeLM-Image-Turbo, which generates a $1024\times1024$ image in 4.98\,s on a single NVIDIA H20 GPU using eight guidance-free steps.

cs.CV · cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.14171

CSI-JEPA: Towards Foundation Representations for Ubiquitous Wi-Fi Sensing with Minimal Supervision

Xuanhao Luo, Zhizhen Li, Yuchen Liu

原文摘要

Channel state information (CSI) provides a widely available sensing modality for human and environment perception, but existing CSI sensing models usually rely on task-specific supervised training and require substantial labeled data for each task, device, user, or environment. This limits their scalability in practical deployments where unlabeled CSI is abundant but labeled data is costly to collect. In this paper, we present CSI-JEPA, a self-supervised predictive representation learning framework for label-efficient and transferable Wi-Fi sensing. CSI-JEPA learns reusable temporal-spectral representations from unlabeled CSI samples by predicting latent features of masked channel regions from visible context. To better match the physical structure of CSI, it jointly tokenizes CSI along the time and subcarrier dimensions and introduces a channel variation-aware masking strategy that prioritizes regions with stronger local channel dynamics. After pretraining, the encoder is frozen and adapted to downstream sensing tasks using lightweight task-specific adapters. We evaluate CSI-JEPA on seven real-world Wi-Fi sensing tasks spanning diverse objectives and deployment settings. The results show that CSI-JEPA improves downstream sensing performance over competitive baselines, achieving up to 10.64 percentage points (pp) mean accuracy gain over the supervised Transformer and matched-budget label savings of up to 95.0%. Across unseen tasks, environments, hardware platforms, and CSI organizations, frozen CSI-JEPA improves downstream adaptation by up to 22.92 pp over non-pretrained baselines, demonstrating strong representation transferability.

cs.LG · cs.NI

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2610.20277

TANGO: RNA Topology and Geometry Co-Design

Tianmeng Hu, Biao Luo, Ke Li

原文摘要

Designing RNA sequences that satisfy target tertiary-structure objectives is an important problem in RNA engineering, with broad applications in synthetic biology and therapeutics. Existing 3D RNA design methods have made substantial progress, but they largely treat the target fold as a geometry-only objective. This is incomplete for RNA, whose functional folds are specified not only by tertiary geometry but also by secondary base-pairing topology. We therefore formulate RNA inverse design as a topology-and-geometry co-design problem and propose TANGO, a multi-objective multi-agent reinforcement learning framework for this task. TANGO adopts a staged curriculum: it first learns a topology-aware policy from secondary-structure targets, then transfers this policy to tertiary-structure targets to train a general co-design model, and finally applies frontier-guided fine-tuning to refine target-specific trade-offs among secondary-structure fidelity, tertiary-structure fidelity, and sequence diversity. Experiments show that TANGO generates diverse and novel designs, improving tertiary- and secondary-structure performance by 18.3% and 52.7%, respectively, over the strongest baseline.

cs.LG · cs.MA