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新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.37140

Rethinking Positional Encoding and Interaction Granularity for CTR Prediction

Xinxun Zhang, Yuxiang Wang, Xiaokai Zhou, Jiayue Li, Yi Li, Yue Liu, Jun Zhang, Xiaoling Zhou 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction relies on historical behaviors and contextual features to estimate clicks on a target item. Existing Transformer-based CTR models often adopt index-based or temporal positional encodings and token-level causal interaction. However, we observe that most existing positional encodings do not outperform NoPE, while relaxing causal constraints within target-relative temporal groups also yields gains. These observations motivate a fundamental question: what positional encoding and interaction granularity does CTR prediction actually require? To address this question, we propose \textbf{TRIP}, which combines target-aware rank--time positional encoding with temporal-group interaction modeling. Specifically, Factorized Rank Encoding represents each behavior's ordinal position within the historical sequence through a low-rank factorization, while Target-Relative Time Encoding characterizes its temporal distance to the target on a coarse-to-fine scale. This joint design grounds each behavior's positional representation in its sequence context and temporal relation to the current target. Furthermore, Temporal Group-Causal Interaction enriches intra-group representations through bidirectional interaction and masked reconstruction while preserving inter-group causal order. Finally, behavior representations are condensed into compact group summaries for efficient group-level modeling in subsequent layers. Experiments on four public benchmarks show that TRIP improves AUC by up to 4.45\% relative to the strongest baseline.

cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.37728

Beyond Similarity Search: Knowledge Graph Metadata Enrichment for Enterprise Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Fakabbir Amin

原文摘要

A key challenge of RAG systems is retrieving information from enterprise documents created by multiple teams over time, where it is not possible to enrich the information using the latest information and metadata available outside the scope of organizational documentation responsibility. We investigated whether using a knowledge graph to store metadata and frequently changing information would improve upon knowledge retrieval over similarity search over embeddings. To perform the experiment, we created a snapshot of the SEC EDGAR dataset for a quarter, comprising 167,050 filings from 10,511 companies and 508,714 embedded chunks of risk-factor text. To simulate the enrichment, we created a knowledge graph of 430,257 nodes and 561,144 edges carrying an accession number on every edge. To evaluate the gain obtained via a graph-based design, we evaluated three architectures: text-to-SQL over typed columns, dense-vector RAG with HNSW cosine search, and a two-stage GraphRAG design. All architectures share the same model and temperature to allow comparison. Results are scored programmatically by an LLM as judge over 20 questions divided across four categories, each question asked three times. GraphRAG solved 16 of 20 questions on all three attempts, compared to 10 for text-to-SQL and 3 for vector RAG. GraphRAG lost on structured aggregation queries. Vector RAG lost the single-document category it was expected to win, passing 3 of 15 where GraphRAG passed 15 of 15, because company attribution is not recoverable from cosine similarity at this scale. All six confident falsehoods in the benchmark were text-to-SQL conflating distinct people who share a surname, the failure that resolving identity to an identifier before reading any text prevents structurally; GraphRAG made none. We claim no advantage beyond this corpus, this model and this question set.

cs.IR · cs.AI · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.37080

Tessera: Structure-Completed Evidence Units for Web Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Peichun Hua, He Sun, Zirui Zhuang, Qi Qi, Yiming Qiu, Shinan Liu, Yunming Xiao

原文摘要

Web retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) splits a page into fixed-size text chunks or, in recent visual pipelines, screenshot tiles, and the retrieved item serves at once as the unit of indexing, ranking, and reading. We trace answer evidence from source HTML to reader input over the full English Wikipedia and find that this coupling loses evidence in text and screenshot pipelines alike: evidence present in the source page often fails to reach the reader intact, particularly structured content such as tables and infoboxes, which chunking separates from the headers and context that give it meaning. Stronger extraction, context expansion, and larger reader budgets leave the loss in place. We present Tessera, a training-free evidence delivery layer that decouples what a pipeline retrieves from what its reader reads. Given the pages behind any ranked list, Tessera rebuilds their HTML into fine-grained evidence units, each completed with its page title, section path, and table headers, selects the units relevant to the query, and packs them into the reader context at an unchanged token budget. The index, the retriever, and the reader stay as they are, so Tessera applies to text, screenshot, and agentic pipelines. Across three question answering benchmarks, Tessera improves answer accuracy by 5 to 6 points on text and screenshot pipelines, consistently across readers, retrievers, and reader budgets, and outperforms strong HTML-aware and structure-aware RAG baselines under matched budgets. The gains carry over to multi-step agentic search. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/sarendis56/Tessera.

cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.37005

Compote: Collapse-Resistant Multiple Hypothesis Learning For Sequential Recommendation

Louis Castres Saint Martin, Clement Calauzenes, Alain Rakotomamonjy, Patrick Gallinari

原文摘要

Next-item prediction is inherently ambiguous: a single interaction history often admits multiple plausible continuations across distinct catalogue regions. Standard sequential recommenders compress these alternatives into a single prediction, conflating user intents. We introduce COllapse-resistant Multiple hyPOThesis lEarning (COMPOTE), a multi-hypothesis transformer trained with an annealed objective that transitions from uniform supervision to a winner-takes-all assignment. This mechanism forces hypotheses to specialize into distinct catalogue regions, while inference relies on an efficient, normalizer-free max-similarity rule. Theoretically, we show that in the population case, the optimal solutions partition the conditional next-item distribution according to a max-entropy quantization principle, while pooled scores preserve the Bayes-optimal ranking. We also prove a generalization bound scaling logarithmically with the number of hypotheses. Across three Amazon Reviews 2023 benchmarks, COMPOTE outperforms strong ID-based, generative, and multi-interest baselines using item IDs alone. Matched-capacity ablations confirm that performance gains stem directly from the annealed objective, preventing the head collapse observed in conventional multi-head architectures, rather than added capacity, ensembling, or routing.

cs.LG · cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36973

KL-MOPD: Discrepancy-Aware Multi-Objective On-Policy Distillation for Generative Recommendation

Weiqin Yang, Yandong Wang, Yuan Gao, Hao Deng, Jinxin Hu, Jing Cao, Jiawei Chen

原文摘要

Coordinating multiple recommendation objectives (e.g., click and conversion) is critical for real-world generative recommendation (GR). However, since a positive item in GR can be retrieved only when its tokens are successively selected at every decoding step, traditional item-wise methods lack fine-grained token-wise supervision to guide intermediate steps. Motivated by its success in foundation models, we consider introducing multi-objective on-policy distillation (MOPD) into GR to distill two single-objective teachers into a student at each token. Yet, we find that in vanilla MOPD, (i) teachers exhibit unequal distillation difficulty at each token (i.e., token-level imbalance), and (ii) the harder-to-distill teacher varies across tokens (i.e., cross-token inconsistency), leaving each objective poorly learned at certain steps and hindering positive item retrieval for both objectives, leading to suboptimal performance. To address this challenge, we propose KL-MOPD (KL-Weighted Multi-Objective On-Policy Distillation), a simple yet effective distillation method that allocates token-wise teacher weights proportional to the initial student-teacher token-wise KL divergences, thereby strengthening supervision for the harder-to-distill teacher at every decoding step. Despite its simplicity, we theoretically prove that KL-MOPD strictly outperforms vanilla MOPD in the additive joint recommendation objective under mild conditions. Moreover, KL-MOPD is plug-and-play and computationally efficient, requiring only a one-time pre-training weight calibration with negligible training overhead. Extensive experiments on three public benchmarks, a billion-scale industrial dataset, and online A/B tests on our e-commerce advertising platform demonstrate that KL-MOPD significantly improves both individual and joint recommendation performance. The anonymous code is provided for peer review.

cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36958

PailitaoMMSearch2.0 Technical Report: Scaling Generative Retrieval to Unified End-to-End Multimodal Search

Xiaohan Ye, Zihan Gong, Jingqian Zhao, Lianyu Du, Yunmeng Shu, Xu Chen, Zesheng Zhou, Renchun You 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

Generative retrieval models have been increasingly adopted in search and recommendation systems. However, industrial generative retrieval models are commonly specialized to a fixed online scenario: they learn from scenario-specific interactions, support a narrow set of query forms and retrieval objectives. We study how to remove these couplings and build a unified end-to-end multimodal search system for open-ended image--text queries, heterogeneous shopping intents, and online scenarios with different resource constraints. We present \textbf{PailitaoMMSearch}, which directly generates product Semantic IDs from a raw query image and free-form instruction and scales along three dimensions. \textbf{Data scaling} uses a reusable toolset that can be composed into intent- and lifecycle-specific workflows for cold-start synthesis, quality control, real-traffic refinement, and continuous data production. \textbf{Intent scaling} progressively equips one model with e-commerce product knowledge, multiple retrieval relations, and adjustable reasoning budgets through continual pre-training (CPT), mixed-budget supervised fine-tuning (SFT), and unified reinforcement learning (RL). The RL stage combines intent-balanced optimization and Sample--Beam rollouts aligned with multi-candidate serving. \textbf{Scenario scaling} exposes quality--cost operating points across model capacity and reasoning budget. The system is deployed in multimodal search applications on Taobao Pailitao. A controlled online A/B test reports statistically significant improvements, including item page views $\textbf{+17.90\%}$, transactions $\textbf{+27.04\%}$, and gross merchandise value $\textbf{+8.94\%}$.

cs.IR · cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36954

When Diffusion Recommenders Stop Sampling: Preserving Generative Diversity

Louis Castres Saint Martin, Alain Rakotomamonjy, Patrick Gallinari

原文摘要

A user history can admit multiple plausible next interactions, yet conventional sequential recommenders produce a single deterministic ranking. While diffusion models offer a natural way to sample alternative continuations, we show that existing target-item diffusion recommenders often suffer from severe sampling collapse, producing nearly identical outputs across independent draws. We identify two ubiquitous design choices that promote this collapse: joint learning of the latent space and denoiser, and in-trajectory supervision via discrete losses. To address these failure modes, we introduce DARTS (Diverse and Accurate Recommendation Through Sampling), a three-stage latent diffusion framework that explicitly decouples representation learning, generative modeling, and discrete ranking by learning and freezing the latent space before diffusion training and postponing ranking supervision to the final decoding stage. We further characterize sampling diversity using complementary measures of variation before and after decoding, and use posterior-predictive aggregation to exploit this diversity at inference. Across three Amazon Reviews 2023 categories, DARTS preserves substantially greater sampling diversity while outperforming strong sequential, generative-retrieval, and diffusion baselines by 7-12% on standard ranking metrics. Aggregating multiple samples further improves ranking accuracy at a fixed slate size.

cs.IR

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2508.11158

Role-Augmented Intent-Driven Generative Search Engine Optimization

Xiaolu Chen, Jie Bao, Haojie Wu, Zhen Chen, Liwei Pan, Yong Liao

原文摘要

Generative search engines (GSEs), which combine large language models (LLMs) with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), are reshaping how users access Web information and making source visibility and influence in generated responses new optimization objectives. Existing generative search engine optimization (G-SEO) methods seek to improve content visibility, but many rely on direct access to target queries or GSE feedback elicited by those queries. However, Web content is typically optimized and published before future user queries are known, making G-SEO without access to target queries or their associated feedback an important yet underexplored problem. To address this, we propose RAID, a Role-Augmented Intent-Driven G-SEO method that operates without access to target queries or query-dependent GSE feedback. RAID infers a primary retrieval intent from source content, refines it through 4W multi-role deep reflection on prospective searchers' information needs, and uses both the primary and refined intents to jointly plan and rewrite source content. We further extend GEO-BENCH with diverse topic-related query variants, using both the original queries and their variants exclusively for evaluation to assess generalization to queries unseen during optimization. Across 100 samples and 500 evaluation queries, RAID achieves Relative Improvement Scores (RIS) of 3.00\% for Objective Overall and 1.32\% for Subjective Average, exceeding the best corresponding results among the nine predefined GEO rewriting strategies by 1.31 and 0.74 percentage points, respectively. With an optimization considered effective when $\mathrm{RIS}>0$, its effective optimization rates for Objective Overall and Subjective Average average 58.0\%, exceeding the highest corresponding average among the predefined strategies by 4.5 percentage points.

cs.IR · cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36915

Do We Need an LLM to Know Why Sources Conflict? Decision Models for Knowledge-Conflict Typing in RAG

Parv Khatri, Harshul Jain, Mehak Kapoor, Tanya Sah

原文摘要

When the sources retrieved for a query disagree, the right response depends on why they disagree: a question with several valid answers, a contested topic, stale information and a false source each call for different behaviour. Cattan et al. (2025) showed that telling a generator the conflict type improves its responses by about 24 points, but that predicting the type is hard even for frontier LLMs. We study whether typed decision models, which return probabilities over fixed options in a single forward pass instead of generating text, can do this classification fast and cheaply. Using the CONFLICTS benchmark and the original paper's prompt verbatim, we evaluate all 11 decision models served by one commercial inference gateway, from 7 providers, against Gemini models on identical inputs. Asked directly, the decision models reach 50.0--67.0% accuracy; 10 of the 11 match or exceed Gemini 2.5 Flash, the paper's model (61.3%), at 4--39x lower billed cost (2 were free) and 2.6--6.0x lower latency. The current Gemini 3.8 Flash (70.0%) is significantly more accurate than 8 of them, but sending each decision model's least confident quarter of queries to it gives a cascade statistically tied with it for 8 of the 11, at 25--37% of its cost. End to end, answers generated with the types of 10 of the 11 follow the expected behaviour as often as with the LLM's types. Decomposing the taxonomy into yes/no questions lowers accuracy for every model, and a repair fitted on one model does not transfer. Pre-specified diagnostics show that dates play no measurable role and that sensitivity to source order varies widely between models. Decision models detect a planted false source less reliably than the LLM as hard labels, but their probabilities still separate planted from clean sources. We release code, prompts and all model outputs at https://github.com/Parv17k/decision-models-conflict-typing.

cs.CL · cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36890

Latent Residual Reasoning for Ranking in Generative Recommendation

Haihan Shi, Ruidong Han, Wenjie Wang, Shangyu Chen, Sunhao Dai, Yongqi Li, Yangyang Li, Fei Jiang 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Generative recommendation (GR) models for ranking typically adopt a fast-thinking direct prediction paradigm with strong practical efficiency. However, ranking requires fine-grained scoring across multiple candidate items, while existing GR models still mainly rely on one-shot prediction. This raises the question whether additional inference-time computation can further improve ranking quality. Recently, inspired by Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning in large language models (LLMs), some work has begun to introduce reasoning into recommendation systems. Some of these methods rely on LLM reasoning frameworks to perform explicit reasoning in textual space, but such designs are not suitable for more widely deployed non-textual recommendation models. A more relevant direction is to introduce latent reasoning into ID-based recommendation models. Although recent work has extended latent reasoning to industrial ranking, how successive reasoning steps should improve fine-grained candidate scores remains less explored. To address this problem, we propose Refiner, a latent residual reasoning framework with parameter-efficient fine-tuning for generative ranking. Our approach introduces three key components: (1) a residual reasoning mechanism that progressively refines ranking scores through cumulative additive corrections, (2) history queries that provide condensed user behavior representations to enhance candidate-specific reasoning, and (3) a parameter-efficient fine-tuning strategy that leverages LoRA modules to adapt pre-trained models for latent reasoning. Extensive experiments on two public benchmarks, an offline industrial dataset, and an online A/B test demonstrate that Refiner consistently improves over direct prediction, validating its effectiveness and practical utility.

cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36836

DuTri: Dual-Branch Modeling with Triadic Factorization for Multimodal Multi-Scenario Recommendation

Jintao Huang, Chaohua Yang, Kailiang Hao, Dugang Liu, Xing Tang, Zhong Ming

原文摘要

As recommendation scenarios become increasingly diverse and multimodal information grows more prevalent, effectively modeling cross-scenario user preferences and multimodal semantics has become a critical challenge in recommender systems. When incorporating multimodal information, existing multi-scenario recommendation (MSR) methods typically treat textual and visual representations as generic input features and directly feed them into their original parameter-sharing architectures. However, this extension may not fully accommodate the different modeling requirements of collaborative and multimodal information and may not be the best modeling paradigm. Our controlled experiments show that directly adopting these architectures is not the optimal modeling approach. To this end, we propose Dual-Branch Modeling with Triadic Factorization (DuTri), a framework for multimodal multi-scenario recommendation comprising a collaborative branch and a multimodal branch. Specifically, the collaborative branch learns structured collaborative preference representations through CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposition of user-scenario-item interactions and residual quantization, thereby capturing cross-scenario commonalities and scenario-specific differences. The multimodal branch leverages the learned user and scenario preferences to guide adaptive modality fusion; additionally, item-level contrastive learning aligns collaborative item preference representations with multimodal representations to facilitate effective collaboration between the two branches. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets, AntM$^2$C and Amazon, demonstrate that DuTri outperforms existing multimodal and multi-scenario recommendation baselines in overall recommendation performance, validating the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36763

The Vocabulary Is Already Here: Adapting Pretrained Interpretable Features for Generative Recommendation

Ziluowen Luo, Ruochen Liu, Jun Yin, Hao Yan, Zhengxuan Hu, Xinze Shi, Chaozhuo Li, Chengqi Zhang 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Generative recommendation (GR) predicts the next item through its semantic ID (SID). Existing methods commonly fit SID vocabularies to pretrained language model (PLM) representations of item descriptions, incurring additional training costs and making vocabulary coverage dependent on the fitting domains. We observe that pretrained sparse autoencoders expose PLM features with human-interpretable semantic annotations, allowing feature indices to serve as a reusable SID vocabulary. However, reusing this vocabulary requires preserving item distinctions under compact token budgets and learning to favor target items over candidates with shared dominant features. It also requires extending feature interpretability from item content to retrieval decisions. To address these challenges, we propose API, a framework that Adapts the Pretrained Interpretable vocabulary for effective and explainable GR without additional vocabulary learning. Within API, Pretrained Interpretable IDs (PIDs) retain selected feature indices and relative activation strengths for item discrimination. With PIDs as supervision, the Semantic Prediction Adapter (SPA) learns user preferences from interaction histories through joint feature-index and strength prediction. SPA combines both predictions to score candidate items, with item-level supervision encouraging the observed next item to outrank its alternatives. API further explains candidate score differences through feature contributions paired with their pretrained semantic annotations. Extensive experiments show that API achieves competitive performance across backbones and decoding schemes, while preserving item distinctions under compact token budgets and enabling explainable retrieval.

cs.IR · cs.AI

版本更新 · v4arXiv:2609.11115

Benchmark Radar: A Living Database and Search Engine for AI Benchmarks and Evaluation

Koutian Wu, Wenjun Zhang, Junjie Zhou, Pengqian Han, Qiming Bao, Ergan Shang, Jiayu Wang, Junkai Wang 等 16 位作者

原文摘要

Benchmark researchers and developers of large language models (LLMs) and other AI systems need to find relevant evaluations, locate their benchmark datasets and code, and understand the settings behind reported scores. We present Benchmark Radar, a living database and search engine for retrieval and discovery of AI benchmarks, covering LLM evaluation, agentic and tool-use benchmarks, coding, reasoning, safety, and domain-specific evaluations. The system combines daily discovery of benchmark papers, repositories, datasets, and releases with a searchable benchmark catalog, mentions in model cards and technical reports, and score histories. It retains source identities and citations so readers can inspect candidate benchmarks and their evaluation evidence. Daily discovery draws on 37 sources: 13 direct connectors and 24 first-party research and engineering feeds. The catalog contains 1,283 source records drawn from 4 benchmark catalogs and 12,916 numeric observations on 790 records. We describe collection and retrieval, audit the full catalog, and examine benchmark saturation, adoption trends, and the limits of score comparisons. A worked example walks through a complete prior-art search, showing how to query the catalog and inspect benchmark evidence when designing a new evaluation. We release the web dashboard with a benchmark leaderboard, a Pareto frontier view of score against measured use, saturation and trend views, daily feeds, downloadable evidence, a command-line interface (CLI) for offline queries, and reproducible analysis.

cs.AI · cs.IR

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2608.29249

Validating FKG.in: Soundness Assessment in LLM-Augmented Indian Food Knowledge

Saransh Kumar Gupta, Armaan Shah, Lipika Dey, Partha Pratim Das, Ramesh Jain

原文摘要

The online culinary ecosystem is increasingly populated by recipe content generated, modified, or summarized by LLMs. Although often convincing, such outputs may contain hallucinated ingredients, misrepresented quantities, or culturally implausible combinations, limiting their suitability for downstream applications and knowledge graph construction. In this paper, we present a semi-automated soundness assessment workflow for validating structured recipe data extracted from informal culinary sources and augmented by LLMs. Developed as part of FKG(.in), a knowledge graph of Indian food, the pipeline identifies and addresses common failure modes, including structural inconsistencies, semantic and logical incoherence, and deviations from the source text, through a multi-stage process combining formal grammars, vocabulary-based checks, statistical heuristics, Set Transformer-based coherence modeling, and retrieval-based verification. Although evaluated on Indian recipes, the proposed methods are applicable to broader multilingual and multicultural culinary domains. We provide a practical, auditable, and application-agnostic approach to improving the reliability of machine-readable food knowledge infrastructures in the era of LLM-generated content.

cs.AI · cs.CL · cs.IR · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36585

Recall or Relearn? A Mixture of In-Context Experts for Recurring Concept Drift

Zhangkai Wu, Xu Zhang, Zhihong Cui, Yiqi Wang, Yi Zhang

原文摘要

Tabular foundation models (TFMs) are being applied to Web data streams such as network intrusion detection, where they adapt by updating the labelled rows of their context without retraining. When a past concept returns after leaving the context, a TFM faces a recall-or-relearn decision between restoring stored rows of the concept and relearning it from new labels. We propose MICE (Mixture of In-Context Experts), a training-free learner that cuts the stream into segments at detected changes. It merges a closed segment into a stored context when the TFM's estimated additional error on the segment is within a tolerance, under a capacity limit on stored contexts. A fast level weights the stored contexts and first-in-first-out (FIFO) windows by the log-loss of their predictions on the last labelled batch. We show that, with pure stored contexts and a margin condition, this fast level gains over relearning, in expected accuracy, the normalised positive area between the stored context's accuracy and the TFM's learning curve, up to a first-batch term. A slow level mixes the fast level's prediction with that of the FIFO window of the last labelled rows and bounds the discounted half-Brier regret of MICE against this window at every time. Learning curves measured beforehand predict the ordering of the observed recall gains. MICE outperforms reset, which empties the context at detected drifts, on grid streams with random boundary phases. Merging keeps fewer experts than pools that store every segment, and with fixed segmentation a time-matched snapshot pool matches MICE on the shifted grid. On real streams, MICE has the highest mean accuracy of all policies we compare.

cs.LG · cs.IR

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.35318

Unified Heterogeneous Feature Interaction via Effective-Rank Scaling for Recommender Systems

Ao Zhang, Haochuan Li, Boya Du, Jian Yang, Qihang Fang, Yulin Xu

原文摘要

Large-scale industrial ranking models must jointly capture heterogeneous feature interactions, long-term user behaviors, and multi-scenario dependencies under stringent online serving constraints. Existing architectures typically process sequential and non-sequential features with separate modules, limiting bidirectional information exchange. Directly applying homogeneous self-attention to all semantic tokens can also be inefficient when sequential and non-sequential signals exhibit different effective-ranks (eRanks). Meanwhile, shared representations can overlook scenario-specific patterns and induce negative transfer between scenarios. In this paper, we propose HiRank, a unified framework for multi-scenario recommendation that jointly models Heterogeneous feature Interactions via effective-Rank scaling. HiRank integrates gated sequential attention with heterogeneous feature interaction within a unified backbone, enabling bidirectional fusion between sequential and non-sequential representations. HiRank further uses scenario-aware aggregation to compress heterogeneous low-order tokens into a compact representation. Distinct learned projections transform the full compact representation into scenario-aware composite tokens with complementary global feature views and more uniform information density, enabling more effective high-order self-attention. Extensive experiments on industrial-scale datasets demonstrate favorable performance scaling with parameter count and consistent improvements over competitive baselines. Online A/B tests further show a 2.27% increase in orders per user.

cs.IR

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.23111

Inherit4Rec: Parameter Inheritance for Efficient Scaling of Recommendation Models

Ruihao Zhang, Bo Chen, Xiao Wang, Jinlong Jiao, Tijian Hu, Qinglin Jia, Xiuqiang He, Xiangyu Zhao 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Scaling model capacity has emerged as an effective approach to overcoming performance bottlenecks in industrial recommender systems. However, repeatedly training new models from scratch requires large amounts of data and substantial training resources. Parameter inheritance provides a promising route for both dense model growth and sparse conversion, yet existing methods for LLMs are primarily designed for static corpora and can suffer sharp performance drops under dynamically evolving recommendation data. To address these challenges, we propose Inherit4Rec, a parameter-inheritance framework that supports both Dense-to-Dense (D2D) growth and Dense-to-Sparse (D2S) conversion. Inherit4Rec-D2D combines hybrid growth with asymmetric training to preserve the forward function at expansion and maintain update continuity. Inherit4Rec-D2S constructs SMoE networks through co-activation-aware partitioning with a load-balancing loss, preserving dense-model capabilities while promoting balanced expert activation. Experiments on KuaiRand-1K and an industrial short-video recommendation dataset show that both transformations consistently outperform the SOTA inheritance baselines across all prediction objectives. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of Inherit4Rec for continual capacity expansion and computation-efficient sparse conversion in industrial recommender systems.

cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36561

Governed Sovereign RAG for Public Administration: Tripartite Epistemic Routing, Facet-Guided Clarification, and Deterministic Numeric Verification in Citizen Services

Andres Cruz Degante

原文摘要

Deploying conversational assistants at government service desks faces a tension between regulatory certainty (zero tolerance for invented fees), data sovereignty prohibiting commercial clouds, and high rates of underspecified or out-of-jurisdiction citizen queries. We present and evaluate a governed, sovereign Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture deployed on the official portal of the State of Tlaxcala, Mexico (tlaxcaladigital.gob.mx), covering 1,143 procedures and a decoupled directory of 924 offices. The system governs interactions via three pillars: (1) a two-stage tripartite epistemic gate (clarify_policy and a Boltzmann distribution over AnyJev) arbitrating among answering (SPECIFIC), facet-guided clarification (CLARIFY), and abstaining (ABSTAIN); (2) a post-generation deterministic numeric verifier (verify_numeric_guardrail) with SHA-256 cache invalidation ensuring every generated fee or validity figure belongs to the retrieved official record; and (3) an empirical evaluation across 380 organic production traces (8 weeks) and a 200-query stratified benchmark (5-fold CV: 86.41% +/- 7.50%). In production, 89.47% of traffic is resolved at Level 0 via deterministic templates without free generation (global p50 = 0.665 s; direct L0 p50 = 0.445 s; slow-tail p95 = 30.412 s under CPU queuing), with 0/40 fiscal amount hallucinations observed in Level 1 (95% bound <= 8.81%). On the benchmark, the system achieves 86.50% strict Top-1 accuracy (+10.00 pp over a binary neural gate, p = 0.00453, p_Holm = 0.01172), pairing a 93.00% conditional safe upper bound with a 70.87% dropout-adjusted effective resolution after accounting for 53.33% citizen drop-off in clarification menus.

cs.CY · cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36559

CCP-DP: Cross-cluster context-guided phase dynamic programming for DNA storage sequence reconstruction

Zixin Zhang, Guanjin Qu, Huaming Wu

原文摘要

Motivation: DNA data storage offers high information density and long-term stability, but accurate sequence reconstruction remains challenging under limited sequencing coverage and strong insertion, deletion, and substitution (IDS) noise. Existing reconstruction methods mainly rely on local evidence within individual read clusters. When sequencing coverage is low or indel-induced phase shifts become pronounced, such local evidence may be insufficient to distinguish closely competing candidate sequences. Results: We present Cross-Cluster Context-Guided Phase Dynamic Programming (CCP-DP), which uses dataset-level cross-cluster information to complement cluster-local evidence and selectively refines ambiguous provisional consensuses. Under the main benchmark settings, CCP-DP achieved exact reconstruction rates of 95.36%-99.98% and outperformed existing methods on multiple datasets. At $5\times$ coverage, CCP-DP improved exact reconstruction by 6.2-17.5 percentage points over the stronger of BBS and CPL across the tested IDS conditions, while maintaining low reconstruction error and computational overhead. Overall, CCP-DP introduces cross-cluster shared information as a complementary source of evidence for DNA sequence reconstruction under challenging conditions. Availability: Source code is available at https://github.com/ZixinZ3899/CCP-DP.

cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36557

QESChunker: A Single Objective Unifies Overlapping and Non-Overlapping Chunking for RAG

Yifan Zhao, Qianyang Zhao, Xinyu Guan, kai wei, Yuming Deng

原文摘要

Chunking is a fundamental preprocessing step in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), yet most existing chunkers rely primarily on heuristics. We introduce the Question--Evidence-Supervised Chunker (QESChunker), to our knowledge the first method for constructing static chunk indices from question--evidence supervision. QESChunker constructs document-specific chunk indices by optimizing over human-annotated or LLM-generated question--evidence pairs, without access to held-out test queries. We formulate non-overlapping and overlapping index construction through a unified question--evidence utility-maximization objective, turning chunking into a supervised combinatorial optimization problem. Under the non-overlap constraint, the objective decomposes over chunks and can be optimized exactly in polynomial time by dynamic programming. When overlap is allowed, the objective becomes monotone submodular; exact optimization is NP-hard, but our greedy achieves a $(1-1/\sqrt{e})$-approximation. Across two self-constructed and three public datasets, both variants outperform existing chunking methods in complete-evidence recall in nearly all evaluated settings, under the same overlap regime and a fixed hybrid retriever. These results recast chunking as supervised, budget-aware index construction for evidence retrieval.

cs.IR · cs.CL · math.OC

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36544

Monitor Accuracy Isn't the Answer: A Decision-Value Framework for Evaluating AI Agent Restart Monitors

Siddharth Jain, Venkat N. Vedam

原文摘要

Classification accuracy and true-positive and false-positive rates alone do not determine whether restarting an AI agent improves success. Using an exact alarm-to-action identity for an independent clean restart with zero monitoring overhead, we show analytically that a monitor with fixed 90% accuracy can swing from a five-percentage-point loss to a 35-point gain in success rate, depending solely on the replacement attempt's residual-budget success probability. We introduce two techniques for evaluating monitors and progress signals in decision terms. First, a decision-sufficiency criterion, a binary-action specialization of Blackwell's comparison of experiments, identifies which progress representations or context compressions preserve the information needed to choose optimally between the specified actions, independent of trace reconstruction fidelity. Second, a finite-sample, model-free decision audit uses simultaneous binomial intervals over existing agent traces, without additional model calls, to certify a preference for "restart" or "continue" under stated sampling assumptions, or return "abstain" when evidence is insufficient. In a study of 194 externally evaluated model executions on 19 selected SymPy issues from SWE-bench Verified, with a retrospective audit of 130 of these traces, we find a 2.29-point apparent restart gain traced to a single surviving failed attempt, a 42.29-point loss on a second model, no positive replication of the initial gain on prospective task cohorts, and zero of 103 live comparisons meeting the specified certification bar. These results motivate evaluating agent monitors through recovery opportunity, decision value, and statistical support, rather than classification performance alone.

cs.AI · cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36500

ACOR: incremental evidence accumulation towards real-time DNA storage reconstruction

Linxuan Han, Huaming Wu, Shi Jia, Guanjin Qu

原文摘要

DNA offers high-density, durable storage by encoding digital information into synthetic strands and retrieving it through sequencing. Sequence reconstruction combines noisy copies of each strand before downstream decoding. Conventional offline methods typically reconstruct completed read clusters, separating reconstruction from ongoing read collection. Streaming reconstruction offers a way to overlap evidence processing with sequencing and reduce the computation remaining before downstream decoding. We present ACOR, a streaming consensus reconstruction method that records $k$-mer transitions and boundary support in a persistent ledger, then decodes through length-constrained beam search and priority-based selection at cluster closure. Evaluation on real and simulated DNA-storage datasets showed competitive recovery. On our own short-read next-generation sequencing (NGS) wet-lab library, ACOR combined near-complete recovery with second-scale reconstruction of more than ten million reads. A smaller public benchmark was completed in a fraction of a second. Parallel ACOR achieved speedups of tens to over a thousand-fold relative to the tested serial baseline configurations. Sparse storage reduced high-context memory requirements, while parallel execution accelerated reconstruction computation. ACOR is designed for streaming readout pipelines that process assigned reads while sequencing continues.

cs.IR · q-bio.GN

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.27810

LRanker: Scaling LLM Ranking to Millions of Candidates with Test-Time Scaling

Tao Feng, Zijie Lei, Zhigang Hua, Yan Xie, Shuang Yang, Ge Liu, Jiaxuan You

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) offer strong semantic representations for ranking, but processing candidate texts within limited contexts and repeatedly invoking an LLM for candidate-level comparisons can be costly when candidate pools contain millions of items. We propose LRanker, a framework for scaling LLM ranking to millions of candidates with test-time scaling. The framework combines two complementary components. A candidate aggregation encoder summarizes offline candidate embeddings using K-means clustering and conditions the LLM on compact global candidate information; ranking then uses inner-product scores with cached candidate embeddings. A graph-based test-time scaling mechanism allocates additional inference computation to partition-conditioned query embeddings and ensembles their ranking scores. This separates the ability to score large candidate pools from the use of additional test-time computation to improve ranking quality. We evaluate LRanker on seven tasks across three scenarios in RBench, including a recommendation task with more than 6.8M candidates. Against the strongest baseline reported for each task, the relative MRR improvements in RBench-Large are 27.5%, 3.9%, 0.9%, and 8.9% on Rec-Movie, Rec-Toy, MS MARCO, and ESCI, respectively. On RBench-Small, the reported task scores improve by 26.7% on Rec-Music and 6.1% on Routing-Balance; on the 6.8M-candidate Rec-Clothing task, the improvement over Tiger is 27.0%. Ablations support the complementary contributions of candidate aggregation and test-time ensembling. These results demonstrate a practical approach to million-scale LLM ranking, with test-time computation providing an additional means of improving ranking effectiveness.

cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36408

Cross-Day Compatibility of Daily Item Embeddings: An Empirical Study of Alignment, Scale Management, and CTR Adaptation

Yicheng Wang

原文摘要

Daily item co-occurrence embeddings are paired with next-day behavior without future-behavior leakage. Multi-day click-through rate (CTR) training therefore mixes versions whose directions and norms may differ for the same item. We compare Word2Vec and an item-graph XSimGCL adaptation across initialization, inheritance, post-processing, training constraints, and downstream augmentation. The inventory contains 48 configurations, including 32 common-protocol CTR evaluations. Observed metrics are reported as relative percentage changes from the corresponding Word2Vec baseline (0%), with raw values and exact dataset sizes withheld. Three findings emerge. First, multiple upstream interventions improve compatibility and CTR. ID-init and orthogonal alignment increase cosine by 51.2% and 93.4%, and GAUC by 2.2% and 2.6%, relative to ordinary Word2Vec. Retrieval and geometry remain insufficient downstream surrogates. Second, warm starts perform strongly but accumulate scale. The day-matched norm increase over Word2Vec reaches 102.5% after eight days; daily global rescaling limits it to 8.2% and attains the highest observed GAUC increase, 4.0%. Third, CTR learning through a dimensionality-reducing encoder further adapts to residual drift. Against dimension-matched random-projection, SVD, and untrained-network controls, trained encoders attain the highest cross-day cosine for four of six upstream methods. The other two rank third and second in train-to-test cosine. These industrial results support complementary roles for upstream stabilization, inherited-scale management, and downstream task learning.

cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36389

MAREval: A Multi-Agent Framework for Evaluating Natural Language Recommendation Explanations

Reza Yousefi Maragheh, Jayesh Uddhav Kudase, Aysenur Inan, Ramin Giahi, Kai Zhao, Parth Parikh, Jianpeng Xu, Jason Cho 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Evaluating natural language explanations in recommender systems is essential for fostering user trust, transparency, and engagement. However, existing evaluation approaches like human evaluations, while accurate, are resource-intensive and impractical at the scale required by modern recommendation platforms. Also, automated methods using single-agent LLMs suffer from prompt sensitivity and inconsistent outputs. To address these challenges, we propose MAREval, a structured multi-agent framework for evaluating recommendation explanations using large language models. MAREval orchestrates (i) a planner agent that uses a novel Chain of Debate (CoD) prompting strategy to coordinate agent roles and enforce logically consistent evaluation plans; (ii) a moderator agent that regulates discussions by mitigating prompt drift; and (iii) an arbitrator agent that aggregates outputs from multiple evaluation rounds and (iv) a Monte Carlo sampling method, improving robustness and alignment with human judgment. We conduct comprehensive evaluations on both public (TopicalChat) and proprietary recommendation datasets, demonstrating that MAREval outperforms state-of-the-art baselines. Comprehensive experiments on a public benchmark and a proprietary e-commerce dataset show that MAREval improves alignment with human judgments over strong singleand multi-agent baselines. Stability analyses indicate substantially lower variability across repeated trials. In a large human-annotation gate, MAREval meets production quality thresholds where prior evaluators fall short, and online A/B testing demonstrates statistically significant improvements in engagement and revenue metrics. These results establish MAREval as a scalable and reliable solution for human-aligned evaluation of recommendation explanations in real-world systems

cs.AI · cs.IR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36383

From Generation to Scoring: Scaling LLM-Based Semantic Labeling at LinkedIn

Jian Sheng, Sriram Vasudevan, Sundara Raman Ramachandran, Yang Hu, Junyu Zhou, Xiaojing Ma, Haolan Qin, Tiffany Zhou 等 15 位作者

原文摘要

For efficiency, industrial large language model (LLM) labelers often pack many candidate labels into one prompt and generate a YES/NO answer for each, even when each decision depends only on the entity and one candidate. Generating these independent decisions as one answer list couples them, spends decoding on the list, and relies on the list being well-formed. In this paper, we present an end-to-end recipe that reformulates the labeler as semantic scoring, fine-tuning it on single-candidate prompts to return each decision as one answer-token score from a prefill-only pass. We also adapt Multiple-Item Scoring (MIS) to score hundreds of candidates in one sequence with attention masked between them. Deployed for profile qualification labeling at LinkedIn, semantic scoring changes at most 0.01% of decisions when candidates are reordered and matches the agreement with reference labels that packed generation reaches only with about 4.7x as many training pairs. The MIS-based stack raises throughput over the deployed stack by 1.24x offline and 1.9x in model serving under a one-second p99 latency target. For offline batch inference, we implement MIS-based scoring as a reusable, model-agnostic Ray Data API proposed for upstream adoption. Model serving uses MIS support contributed to SGLang.

cs.LG · cs.DC · cs.IR

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.25147

TokenMinds: Pretrained User Tokens and Embeddings for User Understanding in Large Recommender Systems

Qingyun Liu, Bo Yan, Yang Liu, Yuji Roh, Ekansh Sharma, Likang Yin, Emma Olowo, Yuxuan Li 等 19 位作者

原文摘要

User modeling in industrial recommender systems typically produces dense embeddings, which suffer from representational constraints due to fixed-dimensional vectors. As an emerging alternative for discrete user representation, LLM-generated natural-language user profiles often capture language semantics rather than sequential patterns in user behaviors. Meanwhile, Semantic ID (SID) is effective for item representation, yet existing discrete user representations remain largely confined to quantizing already-pooled user vectors, clustering historical watches, or predicting coarse topic clusters solely for candidate retrieval. We propose TokenMinds, an industrial system that extends the PLUM framework from SID-based item retrieval to generative sequential user modeling. Built on an encoder-decoder architecture adapted from pretrained LLMs, TokenMinds introduces a dual-output design: the encoder outputs a dense user embedding capturing a holistic user state, while the decoder generates discrete SID-based user tokens representing multi-faceted future interests. Grounded in item semantics, these tokens preserve distinct interests that a single pooled vector would average away. Additionally, a shared SID vocabulary across long- and short-form videos unifies cross-scenario behaviors into a single model, cutting upstream training and serving compute by 50% and 31%. Furthermore, leveraging the text vocabulary inherited from the pretrained LLM, TokenMinds interleaves textual search queries directly with watch histories to capture explicit user intent. We validate TokenMinds through offline evaluations and live A/B experiments across YouTube's primary ranking surfaces, serving billions of users asynchronously: SID-based user tokens are effective on their own, yield additive gains alongside dense embeddings, and together outperform the previous-generation, non-LLM user model in production.

cs.IR · cs.AI · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36267

Preserving rare-item recall under a storage budget: quantization, distillation, and the limits of teacher fidelity

Han Chen, Yingrui Li

原文摘要

Under a fixed embedding-storage budget, recommenders can use a small full-precision model, a distilled student, or a higher-rank low-precision model. We asked which choice preserves rare-item recall and whether teacher fidelity reflects it in seven dataset-backbone cells: matrix factorization on Gowalla, Last.fm, Amazon Video Games, Steam, Goodbooks-10k and MovieLens-20M, and LightGCN on Amazon Video Games. Seven candidates fit in 168 bytes per user or item row: 40-dimensional Bayesian personalized ranking (BPR), two 40-dimensional unbiased knowledge distillation (UnKD) students, and factorizations of a 300-dimensional teacher's scores at ranks 40, 80, 155 and 300, stored in 32, 16, 8 and 4 bits. Each test set was evaluated once after fixing candidates and confirmatory analyses. The rank-300 4-bit factorization used 13% of teacher storage and retained 95-103% of its tail recall@20 and 93-97% of its NDCG@20 in every cell. The rank-40 factorization had the lowest tail recall in every cell; the 4-bit factorization had 1.2-12.7 times its tail recall and 0.99-1.46 times its NDCG. UnKD students retained 56-102% of teacher tail recall. In all ten prespecified comparisons across five prospective-expansion cells, the 4-bit factorization had higher tail recall, with simultaneous 95% intervals excluding zero. Teacher-hit retention, the share of the teacher's relevant tail hits also found by a model, ordered 23 of 147 candidate pairs differently from tail recall and identified the wrong tail-recall leader in 3 of 7 cells: models can find relevant tail items the teacher misses. In these cells, spending bytes on rank rather than precision preserved rare-item recall at 7.5 times the arithmetic per score. Compressed recommenders should be judged by total tail recall, not teacher fidelity alone.

cs.IR

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2604.19298

Scoring-Rule Sensitivity in LLM Evaluation: Evidence from Indian Financial Regulatory Text

Rajveer Singh Pall

原文摘要

A benchmark leaderboard reports one accuracy number, but that number is a joint product of a model and a scoring rule. We ask what changes when only the rule changes, and find that model ordering is highly sensitive to it. IndiaFinBench is a 406-item expert-annotated benchmark over SEBI and RBI regulatory text covering regulatory interpretation, numerical reasoning, contradiction detection, and temporal reasoning. We score twelve LLMs zero-shot under two primary regimes over the same predictions - strict four-stage string matching, and the verdicts of a cross-model judge sharing no model family with any evaluated system - plus one operational composite regime. The two primary regimes show no positive rank correspondence (Spearman rho = -0.273, p = 0.39, not significant), and no model holds its rank across all three regimes. Strict accuracy spans 75.12-89.66%; judge-only accuracy spans 87.19-94.83% with a different leader and trailer; the composite compresses the field to 94.1-98.0%, under which DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B ties for first despite ranking last under strict scoring, because the judge reclassifies 93.9% of its strict errors as correct. Output verbosity does not explain the reclassification once task and model composition are adjusted for, a negative result we report as such. Item-level analysis compounds the finding: 148 of 406 items (36.5%) are answered identically by all twelve models and separate no pair of systems, while a predefined higher-discrimination band captures 134 items. We also anchor the scale against one non-specialist evaluator, who scored 80.0% (48/60; 95% Wilson CI [68.2, 88.2]) on a 60-item medium/hard subset; paired bootstrap tests find no significant difference against any model after multiplicity correction. Data, harness, judge verdicts, predictions: https://github.com/Rajveer-code/IndiaFinBench

cs.CL · cs.AI · cs.IR

版本更新 · v5arXiv:2510.18239

LIME: Link-based User-item Interaction Modeling with Decoupled XOR Attention for Efficient Test Time Scaling

Yang Liu, Yunjiang Jiang, Ayush Agarwal, Yihan Wu, Haoran Liu, Bi Xue

原文摘要

Scaling large recommendation systems requires advancing three major frontiers: processing longer user histories, expanding candidate sets, and increasing model capacity. While promising, transformers' computational cost scales quadratically with the user sequence length and linearly with the number of candidates. This trade-off makes it prohibitively expensive to expand candidate sets or increase sequence length at inference, despite the significant performance improvements. We introduce \textbf{LIME}, a novel architecture that resolves this trade-off. Through two key innovations, LIME fundamentally reduces computational complexity. First, low-rank ``link embeddings" enable pre-computation of attention weights by decoupling user and candidate interactions, making the inference cost nearly independent of candidate set size. Second, a linear attention mechanism, \textbf{LIME-XOR}, reduces the complexity with respect to user sequence length from quadratic ($O(N^2)$) to linear ($O(N)$). Experiments on public and industrial datasets show LIME achieves near-parity with state-of-the-art transformers but with a 10$\times$ inference speedup on large candidate sets or long sequence lengths. When tested on a major recommendation platform, LIME improved user engagement while maintaining minimal inference costs with respect to candidate set size and user history length, establishing a new paradigm for efficient and expressive recommendation systems.

cs.IR · cs.LG