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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16879

Context Graph: Explainable Multi-Agent Decision Chains in AI-RAN

Xijun Wang, Zhaoyang Liu, Xiang Chen, Howard H. Yang, Chenyuan Feng

原文摘要

AI-RAN distributes network control across multiple autonomous agents, namely xApps and rApps operating over shared radio resources. When an alert or degradation appears, operators currently lack a structured way to trace which decision caused it, what context triggered that decision, and how other agents interacted. Existing explainability tools focus on single-model feature attribution or linear event logging, neither of which captures cross-agent decision chains. We propose the Context Graph, a heterogeneous directed graph that organizes policies, measurements, decisions, and alerts into a queryable explanation layer. Its foundational primitive is the Decision-Event node acting as a causal junction, where incoming edges capture triggering context and outgoing edges track downstream consequences that are progressively upgraded through counterfactual verification. Instantiated over existing E2, A1, and O1 data flows, our proof-of-concept demonstrates that compliance and diagnosis queries are resolved at sub-millisecond latency over graphs of tens of thousands of nodes, while reliably distinguishing true causal impacts from spurious correlations.

cs.NI · cs.AI · cs.IT

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.15315

MIGRO: A Decoupled and Portable Long-Term Memory System for Language Models

Mingxi Zou, Yinghui Xu, Jiaxiang Chen, Langzhang Liang, Wei Zhu, Peng Ye, Runkai Zhao, Ruoxi Jiang 等 13 位作者

原文摘要

Language models evolve, but the observations, revisions, and context accumulated through user interactions should remain usable. Each new model must be able to retrieve past evidence, track revisions, and add new observations. We present MIGRO, a decoupled long-term memory system that treats experience as a persistent state shared across successive language models. MIGRO follows a simple principle: preserve historical evidence exactly, organize it approximately, and decide what to retrieve only when the question is known. We call this asymmetric fidelity with deferred selectivity. A shared semantic index supports retrieval, while exact records retain observations and their historical relationships. Because models differ in vocabulary and tokenization, host-specific interfaces convert selected evidence into inputs the receiving model can use. Reversible encoding reduces archival storage while enabling exact recovery. The shared state and its access interfaces let successive hosts read and extend the accumulated experience. On matched LoCoMo states, MIGRO scores 7.3% higher and uses 99.3% less private memory than the strongest quality baseline. After handoff, continued writing retains 99.9% of full-history rebuilding quality by extending the inherited state. On million-token BEAM histories, MIGRO uses 57.5% less private storage on average than the most compact baseline. MIGRO combines high answer quality, continued memory growth across hosts, and low storage cost. Code is available at https://github.com/zOUMINGXI/MIGRO.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v4arXiv:2603.05947

LucidNFT: LR-Anchored Multi-Reward Preference Optimization for Flow-Based Real-World Super-Resolution

Song Fei, Tian Ye, Sixiang Chen, Zhaohu Xing, Jianyu Lai, Lei Zhu

原文摘要

Generative real-world image super-resolution (Real-ISR) can synthesize visually convincing details from severely degraded low-resolution (LR) inputs, but stochastic sampling can introduce semantic or structural hallucinations unsupported by the LR evidence. Sampling multiple outputs per LR input exposes trade-offs between perceptual quality and faithfulness that reinforcement learning (RL) can optimize beyond paired supervision. Effective alignment is limited by the lack of a degradation-robust LR-referenced faithfulness signal, the loss of per-objective reward contrasts when rewards are combined before normalization in Diffusion Negative-aware FineTuning (DiffusionNFT), and limited coverage of real degradations. We propose LucidNFT, a multi-reward RL framework for flow-matching Real-ISR. LucidNFT introduces LucidConsistency, a degradation-invariant LR-referenced evaluator trained with content-consistent degradation pools and hard negatives created by inpainting to detect localized hallucinations. Its decoupled reward normalization strategy normalizes each reward within each LR-conditioned rollout group before fusion, preserving per-objective contrasts across candidates. LucidLR provides a large-scale collection of real-world degraded images for RL fine-tuning. Experiments show that LucidNFT improves perceptual quality on strong flow-based Real-ISR baselines while generally maintaining LR-referenced consistency across diverse real-world scenarios. In a reward-independent human study, LucidNFT outputs were judged more faithful to the LR inputs in 72.5 percent of comparisons.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.15721

Contexting as Recommendation: Evolutionary Collaborative Filtering for Context Engineering

Jiachen Zhu, Zhuoying Ou, Congmin Zheng, Yuxiang Chen, Zeyu Zheng, Rong Shan, Lingyu Yang, Lionel Z. Wang 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly sensitive to their input contexts, motivating the development of automated context engineering. However, existing methods predominantly treat this as a global search problem, seeking a single context strategy that maximizes average performance across a dataset. This restrictive assumption overlooks the fact that different inputs often require distinct guidance, leaving substantial instance-level performance gains untapped. In this paper, we propose a paradigm shift by formulating context engineering as a recommendation problem. We introduce \textbf{Neural Collaborative Context Engineering (NCCE)}, a framework that transitions optimization from a static global search to dynamic, instance-wise routing. NCCE first bootstraps a diverse catalog of anchor contexts and then employs a novel \textbf{Context-CF Co-Evolution} mechanism. This stage establishes a synergistic feedback loop: a lightweight Neural Collaborative Filtering (NCF) model learns instance-context preferences to guide the generation of specialized context variants, while the newly evaluated contexts continuously refine the NCF model's understanding of latent preferences. At inference time, the trained NCF model acts as a context router, dynamically assigning the most suitable context strategy to each unseen instance. Theoretical Proofs and comprehensive experiments demonstrate that by matching individual inputs with their optimal contexts, NCCE significantly improves task accuracy, highlighting the critical importance of personalization in LLM context engineering.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2508.03469

IKOD: Image-Attention-Guided Key-Value Merging against Object Hallucination in the Decoding of Large Vision-Language Models

Jiabing Yang, Chenhang Cui, Yixiang Chen, Tao Yu, Yan Huang, Liang Wang

原文摘要

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) exhibit strong visual understanding and language generation capabilities yet remain prone to object hallucination, producing plausible descriptions unsupported by the input image. Analyzing generation dynamics across eight diverse LVLMs, we observe that cross-modal visual attention steadily decays as generation unfolds because appended text tokens continuously expand the softmax denominator; consequently, hallucinated objects consistently appear later and under lower image attention than grounded mentions. Unlike existing training-free remedies that rely on input perturbations or external models, we propose IKOD (Image-attention-guided Key-value merging against Object hallucination in Decoding), a collaborative decoder that directly compresses the competing text context within the native key-value (KV) cache. At each step, IKOD keeps visual tokens intact and merges low-attention text entries into a compact auxiliary cache, fusing the resulting image-focused distribution with the base branch to correct ungrounded predictions while preserving linguistic fluency. An adaptive variant (IKOD-A) further schedules collaboration strength online from the measured attention decay under a single universal configuration. Extensive experiments across hallucination and general multimodal benchmarks on eight diverse LVLMs demonstrate that IKOD and IKOD-A consistently mitigate object hallucination while preserving object recall and general multimodal capabilities at minimal inference cost. Code is available at https://github.com/jiabingyang01/IKOD.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.13010

Preserving Cultural Records: A Large-Scale Benchmark and Visual-Prior Routing Network for Ancient Book Image Restoration

Shumin Fan, Tianyu Song, Hongming Chen, Xiaodong Zhou, Xiang Chen

原文摘要

Ancient books preserve invaluable cultural heritage, yet their images often suffer from complex degradations caused by long-term ageing, environmental exposure, and physical damage. Existing ancient book image restoration benchmarks are limited in scale and rely on simplified degradation simulations, which cannot fully represent real-world degradation patterns and restrict the generalization ability of restoration models. To address these challenges, we introduce AncBench, a large-scale synthetic paired benchmark containing 100K aligned clean-degraded image pairs. AncBench models realistic composite degradations through a comprehensive degradation pipeline that considers material ageing, paper texture variation, blur, staining, water-induced geometric distortion, and local occlusion. Furthermore, we propose AncRestore, a degradation-aware visual-prior routing network for ancient book image restoration. AncRestore first learns degradation representations from degraded images and then dynamically selects and integrates suitable visual priors according to different degradation characteristics. Guided by these degradation cues, a dynamic routing mechanism combines expert-wise and region-wise routing strategies adaptively adjusts the contribution of these priors across different regions, enabling the model to recover both global appearance and local text details. Extensive experiments show that AncRestore effectively suppresses composite degradations while preserving text structures and enhancing restoration quality against other methods, highlighting its application potential for intelligent ancient book image restoration in cultural heritage preservation.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11469

RealEmbedBench: Benchmarking LLMs on Real-World Application-Layer Embedded Software Tasks

Yujun Huang, Yuwei Zhang, Yi Zhou, Shanshan Wu, Xiang Chen, Lina Gong

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) perform well on general coding tasks, but their capabilities in application-layer embedded software development remain underexplored. Existing embedded benchmarks primarily focus on hardware-in-the-loop validation in simulated environments. We introduce RealEmbedBench, a benchmark of 5,142 samples covering three application-layer tasks: code generation and completion, state machine modeling and implementation, and cross-OS code translation. We evaluate six representative LLMs and find substantial performance differences across tasks and models. Project context, especially the local code window, significantly affects code generation and completion. Models perform reasonably well at state machine modeling but struggle to translate these models into executable code. Cross-OS translation performance varies substantially by direction. Translation from Harmony to RT-Thread is particularly challenging, with an average pass rate of 0.1667. These findings suggest that developers should consider local code context when using LLMs for code generation and completion and select models according to the translation direction. They also motivate the use of more real-world state machine implementation data in LLM training to narrow the gap between modeling and executable code.

cs.AI · cs.SE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11213

NumericalDiff: Numerical Program Differencing via Value-Based Trace Alignment and Intervention

Xiang Chen, Huanhuan Xia

原文摘要

Numerical programs implementing the same computational task can exhibit different numerical behavior because of their execution stacks, program representations, or program logic. Source text and final outputs alone provide limited diagnostic information: numerical differences can propagate through corresponding computations, while distinct executions can produce equal outputs. We present NumericalDiff, an execution-based method that records assignment-level numerical events, aligns traces using a tolerance-aware longest common subsequence independent of variable names and source locations, and optionally reexecutes after replacing one intermediate value with its counterpart. Among the original and all single-intervention executions, it lexicographically maximizes matched events and minimizes unmatched events. NumericalDiff supports code comparison across language and framework front ends, currently including NumPy, PyTorch, JAX, C, C++, Fortran, and Octave. We evaluate NumericalDiff on 36 controlled cases comprising 675 pair/input instances: 36 execution-stack, 588 program-representation, and 51 program-logic instances. All 24 operator-injection instances expose trace differences, including three with tolerance-equal final outputs, while complete trace alignment is achieved for all 441 canonical cross-representation instances. Within the 51 program-logic instances, intervention improves 24 alignments and raises macro-average matching coverage from 0.4210 to 0.6513. The results show that value-based trace alignment and reexecution can delimit propagated numerical differences across heterogeneous implementations.

cs.SE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.06682

SecureGARD: Dynamic Ontology-Guided Governance for Secure Tool-Using LLM Agents

Guoqin Xiong, Shengtao Wen, Xiang Chen, Xinyi Zeng, Zhaoxin Fan, Wei Ye, Xiaofeng Cao, Sheng-Jun Huang

原文摘要

Tool-using large language model (LLM) agents translate model outputs into consequential actions, turning indirect prompt injection into an execution-security problem. Existing defenses constrain tool calls, trajectories, or information flows, but often leave action semantics, state dependencies, and evidence relations implicit, limiting generalization across heterogeneous tools and complicating safe updates. We present SecureGARD, a dynamic ontology-guided governance framework. SecureGARD grounds heterogeneous calls in a shared semantic representation and combines an executable ontology with episode-level task state to derive deterministic ready, waiting, and forbidden decisions. A waiting decision identifies an unmet but recoverable obligation, enabling bounded replanning without expanding the agent's authorization boundary. SecureGARD evolves its ontology offline from verified training executions. An offline LLM proposes instance-independent action-state axioms, which are accepted only if they address ontology errors exposed by training failures, preserve logical consistency and protected entailments, and pass held-out validation before the ontology is frozen. We evaluate SecureGARD on AgentDojo, ASB, and AgentDyn under benign and indirect prompt-injection settings. SecureGARD achieves a 0% attack success rate (ASR) across all three benchmarks while improving task utility under attack compared with existing baselines. These results show that explicit semantic governance can strengthen execution security without indiscriminate blocking.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.09727

One for All: A Non-Linear Transformer can Enable Cross-Domain Generalization for In-Context Reinforcement Learning

Bowen He, Juncheng Dong, Lin Lin, Xiang Cheng

原文摘要

A central challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) is to learn models that generalize beyond the tasks on which they are trained, a goal traditionally pursued through multi-task and meta RL. Recently, transformer architectures have emerged as a promising approach, enabling adaptation to new tasks via in-context learning without explicit parameter updates. From a functional perspective, a transformer can be viewed as a functional operator that maps a context to a task-specific function. It is thus fundamental to understand and design this operator to support stronger generalization in RL. In this work, we address this resulting question of generalization from a kernel-based perspective by establishing a connection between non-linear transformers and kernel-based temporal difference learning. By interpreting the transformer as performing regression in a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS), we show that value functions from different domains can be represented using a shared set of weights, provided they lie within the same RKHS. Experiments on multiple MetaWorld domains support this interpretation, demonstrating convergence of the temporal-difference objective.

cs.LG · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.10162

M5-TTS: A Mini-Scale Multilingual and Multi-Dialect Text-to-Speech Language Model with Multi-Token Prediction

Wenhao Li, Jingbin Hu, Shengming Ling, Xiaming Ren, Haoyu Zhang, Jinrui Liang, Hanke Xie, Qirui Zhan 等 23 位作者

原文摘要

We present M5-TTS, a compact text-to-speech system supporting multilingual and Chinese multidialect synthesis, zero-shot voice cloning, speaker-specific multilingual generation, and CPU streaming. Its 50M-parameter language model, excluding the speech codec, combines a temporal backbone with a local multi-token prediction module over 16 codebooks. GRPO post-training combines global speaker-similarity and pause feedback with a token-level CER process advantage. Character-level error comparisons provide local feedback, with negative credit propagated backward within a clause and projected onto audio-token positions. M5-TTS achieves 1.37% CER on Seed-ZH and 2.91% WER on Seed-EN, corresponding to relative error reductions of 62.2% and 35.3% over MOSS-TTS-Nano with half the language-model parameters. It also achieves lower content error rates in five of six evaluated MiniMax languages, while difficult Chinese inputs remain a limitation. On four Intel Xeon Gold 6530 cores, it achieves a real-time factor of 0.653 and a warm first-chunk latency of 225ms. A 10-listener evaluation gives M5-TTS higher speaker-similarity and intelligibility ratings than MOSS-TTS-Nano, with a lower naturalness rating. We will release training, post-training, and inference code, together with voice-cloning and speaker-specific checkpoints, to support reproducible research on compact speech generation for on-device voice interaction.

eess.AS · cs.SD

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2512.18563

OpenView: Empowering MLLMs with Out-of-view VQA

Qixiang Chen, Cheng Zhang, Chi-Wing Fu, Jingwen Ye, Jianfei Cai

原文摘要

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) show great potential in natural image understanding. Yet, they perform well, mainly on reasoning in-view contents within the image frame. This paper presents the first study on out-of-view (OOV) understanding, i.e., the ability to reason about objects, activities, and scenes beyond the visible frame of a perspective view. Our technical contributions are threefold. First, we design OpenView, a four-stage pipeline that leverages panoramic imagery for large-scale and diverse multi-choice VQA synthesis, where full-scene coverage enables flexible view framing while preserving global scene awareness. Second, we curate OpenView-Dataset, a high-quality synthetic dataset from diverse real-world panoramas to empower MLLMs upon supervised fine-tuning. Third, we build OpenView-Bench, a benchmark that jointly measures choice and rationale accuracy for interpretable and diagnosable evaluation. Experimental results show that despite having a large gap from human performance in OOV VQA answer selection, multiple MLLMs, upon empowered by OpenView, can consistently boost their performance, uplifted from 48.3% to 62.3% on average. Code, benchmark, and data are available at https://github.com/q1xiangchen/OpenView.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.08566

CascadeRec: Deployed Adaptive LLM Compute Allocation for Multi-Tenant Content Recommendation

Kai Zhao, Guilin Zhang, Xiang Cheng, Xiquan Cui, Henry Heng, Xu Chu, Alet Blanken

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) are attractive rerankers for recommendation. Running an expensive model on every request is costly, and for users with sparse interaction histories it often lowers quality. We present CascadeRec, a two-tier LLM reranking cascade deployed in production at a large financial planning and analysis (FP&A) SaaS provider. It serves content recommendations to enterprise tenants on AWS EKS and GKE. A lightweight Tier-1 model reranks every request. A router escalates only the requests where extra inference-time compute is likely to help, and sends them to a more expensive Tier-2 procedure (self-consistency sampling, multi-path reasoning, or a larger model). The system has run in a production A/B experiment for over a month. Compared with uniform use of the expensive tier, CascadeRec has reduced inference cost by about 10%, with minimal latency impact and no quality regression observed to date. Tenant data cannot be released, so we also evaluate the pipeline on public benchmarks (MovieLens-1M and Amazon-Electronics). Segment-level analysis with paired-bootstrap confidence intervals shows that uniform LLM reranking lowers NDCG@10 for sparse-history users by up to 30%, and its only statistically significant gain appears on the segment with the longest histories. Escalating cold users can make the loss larger instead of repairing it. Which segments benefit from escalation depends on the domain, and this motivates the segment-gated rollout we use in production. We describe the deployment architecture, the measured benefits, and lessons learned, including inter-tenant load imbalance as a driver for cascading and the handling of LLM output-parsing failures at the serving layer.

cs.IR · cs.AI · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06518

EmoReward: Self-Evolving Reward Calibration for Emotional Video Generation RL

Mingzhe Zheng, Yue Wu, Jing Tan, Chang Zou, Dengyang Jiang, Zeyue Tian, Xuanhua He, Ryan Xu 等 22 位作者

原文摘要

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has advanced generative model post-training in verifiable domains such as code and mathematics, but evaluating video quality, especially emotional expression, often depends on subjective aesthetics and has no uniquely correct target. Existing approaches typically rely on fixed rewards for visual quality, motion quality, and text alignment that poorly capture emotional intent and can invite reward hacking, while RLHF is difficult to scale and subject to individual aesthetic differences that complicate the calibration of facial, body motion, and chromatic cues across narrative contexts. We introduce EmoReward, a new self-evolving training mechanism that distills evidence reliability from reward traces collected during an actual training run to adaptively guide multi-reward weight allocation in subsequent training by determining which emotional evidence to trust and how much to weight it. EmoReward first plans specific grounding cues from the emotional prompt to guide evaluation, then uses heterogeneous signal primitives to score the generated video during the act stage. Reflective Reward Gating calibrates their contributions through instance-level gates for phase, face confidence, conflict, and subtlety, then renormalizes weights over the active set to produce the sample's fused reward. RewardMemory then estimates each primitive's reliability from rollout scores and outcomes within each emotional regime in the finished training run, then fixes bounded multipliers that calibrate fusion weights in the next training run without updating reward models. Experiments on HunyuanVideo 1.5 show improvements across multiple RL algorithms and compare EmoReward with other agentic reward methods under SAGE-GRPO. Ablations and transfer experiments on SD 3.5 and FLUX further support adaptive reward calibration for visual generation.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06501

CRESiST: Self-Enhancing Explorative Policy Learning for Simultaneous Speech Translation

Chenyang Le, Pei Zhang, Yuxiang Chen, Bing Han, Derek F. Wong, Baosong Yang, Yanmin Qian

原文摘要

Simultaneous Speech Translation (SimulST) requires balancing translation quality and latency. While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in offline translation, current LLM-based SimulST systems predominantly rely on prefix-incremental generation. This paradigm suffers from redundant Key-Value cache recomputation and necessitates external Voice Activity Detection to process unbounded streams. To overcome these bottlenecks, we propose an end-to-end interleaved read-write framework built upon an omni-modal LLM. By interleaving speech chunks and text tokens, our architecture achieves full KV cache reuse, natively supporting segmentation-free, infinite-length inference. Furthermore, to learn optimal streaming policies without rigid offline alignments, we introduce a novel Actor-Critic self-enhancement pipeline. An RNN-T Actor dynamically samples read-write trajectories, while an LLM-based Critic evaluates these paths via intrinsic semantic and latency rewards, distilling the optimal policy back to the Actor. Extensive experiments on sentence-level (FLEURS, CoVoST2) and document-level (MuST-C, ACL 60/60) benchmarks demonstrate that our model establishes new state-of-the-art quality-latency Pareto frontiers, substantially outperforming existing cascaded and static-alignment baselines.

cs.CL · cs.SD

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.29711

Decoupling Knowledge and Privacy: Post-Task Self-Distillation Replay for LLM Continual Learning

Shengtao Wen, Yunying Yang, Xiang Chen, Lingbing Guo, Yu Tian, Sheng-Jun Huang

原文摘要

Privacy-preserving continual learning (PPCL) must reduce the reproduction of sensitive content while retaining useful knowledge across sequential tasks. Formal privacy guarantees characterize randomized mechanisms, whereas operational output control concerns whether a trained model selectively reduces the likelihood of sensitive content in its outputs. In this work, we investigate the latter together with continual-learning utility under realistic task evolution. Retention and privacy correction operate at different granularities: task acquisition requires broad preservation of current- and old-task behavior, whereas privacy correction targets sparse annotated positions. Joint optimization leaves the current-task preservation target continually changing. We propose SPARK, a retention-correction decomposition that first freezes the learned post-task distribution and then applies selective correction around this stable reference. Self-Distillation Replay learns the current task while distilling behavior from previous tasks, and Post-Task Privacy Correction reduces annotated-PII likelihood while anchoring current- and old-task non-PII behavior to the resulting checkpoint. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that SPARK achieves effective selective PII suppression while preserving strong continual-learning utility and knowledge retention across diverse settings. Code and data will be released upon publication.

cs.LG · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05007

Throughput-Optimal Control of Distributed Computing Networks for Service DAGs

Peng Li, Jianan Zhang, Jaime Llorca, Xinzhe Fu, Xiang Cheng, Chen Chen

原文摘要

Executing service workflows with directed acyclic graph (DAG) dependencies over wireless distributed computing networks requires joint control of function placement, routing, and scheduling, together with synchronization of inputs from the same request at merge points. We study throughput-optimal control of these networks under stochastic request arrivals, time-varying wireless links, and interference constraints. We use a valid mapping abstraction that assigns each service function to a computation node and each DAG dependency to a routing path. Using this abstraction, we characterize the network capacity region to support service DAGs, and prove that synchronizing the packets of a request at merge points does not shrink the region. We develop Dynamic Computing Network Control for service DAGs (DCNC-DAG), a dynamic control policy that selects queue-aware valid mappings and schedules service DAG execution by nearest-to-origin (NTO) while enforcing input synchronization at merge points. With exact minimum-cost valid mappings, DCNC-DAG is throughput-optimal and ensures rate stability of the physical queues under bounded arrivals. These guarantees hold for any fixed finite interval between mapping updates, even when mapping decisions rely on boundedly stale queue length information. For larger service DAGs, we develop DCNC-DAG-H, which replaces exact mapping optimization with a queue-aware heuristic. Simulations show that DCNC-DAG supports $2.7\times$-$5.5\times$ the throughput of queue-blind baselines, while DCNC-DAG-H achieves up to $2.68\times$ those of the corresponding baselines on larger workflow and AI service DAGs.

cs.NI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01643

CREDO: Evidence-Conditioned Credit Assignment for Temporal Reasoning Agents

Yue Leng, Shengtao Wen, Xiang Chen, Xinyi Zeng, Yu Tian, Sheng-Jun Huang

原文摘要

Temporal Knowledge Graph Question Answering (TKGQA) requires language model agents to retrieve evidence, select relevant facts, and perform multi-step temporal reasoning. However, the trajectory-level outcome signal in GRPO does not explicitly distinguish the quality of intermediate decisions: downstream failures can penalize useful evidence acquisition, while identical rewards in all-failed groups eliminate the relative outcome signal despite differences in intermediate progress. We propose Credit Redistribution with Evidence-Driven Opportunities (CREDO), which uses intermediate evidence to recover local supervision, including in all-failed groups, and determine where outcome supervision acts. CREDO assigns positive stage-level credit through comparisons among rollouts of the same question and uses retained answer overlap as an opportunity proxy to shift part of the outcome-policy weight toward reasoning and answering. The framework preserves terminal rewards and trajectory-level advantages, while redistribution conserves total outcome-policy weight per trajectory. Following the public evaluation protocol of prior work, CREDO raises Overall accuracy from 78.0% to 82.4% and Multiple accuracy from 55.0% to 65.6% on MultiTQ relative to the strongest published baseline in our comparison. On TimelineKGQA, it raises cross-KG accuracy from 30.9% to 36.4% relative to our reproduced baseline via direct transfer to ICEWS Actor under matched training and evaluation settings.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.CL · cs.IR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.39816

PASA-KV: Attacking Action-Facing Visual Routes in World Action Models

Zhongbo Wu, Jiakai Huang, Zheng Zhang, Siyu Xu, Kaixiang Chen, Xiaohong Liu, Shan You, Chang Xu 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

World action models (WAMs) increasingly couple internal visual or world representations with action generation, making their world-to-action pathways a critical yet poorly understood source of robustness. We investigate when perturbations to these internal representations actually become behaviorally consequential, and uncover a pronounced mismatch between representation perturbability and closed-loop vulnerability: attack effectiveness varies sharply across visual K/V routes, while larger representation displacement does not reliably imply stronger control failure. Our analysis attributes this mismatch to the action-conditioned readout, where keys determine where action queries read and values determine what content they receive. This motivates an action-facing view of vulnerability, in which the effect of a perturbation depends on how it is routed into action generation rather than on representation-space magnitude alone. We instantiate this view with Tail-AV, a short-probe signal for identifying vulnerable routes, and operationalize it in PASA-KV, which selects action-facing K/V targets before training a fresh task-shared attack. Experiments across multiple WAM systems and a physical robot validate readout-informed target selection, demonstrate strong closed-loop attacks, and reveal substantial system-level differences in resistance.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.39682

Heterogeneous Co-Evolution Learning for Tool-Efficient Search Agents with Zero Labels

Qin-Wen Luo, Sheng Ren, Xiang Chen, Rui Liu, Jun Fang, Naiqiang Tan, Jun Wang, Hua Chai 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Deep search agents extend language models by interleaving reasoning with external retrieval. However, effective search-agent training requires addressing two challenges beyond final-answer optimization. First, the capability frontier of agents is largely determined by training questions, whereas fixed or labeled task collections cannot adapt as agents improve. Second, outcome-only reinforcement learning treats all successful trajectories equally, even when some correct answers rely on redundant searches, creating an inherent tension between answer accuracy and tool efficiency. To address these issues, we introduce \textsc{ZEST-Search}, a zero-label and tool-efficient framework for search-agent training via heterogeneous co-evolution. Starting from unlabeled reference questions, \textsc{ZEST-Search} constructs validated search tasks online through an answer-first and evidence-path-guided generation process. A heterogeneous proposer adaptively constructs training tasks around the solver's evolving capability boundary, while the solver learns search-augmented reasoning through reinforcement learning. To jointly optimize task difficulty and search efficiency, \textsc{ZEST-Search} employs an intermediate-difficulty reward for the proposer and a task-local tool-aware reward for the solver, encouraging informative tasks and correct answers with fewer redundant searches. Experiments on seven general-domain and multi-hop question answering benchmarks demonstrate that \textsc{ZEST-Search} consistently improves search-agent performance while achieving higher tool efficiency without labeled search-training data or expert search trajectories. Further analyses show that heterogeneous generation, adaptive difficulty control, and tool-aware optimization enable more effective search-agent training.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.IR

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版本更新 · v3arXiv:2312.05562

Chain-of-Thought in Neural Code Generation: From and For Lightweight Language Models

Guang Yang, Yu Zhou, Xiang Chen, Xiangyu Zhang, Terry Yue Zhuo, Taolue Chen

原文摘要

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in code generation. The integration of Chain of Thought (CoT) reasoning can further boost their performance. However, current CoT methods often require manual writing or LLMs with over 100 billion parameters to generate, impeding their applicability in resource-constrained scenarios. In this study, we investigate lightweight Language Models (lLMs), which are defined to have fewer than 10 billion parameters. Empirically, we find that most lLMs cannot generate high-quality CoTs when prompted by the few-shot method, but can take advantage of high-quality CoTs generated elsewhere to improve their performance in code generation. Based on these findings, we design a novel approach COTTON which can leverage lLMs to automatically generate CoTs for code generation. We synthesize new datasets and conduct extensive experiments on various benchmarks. The results show that the CoTs generated by COTTON outperform the baselines in terms of automated and human evaluation metrics. In particular, the CoTs generated by COTTON boost various lLMs to achieve higher performance gains than those generated by LLMs such as ChatGLM (130B), and are competitive with those generated by gpt-3.5-turbo (175B). Our study also showcases the potential of lLMs in software engineering applications.

cs.SE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2505.11982

FedHQ: Hybrid Runtime Quantization for Federated Learning

Zihao Zheng, Ziyao Wang, Jiawei Yang, Hangyu Cao, Zhihao Mao, Maoliang Li, Jiayu Chen, Hailong Zou 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Federated Learning (FL) must balance training efficiency and model accuracy across heterogeneous clients. Post-training quantization (PTQ) avoids the extra computation of quantization-aware training (QAT), but can incur greater accuracy loss. We propose FedHQ, a hybrid quantization framework that assigns PTQ or QAT according to clients' hardware and data characteristics. Hardware-based speed estimates and local data-distribution indicators guide coarse-grained global initialization, followed by fine-grained training-based adjustment of selected client strategies. Experiments on three image-classification datasets show that FedHQ achieves up to 2.47x training speedup over FedAQT and up to 11.15 percentage points higher accuracy than FedFQ.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36729HF 社区推荐

Hy-Nomas: Towards Free-form Interactive World Generation

Qiaoling Chen, Jiaxiang Cheng, Xueqing Deng, Tiankai Hang, Ji Hou, Jiaqi Li, Yifan Liu, Tao Lu 等 38 位作者

原文摘要

Interactive world generation requires models to follow successive commands while preserving relevant history and action consequences. We present Hy-Nomas, a video world model with an 8B diffusion backbone that supports free-form text instructions and continuous camera control across multiple interaction turns. It generates variable-length segments conditioned on current inputs and cached history. Our central design aligns structured video captions with action-aware causal attention: descriptive context remains accessible across segments, while action instructions are restricted to their intended temporal windows. A vision-language Prompt Enhancer (PE) translates user requests and multimodal interaction histories into structured conditions for the next segment. A multi-stage curriculum progressively introduces causal generation, text interaction, camera control, and training on model-generated histories, followed by diffusion distillation. In human evaluation, Hy-Nomas shows superior performance over existing world models. We release model weights, code and benchmarks, together with a lightweight adaptation workflow, to support reproducible research on interactive world generation.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2602.18020

AWARE: Action-Entropy-Weighted and Attention-Guided Retrieval of Observation Evidence for Vision-Language-Action Models

Jiabing Yang, Yixiang Chen, Yuan Xu, Peiyan Li, Zichen Wen, Bowen Fang, Chenhang Cui, Tao Yu 等 16 位作者

原文摘要

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models combine multimodal perception with robotic control, demonstrating remarkable potential for generalizable manipulation. Yet, enhancing their execution typically relies on auxiliary sensory inputs (e.g., depth, 3D point clouds) or costly fine-tuning. Inspired by the insight that Feed-Forward Networks (FFNs) act as key-value memory, we propose Action-Entropy-Weighted and Attention-Guided Retrieval of Observation Evidence (AWARE), an effective, training-free, and plug-and-play module for VLAs. Specifically, AWARE tracks layer-wise uncertainty via an element-wise Action Entropy metric, and retrieves observation evidence into the element's FFN through associative memory lookup. Crucially, the retrieved features are weighted by instruction-guided cross-modal attention to isolate task-relevant observation cues, while injection strength is adaptively scaled by the element's entropy and relative network depth. This selectively channels observation evidence to high-entropy action dimensions and deep layers where grounding decays, while leaving converged representations intact. Across LIBERO, SIMPLER, CALVIN, and real-world robot manipulation, AWARE consistently improves diverse VLA architectures with minimal computational overhead, achieving the largest gains on long-horizon tasks without architectural changes or additional training. Project page: https://jiabingyang01.github.io/AWARE/.

cs.CV · cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2603.07949

ActECC: Action Chunk Temporal Harnessing for Edge-Cloud Collaborative VLA Inference System

Zihao Zheng, Zhihao Mao, Hui Huang, Sicheng Tian, Hangyu Cao, Ziyun Zhang, Chenyue Li, Jiayu Chen 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

VLA models have emerged as the mainstream for embodied intelligence, which decouples reasoning and execution via action chunks. To enable real-time deployment of VLA models, existing studies investigate edge-cloud collaborative inference, which pose two challenges to the action chunk mechanism. (1) Edge-cloud collaboration complicates system latency components, hindering the determination of valid ranges for action chunks. (2) Latency fluctuations in cross-edge update links under edge-cloud scenarios make it difficult to schedule replanning requests. To address these, we analyze the key factors affecting action chunk usable ranges and replanning request timing, revealing phase dependence and edge-cloud latency constraints. Based on these insights, we propose ActECC, which enables Action Chunk Temporal Harnessing through kinematics-guided usable range assessment and delay-aware replanning scheduling. Experiments show that ActECC reduces per-action latency by up to 27.4% and cloud calls by up to 45.1%, while lowering average execution error compared with existing edge-cloud collaborative.

cs.DC · cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34834

The Noise-Transmission Burden of Diffusion Network: Why Image Prediction Can Outperform Noise Prediction

Gyeonghun Kang, Pengxi Liu, Bingshuo Qian, Xiang Cheng

原文摘要

Clean-image prediction ($x$-prediction) and noise prediction yield equivalent population-optimal denoisers, yet can perform very differently in finite diffusion networks. For noisy input $Y_t$ with noise standard deviation $σ_t$, a noise predictor $f_{\varepsilon,t}$ induces the clean-image estimate $\widehat X_1=Y_t-σ_t f_{\varepsilon,t}(Y_t)$. This reveals a noise-transmission burden: the predictor must preserve information needed to cancel the input corruption. Under Gaussian corruption of $d$-dimensional data, a linear input bottleneck of rank $r<d$ imposes a denoising-error floor $σ_t^2(d-r)$ even with unrestricted downstream computation, while the corresponding optimal risk for image prediction remains bounded. EDM attenuates this bottleneck contribution at high noise; exact preconditioning cancels it at every noise level. Without an input bottleneck, assuming exact affine recovery of the noisy patch from the model representation, we characterize how the covariance spectrum of corrections beyond linear denoising determines the width required above the patch dimension. ImageNet experiments with JiT show that measured denoising losses reflect the predicted bottleneck floor and its attenuation or cancellation through preconditioning. Further widening yields larger relative denoising gains at low noise, where corrections beyond linear denoising spread across more directions, consistent with our spectral characterization of the required model width. Together, these results provide a denoising-based account of practical generation-quality gaps across prediction targets, preconditioning choices, and model widths.

stat.ML · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-industry.104ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

From Pixels to Policies: Reinforcing Spatial Reasoning in Language Models for Content-Aware Layout Design

Sha Li, Stefano Petrangeli, Yu Shen, Xiang Chen

原文摘要

We introduce LaySPA, a reinforcement learning framework that equips large language models (LLMs) with explicit and interpretable spatial reasoning for content-aware graphic layout design. LaySPA addresses two key challenges: LLMs’ limited spatial reasoning and the lack of transparency in design decision making. Instead of operating at the pixel level, we reformulate layout design as a policy learning problem over a structured textual spatial environment that explicitly encodes canvas geometry, element attributes, and inter-element relationships. LaySPA produces dual-level outputs comprising interpretable reasoning traces and structured layout specifications, enabling transparent and controllable design decision making. Layout design policy is optimized via a multi-objective spatial critique that decomposes layout quality into geometric validity, relational coherence, and aesthetic consistency, and is trained using relative group optimization to stabilize learning in open-ended design spaces. Experiments demonstrate that LaySPA improves structural validity and visual quality, outperforming larger proprietary LLMs and achieving performance comparable to specialized state-of-the-art layout generators while requiring fewer annotated samples.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 6: Industry Track) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1347ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Beyond Itinerary Planning—A Real-World Benchmark for Multi-Turn and Tool-Using Travel Tasks

Xiang Cheng Renmin University of China, Yulan Hu Alibaba Group, Xiangwen Zhang, Lu Xu, Lide Tan, Zheng Pan Alibaba Group, Xin Li Alibaba Group, Yong Liu Renmin University of China

原文摘要

Travel planning is a natural real-world task to test large language models’ (LLMs) planning and tool-use abilities. Although prior work has studied LLM performance on travel planning, existing settings still differ from real-world needs, mainly due to limited domain coverage, insufficient modeling of users’ implicit preferences in multi-turn conversations, and a lack of evaluation of agents’ capability boundaries. To mitigate these gaps, we propose \mbox{\textbf{TravelBench}}, a benchmark for \textit{truly real-world} travel planning. We collect user queries, user preferences, and tools from real scenarios, and construct three subtasks—\textit{Single-Turn}, \textit{Multi-Turn}, and \textit{Unsolvable}—to evaluate agents’ three core capabilities in real settings: (1) solving problems independently, (2) interacting with users to elicit implicit preferences, and (3) recognizing the capability boundaries. To enable stable tool invocation and reproducible evaluation, we cache real tool-call results and build a sandbox environment which integrates ten travel-related tools, enabling agents to combine these tools to solve most practical travel planning problems. We evaluate multiple LLMs on TravelBench and find that even advanced models exhibit imbalanced performance across different capabilities. Our further systematic verification demonstrates the stability of the proposed benchmark. TravelBench provides a practical and reproducible benchmark to advance research on LLM agents for real-world travel planning.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.146ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Optimizing Length Compression in Large Reasoning Models

Zhengxiang Cheng, Dongping Chen, Mingyang Fu, Tianyi Zhou

原文摘要

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable success, yet they often suffer from producing unnecessary and verbose reasoning chains. We identify a core aspect of this issue as ”invalid thinking”— models tend to repeatedly double-check their work after having derived the correct answer. To address this specific inefficiency, we move beyond the general principles of Efficacy and Efficiency to propose two new, fine-grained principles: Brevity, which advocates for eliminating redundancy, and Sufficiency, which ensures critical reasoning steps are preserved. Guided by these principles, we introduce LC-R1, a post-training method based on Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). LC-R1 employs a novel combination of a Length Reward for overall conciseness and a Compress Reward that is specifically designed to remove the invalid portion of the thinking process. Extensive experiments on multiple reasoning benchmarks demonstrate that LC-R1 achieves a significant reduction in sequence length (5̃0%) with only a marginal (2̃%) drop in accuracy, achieving a favorable trade-off point on the Pareto frontier that prioritizes high compression. Our analysis further validates the robustness of LC-R1 and provides valuable insights for developing more powerful yet computationally efficient LRMs.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.163ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

A Comprehensive Survey of Process Reward Models: Data Generation, Model Construction, and Usage

Congmin Zheng, Jiachen Zhu, Zhuoying Ou, Yuxiang Chen, Kangning Zhang, Rong Shan Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zeyu Zheng Carnegie Mellon University, Mengyue Yang University of Bristol 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced reasoning ability, yet conventional alignment remains dominated by outcome reward models (ORMs) that judge only final answers. Process Reward Models(PRMs) address this gap by evaluating and guiding reasoning at the step or trajectory level. This survey provides a systematic overview of PRMs through the full loop: how to generate process data, build PRMs, and use PRMs for test-time scaling and reinforcement learning. We summarize applications across math, code, text, multimodal reasoning, robotics, and agents, and review emerging benchmarks. Our goal is to clarify design spaces, reveal open challenges, and guide future research toward fine-grained, robust reasoning alignment.

cs.CL · cs.CV

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表