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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16630

When Chekhov's Gun Fires Anyway: Over-Realization in Text-to-Image Models

Jiahao Huang, Kon Woo Kim, Song-Duo Ma, Yuka Kitamura, Felix Wagner, Yunshan Huang, Sunisth Kumar, Xanh Ho 等 15 位作者

原文摘要

In text-to-image generation, a target that the prompt mentions often appears in the generated image in a way the prompt does not call for. We call this failure over-realization. Mental-spaces theory points to the situations where it can happen: under a negation, inside what a character believes or imagines, as the vehicle of a figurative comparison, or behind a viewpoint that hides the target. Prior work has studied only negation in depth, and the conventional alignment and preference metrics do not penalize the failure. We build OverReal to measure it: OverReal-Gen, 698 prompts covering the four situations, on which we measure each generator's over-realization rate; and OverReal-Det, 2,841 generated images human-labeled for whether and how the target is over-realized, on which we verify the automatic judge that produces this rate. Our evaluation of eight text-to-image systems reveals that all of them over-realize, and that conventional metrics such as CLIPScore reward the failure rather than penalize it. Prompt expansion only partly mitigates the failure. Inside the generator, the diffusion backbone attends to a mentioned target almost as much as to a requested one. The cue words that should hold the target back receive less attention than ordinary words.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16467

SS-HSDP: Efficient and Flexible Sharded Data Parallelism via Runtime-Update Decoupling

Chendong Xiang, Pengle Zhang, Jinliang Li, Zichen Liang, Jintao Zhang, Fan Bao, Jun Zhu, Jianfei Chen

原文摘要

Sharded data parallelism enables memory-efficient training of large models. While efficient training kernels favor packed, kernel-specific data layouts, optimizers may require variant data structures as optimization units. Existing sharded data-parallel frameworks couple these two choices, limiting runtime efficiency and optimization flexibility. To address this, we present \textbf{\our}, a training framework that separates runtime parameters from update parameters, allowing computation layouts and optimization units to be organized independently. Through shared data views and hierarchical sharding, \our supports this separation while avoiding redundant data movement. This design supports a broad range of optimizers, including matrix-based methods such as Muon, and performance optimizations such as fully zero-copy execution. Experiments on video and language model workloads with MXFP8 training show that \our achieves higher Model FLOPs Utilization (MFU) than FSDP2, veScale-FSDP, and Megatron-FSDP. At 128 GPUs, MFU improves by up to 21.7\% over the fastest evaluated baseline, with comparable or lower peak memory usage.

cs.DC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.15659

GraSLA: A Lightweight Spatial-Language-Action Model with Grasp Hypotheses as Geometric Priors

Jibao Yuan, Zixiang Zhao, Wensong Xu, Siqi Lu, Shaofei Chen

原文摘要

This paper focuses on improving the behavioral diversity and effectiveness of language-conditioned manipulation policies trained through imitation learning. Recently, continuous-action policies have become mainstream in robotic manipulation, but the lack of diverse demonstrations tends to restrict their behavioral diversity. For grasping, a fundamental subtask of manipulation, 6-DoF grasp detection provides diverse grasp hypotheses, but open-loop execution constrains responsiveness in dynamic environments. This motivates us to combine the diversity of grasp hypotheses with the adaptability of continuous-action policies. To this end, we propose GraSLA, a lightweight and effective spatial-language-action model with grasp hypotheses as geometric priors. In particular, we employ spatial and language foundation models to encode scene geometry and task semantics, and integrate them with grasp hypotheses through bidirectional cross-attention for continuous action prediction. On LIBERO, GraSLA achieves an average success rate of 99.30%.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.23966

自适应人工智能实现可泛化的胎儿脑生物测量

Generalizable fetal brain biometry via adaptive artificial intelligence

Yijin Li, Mingxuan Liu, Yi Liao, Le Chang, Hongjia Yang, Kasidit Anmahapong, Xiaotian Hu, Ziang Wang 等 27 位作者

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出解剖引导的测试时自适应框架 BioTTA，从三维胎儿脑 MRI 自动测量 11 项生物指标，并在多中心异质数据上提升测量精度与异常检测能力。

cs.CV

arXiv ↗PDF ↗
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Fetal brain biometry provides a quantitative basis for assessing prenatal growth and identifying congenital brain abnormalities. However, comprehensive assessment remains limited by labor-intensive manual measurements and automated models that lose accuracy across imaging sequences and institutions. We introduce BioTTA, an anatomically guided test-time adaptation framework that measures 11 fetal brain biometrics from reconstructed three-dimensional magnetic resonance images. BioTTA adapts pretrained models to individual unlabeled volumes using geometric consistency and atlas priors, without access to source images. In a retrospective study across five centers in China and Switzerland, BioTTA improved measurement accuracy across three out-of-distribution datasets and two network architectures. It reduced mean absolute measurement errors by 46-82% relative to the corresponding models without adaptation, achieving errors similar to those of supervised fine-tuning. Its measurements were mapped onto normative growth trajectories derived from expert annotations, enabling gestational-age-specific assessment through a web-based reporting platform. Across four disease cohorts, the platform achieved 82.1-95.0% accuracy in binary detection of ventriculomegaly or cerebellar abnormalities, with performance similar to that of a senior radiologist. BioTTA provides a practical foundation for standardized fetal brain biometry across heterogeneous imaging settings, supporting scalable prenatal growth assessment and quantitative evaluation of brain abnormalities.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.14033

Few-Step Streaming Video Generation via Condition Shifting

Deyuan Liu, Jungang Li, Kaiwen Zheng, Kai Jiang, Jintao Chen, Yaole Wang, Ming Lin, Tao Lin 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Few-step sampling reduces the cost of streaming video generation. Distribution Matching Distillation (DMD) supervises few-step generators with a separate fake-score network, which adds training memory and computation and must track the evolving generator. We extend APEX to streaming video by using condition shifting to estimate the velocity field of the generated distribution within the generator. The original text condition selects generation, while a shifted condition selects fake estimation using the same parameters. This removes the independent fake network while retaining S2-Avatar's frozen reference teacher, Self-Replay Forcing, and perceptual regularization. We evaluate APEX on 180-second videos using three backbone evaluations per block and a one-step spatial Refiner, with a 70-case human study and a 320-case StreamAV-Bench comparison. Compared with S2-Avatar, APEX achieves higher video instruction fulfillment on the Progressive track (3.856 versus 3.831) and higher visual aesthetics across both tracks (0.641898 versus 0.632606). Human raters favor APEX most strongly on instruction following, with +30.0% net preference, followed by consistency and video quality at +4.3% each. Motion quality favors S2-Avatar, audiovisual synchronization is predominantly tied, and usability is unchanged. Separate measurements under matched training settings show 4.4% lower peak allocated GPU memory per GPU and 9.2% shorter mean iteration time than DMD.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12605

Creative Intent as an Evolving Shared State: Supporting Cross-Stage Human-AI Video Co-Creation

Yuhang Jin, Mengfei Chen, Hanwei Zheng, Songruoyao Wu, Kejun Zhang

原文摘要

As generative AI becomes increasingly involved in video creation, creators face challenges in expanding, translating, and negotiating creative intent across stages. We therefore view creative intent as an evolving shared state throughout human-AI co-creation. A multi-stage design was employed: semi-structured interviews with 12 creators informed 3 design goals, followed by expert co-design and the development of VideoMaker. VideoMaker organizes creation into a six-stage workflow that progressively translates creative intent. At key stages, creators negotiate with AI through the Seed Panel, explicitly confirming, revising, and updating intent. A shared AI Agent, supported by the Multi-style Script Library and Cinematic Language Knowledge Base, enables differentiated expansion of initial intent and faithful translation. A within-subjects study with 30 participants showed that VideoMaker effectively supported the expansion and cross-stage translation of creative intent, with stronger intent preservation, while negotiated boundaries between creator-confirmed intent and AI initiative remained difficult to sustain.

cs.HC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2604.22904

Triple-Phase Sequential Fusion Network with Contrast Enhancement Kinetics for Hepatobiliary-Phase Liver MRI Synthesis

Qiuli Wang, Xinhuan Sun, Fengxi Chen, Yongxu Liu, Jie Cheng, Lin Chen, Jiafei Chen, Siwei Miao 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

Gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI is essential for the detection and characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, acquisition of the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) requires a prolonged post-contrast delay, which reduces workflow efficiency and increases the risk of motion artifacts. In this study, we propose a Triple-Phase Sequential Fusion Network (TriPF-Net) with contrast enhancement kinetics to synthesize HBP images by leveraging the sequential information from pre-HBP sequences: while T1-weighted imaging serves as the indispensable baseline, the model adaptively integrates arterial-phase (AP) and venous-phase (VP) features when available. By modeling the tissue-specific contrast uptake and excretion dynamics across these three phases, TriPF-Net ensures robust HBP synthesis even under the stochastic absence of one or both dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences. In addition, clinical variables, including age, sex, total bilirubin, and albumin, are incorporated to enhance physiological consistency. Compared with conventional methods, TriPF-Net achieved superior performance on datasets from two centers. On the first-center dataset, the model achieved an MAE of 10.65, a PSNR of 23.27, and an SSIM of 0.76. On the second-center dataset, the model was trained independently, and the corresponding values were 12.41, 23.11, and 0.78, respectively. Moreover, lesion-level evaluation showed that the synthesized images achieved contrast comparable to that of real HBP images, with no significant difference in CNR (P = 0.2699). Blinded evaluations confirmed synthesized images were visually comparable to real HBP, with TriPF-Net remaining robust to missing input phases. This flexible solution enhances clinical workflow and lesion depiction, and may also serve as an automated quality control reference to flag real HBP acquisitions that warrant closer inspection.

eess.IV · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.05516

Distributed Learning of $α$-Potential Functions in Strategic Multi-agent Systems

Yifei Chen, Chinmay Maheshwari

原文摘要

We study the problem of computing the tightest \(α\)-potential approximation of a general-sum game over continuous action spaces, within a prescribed class of potential functions and when each player has access only to its own utility function. The difficulty is twofold: the approximation error involves a worst-case search over an infinite set of unilateral deviations, and the required utility information is distributed across players. For a linear-in-parameters potential class, we use an exact finite-tuple reformulation that separates the problem into a global outer search over deviation tuples and distributed convex inner problems. We develop a primal--dual inner oracle tailored to this structure and establish a uniform one-sided accuracy guarantee. This oracle can be combined with global outer search to obtain an end-to-end guarantee on the outer optimization error. We also develop a projected zeroth-order outer method as a computationally lighter alternative for higher-dimensional problems. Numerical experiments illustrate the accuracy--computation tradeoff between the two outer-search methods and show that the proposed optimization framework can improve upon analytical \(α\)-potential constructions.

cs.MA · cs.GT · eess.SY · math.OC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.10510

ReSkill: Selective Self-Improvement for Robot Manipulation

Zheng Sun, Zhihao Li, Zhuo Li, Wenrui Liu, Xin Wang, Fei Chen

原文摘要

Self-improvement on compositional manipulation tasks requires deciding what to reuse, where to improve, and which changes to retain. We present ReSkill, a selective self-improvement framework that concentrates revision on capability gaps. A coding agent constructs an object-centric task graph from an instruction and a skill library, then uses node-level execution records to locate failures. At the task level, it revises stage organization, hand-off conditions, and recovery routes; at the skill level, it strengthens perception, motion, manipulation, and verification capabilities that repeatedly fail. Candidate revisions undergo full-task evaluation and paired comparisons before adoption, allowing local changes to accumulate into validated skills and an independently executable policy. The agent participates only during development; the deployed policy calls the retained skills without invoking the agent at run time. On the same development set, average success across ten RoboDojo tasks rises from 30.0% for the initial versions to 86.2% for the final adopted programs; retained programs achieve 83.6% in recorded robustness and model-selection evaluations. Across eight real-world tasks, ReSkill succeeds in 72 of 80 rebuilt-simulation trials and 62 of 80 real-robot trials (77.5%). The median revision changes only three functions, approximately 0.5% of a program, while 39% of task-specific functions in later-added tasks directly reuse existing implementations. These results show how locating local deficiencies, validating candidate changes, and accumulating reusable skills can improve execution of compositional manipulation tasks.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.10432

D-REAL: Acceptance-Length Optimization with Unbiased Gradients for Speculative Decoding

Meng Wei, Yefei Chen, Antong Li, Yanan Gao, Xingliang Shi, Xin Gao, Zhiling Ye, Yun Yue 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Speculative decoding efficiency depends on the number of consecutively accepted draft tokens, yet token-level training objectives do not directly optimize this quantity. We introduce D-REAL (Drafter Reinforcement of Expected Acceptance Length), a post-training method that directly optimizes expected acceptance length for a fixed decoding context. D-REAL weights position-wise draft-target distributional overlap by prefix survival probabilities along a draft-sampled prefix, faithfully capturing the sequential dependence of verification on earlier proposals. By accounting for the parameter dependence of the proposal distribution, we derive an unbiased gradient estimator for this single-round objective under stochastic verification. We evaluate D-REAL on DSpark and DFlash2 with Qwen3-8B as the target model across ten benchmarks. Starting from baselines whose mean acceptance length has plateaued, one epoch of D-REAL post-training consistently improves the benchmark-averaged mean acceptance length by up to 0.23 tokens across both architectures under greedy (T = 0.0) and stochastic (T = 1.0) sampling, translating into up to a 9.4% end-to-end serving throughput improvement.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2603.00468

Cloud-OpsBench: A Reproducible Benchmark for Agentic Root Cause Analysis in Cloud Systems

Yilun Wang, Guangba Yu, Haiyu Huang, Yujie Huang, Zirui Wang, Pengfei Chen, Michael R. Lyu

原文摘要

LLM agents are explored for automating root cause analysis (RCA) in cloud-native systems, creating a need to evaluate both diagnostic correctness and the quality of the supporting investigation. Existing static benchmarks offer repeatable inputs but limited system-facing interaction, while live testbeds expose tools but hinder controlled comparison because incident evidence varies across runs; both paradigms focus primarily on final answers. To address these limitations, we present Cloud-OpsBench, an evaluation infrastructure for interactive and evidence-grounded cloud RCA. It comprises 754 runtime-verified cases across 57 fault types on two microservice workloads spanning application services and Kubernetes platform layers. Each fault is captured as a state snapshot and replayed through standard diagnostic interfaces, with outcome labels and diagnostic evidence graphs that enable matched comparisons and process-level analysis. Evaluating eleven LLMs on Cloud-OpsBench reveals that strong outcome accuracy often masks incomplete investigations: while Joint RCA Accuracy (JRA) reaches up to 0.78 on OnlineBoutique and 0.68 on TrainTicket, models identify the correct root cause without achieving evidence closure (e.g., in 33.1% and 29.4% of evaluated cases for GPT-5). These results demonstrate that final-answer accuracy alone cannot establish whether an agent has traced the failure and collected the evidence needed to confirm its root cause.

cs.SE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2604.24146

EXACT: an explainable anomaly-aware vision foundation model for analysis of 3D chest CT

Xuguang Bai, Mingxuan Liu, Tongxi Song, Yifei Chen, Hongjia Yang, Kasidit Anmahapong, Zihan Li, Ying Zhou 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Chest computed tomography (CT) is central to the detection and management of thoracic disease, yet the growing scale and complexity of volumetric imaging increasingly exceed what can be addressed by scan-level prediction alone. Clinically useful AI for CT must not only recognize disease across the whole volume, but also localize abnormalities and provide interpretable visual evidence. Existing vision-language foundation models typically compress scans and reports into global image-text representations, limiting their ability to preserve spatial evidence and support clinically meaningful interpretation. Here we developed EXACT, an explainable anomaly-aware foundation model for three-dimensional chest CT that learns spatially resolved representations from paired clinical scans and radiology reports. EXACT was pre-trained on 25,692 CT-reports pairs using anatomy-aware weak supervision, jointly learning organ segmentation and multi-instance anomaly localization without manual voxel-level annotations. The resulting organ-specific anomaly-aware maps assign each voxel a disease-specific anomaly score confined to its corresponding anatomy, jointly encoding lesion extent and organ-level context. In retrospective multinational and multi-center evaluations, EXACT showed broad and consistent improvements across clinically relevant CT tasks, spanning multi-disease diagnosis, zero-shot anomaly localization, downstream adaptation, and visually grounded report generation, outperforming existing three-dimensional medical foundation models. By transforming routine clinical CT scans and free-text reports into explainable voxel-level representations, EXACT establishes a scalable paradigm for trustworthy volumetric medical AI.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06099

SWEOps-Bench: Evaluating Agents for End-to-End Resolution of Software-Induced Cloud Incidents

Danwen Chen, Guangba Yu, Pengfei Chen

原文摘要

As autonomous agents advance, the traditional boundary between software development and cloud operations gradually blurs, increasing the need for integrated incident detection, localization, and remediation. Existing benchmarks evaluate isolated diagnostic queries or repository-level program repair, failing to test continuous incident resolution across operational clusters and source repositories. We introduce SWEOps-Bench, an interactive benchmark comprising 55 reproducible incident tasks derived from confirmed historical defects across 16 Kubernetes operator projects. Each task preserves the original software repository and initializes in a healthy cluster before a controlled workload triggers the historical fault. Agents investigate runtime evidence and submit source or configuration repairs through a terminal interface, while the harness builds and deploys the changes within a shared time budget. Evaluation covers stage-wise accuracy, verified recovery, penalized lifecycle latency, and token consumption. Across six agent-model configurations, faulty-state detection ranges from 72.7% to 90.9%, whereas overall recovery ranges from only 14.5% to 52.7%, exposing a substantial gap between recognizing incidents and resolving them end to end. Trajectory analysis further shows that reported diagnosis and final recovery only partially coincide: some tasks achieve verified recovery despite an incorrect reported RCA, while runtime symptom clearance can still fail fix-specific functional verification. SWEOps-Bench establishes a rigorous foundation for evaluating autonomous agents in integrated development and operational environments.

cs.SE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.00769

DramaVQA: Probing Detailed Understanding of Ultra-Long TV Dramas

Xinyue Huo, Pengfei Chen, Jiannan Ge, Kaiwen Duan, Jiacheng Shao, Yunning Cao, Lingxi Xie, Qi Tian

原文摘要

Despite recent progress in long-form video understanding, current benchmarks mostly focus on short clips or hour-scale videos. This leaves a major gap in evaluating ultra-long video understanding, where videos often last tens of hours. To bridge this gap, we introduce DramaVQA, a large-scale benchmark built upon long-form TV dramas. Containing approximately 20K question-answering (QA) pairs, the scale of DramaVQA exceeds previous long-video datasets, such as Video-MME and LVBench, by an order of magnitude. Our benchmark has two main features that make it stand out from existing datasets. First, we establish a scalable, LLM-assisted annotation pipeline that uses multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to generate complex questions, followed by strict human checking to ensure high data quality. Second, DramaVQA introduces a multi-level time structure; queries are designed across different video lengths, with the hardest questions requiring overall understanding across the entire drama. Extensive evaluations show that state-of-the-art MLLMs face major challenges when tested on these very long videos, highlighting the need for agentic AI algorithms capable of managing long-term memory. The project is available at https://github.com/xinyuehuo/DramaVQA

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04803

Extracting System Prompt of LLM Services in Complex (Agentic) Settings: Hierarchical Optimization and Reliable Evaluation Metrics

Shuaidong Li, Chenhao Lin, Xinshan Yang, Chao Shen, Yufei Chen, Zhengyu Zhao

原文摘要

System prompt is a critical intellectual property of large language model (LLM) services. To analyze its leakage, prompt extraction attacks have been extensively studied. However, we validate that existing attacks substantially degrade on recent LLM services, whose complexity has evolved in both the prompt itself and system-level constraints. Specifically, (1) system prompts become longer and more structured to contain pre-defined tool schemas, execution logic, safety guardrails, etc., and (2) only the final post-processed outputs (e.g., agent's actions) but not the raw textual response can be observed. In this paper, we address the above increased complexity by proposing Extraction with Hierarchical Optimization (ExtraHerO), which (1) decomposes the prompt extraction into a hierarchical reconstruction process with a pre-defined structural prompt template, and (2) iteratively updates the adversarial query with guidance of feedback-template differences to observe diverse outputs. In particular, we monitor the information gain of attack optimization to early stop or reset it for a good trade-off between effectiveness and efficiency. We also find that existing evaluation metrics for prompt fidelity can be misleading because they do not account for structural information. Therefore, we rely on global textual similarity and prioritize structural keywords. Moreover, we introduce a system-level metric, adversarial utility, to measure the help of prompt extraction for real-world downstream attacks. Experimental results demonstrate the consistent superiority of ExtraHerO, with average improvements of 12.5\% (fidelity), 2.3\% (functionality), and 6.0\% (adversarial utility) on chatbots, and 12.2\%, 34.3\%, and 30.5\% on agents.

cs.CR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2506.03234

The Alignment Illusion: How BadReward Corrupts Text-to-Image Generation

Kaiwen Duan, Hongwei Yao, Yufei Chen, Ziyun Li, Tong Qiao, Zhan Qin, Cong Wang

原文摘要

Modern text-to-image generative models increasingly rely on Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) to align generated content with human preferences and safety standards. This post-training stage is critical for optimizing models toward high-fidelity and value-aligned behaviors using human preference data. However, while previous works have extensively investigated poisoning attacks against the supervised fine-tuning (SFT) stage of text-to-image training, the security vulnerabilities introduced by the RLHF process remain unexplored. In this paper, we present the first exploration into the feasibility of poisoning the RLHF process as a novel attack surface for compromising text-to-image models. We introduce BadReward, an indirect clean-label poisoning attack that manipulates reward signals to embed malicious behaviors. Our approach leverages a feature collision mechanism to produce poison preference image pairs that are visually benign, but aligned with a malicious target concept in the reward feature space. Our experiments demonstrate that this manipulation effectively corrupts the reward signal. Online RLHF further amplifies this corruption through its reward-model feedback loop, whereas offline preference optimization learns directly from the poisoned preferences. Finally, we demonstrate the real-world effectiveness of BadReward on modern text-to-image architectures, showing high attack success rates and visual stealthiness across different RLHF algorithms. Our code is available at https://github.com/ZJUICSR/BadReward.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.CR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2512.14233

PentestEval: Benchmarking LLM-based Penetration Testing with Modular and Stage-Level Design

Ruozhao Yang, Mingfei Cheng, Gelei Deng, Tianwei Zhang, Junjie Wang, Xiaofei Xie

原文摘要

Penetration testing is essential for assessing and strengthening system security against real-world threats, yet traditional workflows remain highly manual, expertise-intensive, and difficult to scale. Although recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising opportunities for automation, existing applications rely on simplistic prompting without task decomposition or domain adaptation, resulting in unreliable black-box behavior and limited insight into model capabilities across penetration testing stages. To address this gap, we introduce PentestEval, the first comprehensive benchmark for evaluating LLMs across six decomposed penetration testing stages: Information Collection, Weakness Gathering and Filtering, Attack Decision-Making, Exploit Generation and Revision. PentestEval integrates expert-annotated ground truth with a fully automated evaluation pipeline across 346 tasks covering all stages in 12 realistic vulnerable scenarios. Our stage-level evaluation of 9 widely used LLMs reveals generally weak performance and distinct limitations across the stages of penetration-testing workflow. End-to-end pipelines reach only 31% success rate, and existing LLM-powered systems such as PentestGPT, PentestAgent, and VulnBot exhibit similar limitations, with the evaluated autonomous agents showing particularly low success rates under our benchmark settings. These findings highlight that reliable autonomous penetration testing requires stronger structured reasoning and fine-grained stage-level diagnosis. PentestEval provides the foundational benchmark needed for future research on fine-grained, stage-level evaluation, paving the way toward more reliable LLM-based automation.

cs.SE · cs.AI · cs.CR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03007

Q-CamTuning: A Multimodal Large Language Model for Fine-Grained Quality Reasoning in Livestreaming Camera Tuning

Yanchao Bi, Pengfei Chen, Yulong Yan, Qian Zhang, Biao Wang, Leida Li

原文摘要

With the popularization of livestreaming applications, automatic camera tuning has become indispensable for ordinary users to enjoy high Quality of Experience (QoE). However, the existing Image Quality Assessment (IQA) methods face two challenges in camera tuning. First, they struggle to identify subtle quality difference between images, which is common in camera tuning. Second, the ability to explain fine-grained differences and to provide suggestions for camera tuning are even more lacking. To address these challenges, we first construct FGLive-Comments, an instruction tuning dataset with rich annotations of both preferences for fine-grained image pairs and quality reasoning from global and local visual evidence, which supports selective adjustment recommendations of camera parameters. Based on FGLive-Comments, we develop Q-CamTuning, a multimodal large language model for livestreaming camera tuning. Its progressive perception-evidence-guidance framework learns quality-aware visual representations, enhances fine-grained reasoning with global-local evidence, and maps quality issues to camera-parameter adjustment directions. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that Q-CamTuning outperforms existing IQA models in both quality scoring and fine-grained image pair ranking. User study also validates its ability to recommend camera tuning suggestions.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.30988

In-Context Learning World Models for Robot Dual-Arm Manipulation of Soft Garment with Partial Observations

Hengyi Sim, Quentin Rouxel, Dennis Hong, Darwin Caldwell, Fei Chen

原文摘要

Robust manipulation of soft objects, such as garments, is a critical skill for service and household robots to adopt, but remains challenging due to its high-dimensional state space, and material-dependent deformations. Humans address this challenge by using mental world models that "imagine" the shape and material properties from partial observations, which enables them to predict how actions affect future states. As such, embedding such world models in robots allows for better generalization in manipulating a wide variety of garments in the real world. However, learned world models typically require large amounts of real world data that is strenuous to collect, and a mechanism to infer latent properties that govern dynamics. We present a Soft-Object World Model that performs generative full-state estimation and action-conditioned dynamics prediction using a transformer backbone trained on large-scale simulated soft object interactions, with measures to mitigate the sim-to-real gap. By learning to infer latent shape and material cues through in-context learning over a variable-length partial point-cloud history, the model generalizes across robot embodiments, material parameters, garment types and shapes, and manipulation coordination modes without weight updates. The world model is then integrated with a Goal-Conditioned action planner for motion synthesis. We validate the approach in simulation and real world for bimanual garment folding, reporting improvements in reconstruction fidelity, prediction accuracy, and task success. Project Website: https://1am5hy.github.io/ICL soft object world model/

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v4arXiv:2606.30097

CylindTrack: Depth-Aware Cylindrical Motion Modeling for Panoramic Multi-Object Tracking in Mobile Robots

Buyin Deng, Kai Luo, Lingxin Huang, Xinqi Liu, Fei Cheng, Hang Zheng, Liming Yin, Kailun Yang

原文摘要

Maintaining consistent target identities and observation histories is essential for mobile robot perception. Panoramic Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) benefits from broad visual coverage but must address coordinate discontinuities at the equirectangular image seam and fluctuations in relative-depth estimates. Such fluctuations can undermine depth-aware association, highlighting the need for temporally consistent depth cues. We propose CylindTrack, a depth-aware cylindrical tracking-by-detection framework that jointly models panoramic topology and temporal depth consistency. Depth-Temporal Trajectory Modeling (DTM) maintains instance depth and its rate of change as filtered trajectory states. Spherical Spatio-Temporal Consistency Learning (SSTC) combines a Temporal Mixer with Spherical Geometry-aware Attention to refine depth-aware representations. A Topology-Aware Cylindrical Motion Model (TCMM) represents horizontal motion in an unwrapped angular state and incorporates periodic overlap, angular consistency, and filtered depth cues into association. Experiments on QuadTrack and JRDB demonstrate improved identity consistency and trajectory continuity, with HOTA scores of 33.67 and 31.12 and IDF1 scores of 40.45 and 34.33, respectively. The framework processes 28.56 and 21.34 frames per second, respectively, on an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 GPU under the reported evaluation settings. These results support persistent panoramic multi-object tracking for mobile robot perception. The source code will be released at https://github.com/warriordby/CylindTrack.

cs.CV · cs.RO · eess.IV

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.30132HF 社区推荐

LongZero: Enhancing Long-Context Reasoning in LLMs from Zero Data

Zhennan Wan, Jianfei Chen

原文摘要

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an effective way to strengthen the long-context reasoning of large language models (LLMs), but it needs training data that are long, diverse, challenging, and verifiable. Human annotation of such data is expensive, naturally occurring data are too scarce to sustain RL, and existing synthesis methods depend on external corpora or stronger teacher models, which become harder to obtain as the trained models get stronger. Recently, RL from zero data, in which a model learns from tasks it proposes itself, has achieved excellent performance, but existing methods target short-context tasks. Therefore, we propose $\textbf{LongZero}$, a method that lets an LLM improve its own long-context reasoning without any external data. Instead of writing questions and answers over existing documents, LongZero first has the model synthesize the question and answer with its supporting evidence in a compact structured form, and only then separately expands the evidence into a long multi-document context. LongZero combines these self-written multi-hop reasoning tasks with self-written multi-round retrieval tasks and trains the model with GRPO. We evaluate LongZero on two LLMs across five long-context reasoning benchmarks and compare it with RL on data synthesized from external corpora. Experimental results show that LongZero can generalize to real tasks, and outperforms both baselines, suggesting a viable and promising path to improving long-context reasoning of LLMs.

cs.CL · cs.LG

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首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1688ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Memorization, Emergence, and Explaining Reversal Failures: A Controlled Study of Relational Semantics in LLMs

Yihua Zhu, Qianying Liu NII, Jiaxin Wang Kyoto University, Fei Cheng Kyoto University, Chaoran Liu NII, Akiko Aizawa National Institute of Informatics, Sadao Kurohashi National Institute of Informatics (NII) and Kyoto University, Hidetoshi Shimodaira Kyoto University and RIKEN

原文摘要

Autoregressive LLMs perform well on relational tasks that require linking entities via relational words (e.g., father/son, friend), but it is unclear whether they learn the logical semantics of such relations (e.g., symmetry and inversion logic) and, if so, whether reversal-type failures arise from missing relational semantics or left-to-right order bias. We propose a controlled Knowledge Graph-based synthetic framework that generates text from symmetric/inverse triples, train GPT-style autoregressive models from scratch, and evaluate memorization, logical inference, and in-context generalization to unseen entities to address these questions. We find a sharp phase transition in which relational semantics emerge with sufficient logic-bearing supervision, even in shallow (2–3 layer) models, and that successful generalization aligns with stable intermediate-layer signals. Finally, order-matched forward/reverse tests and a diffusion baseline indicate that reversal failures are primarily driven by autoregressive order bias rather than deficient inversion semantics.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.333ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

ET-Agent: Incentivizing Effective Tool-Integrated Reasoning Agent via Behavior Calibration

Yifei Chen, Guanting Dong, Zhicheng Dou Renmin University of China

原文摘要

Large Language Models (LLMs) can extend their parameter knowledge limits by adopting the Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) paradigm. However, existing LLM-based agent training framework often focuses on answers’ accuracy, overlooking specific alignment for behavior patterns. Consequently, agent often exhibits ineffective actions during TIR tasks, such as redundant and insufficient tool calls. How to calibrate erroneous behavioral patterns when executing TIR tasks, thereby exploring effective trajectories, remains an open-ended problem. In this paper, we propose ET-Agent, a training framework for calibrating agent’s tool-use behavior through two synergistic perspectives: Self-evolving Data Flywheel and Behavior Calibration Training. Specifically, we introduce a self-evolutionary data flywheel to generate enhanced data, used to fine-tune LLM to improve its exploration ability. Based on this, we implement an two-phases behavior-calibration training framework. It is designed to progressively calibrate erroneous behavioral patterns to optimal behaviors. Further in-depth experiments confirm the superiority of ET-Agent across multiple dimensions, including correctness, efficiency, reasoning conciseness, and tool execution accuracy. Our ET-Agent framework provides practical insights for research in the TIR field. Codes can be found in https://github.com/RUC-NLPIR/ET-Agent

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2509.25140Google Research

ReasoningBank: Scaling Agent Self-Evolving with Reasoning Memory

Siru Ouyang, Jun Yan, I-Hung Hsu, Yanfei Chen, Ke Jiang, Zifeng Wang, Rujun Han, Long T. Le 等 17 位作者

原文摘要

With the growing adoption of large language model agents in persistent real-world roles, they naturally encounter continuous streams of tasks. A key limitation, however, is their failure to learn from the accumulated interaction history, forcing them to discard valuable insights and repeat past errors. We propose ReasoningBank, a novel memory framework that distills generalizable reasoning strategies from an agent's self-judged successful and failed experiences. At test time, an agent retrieves relevant memories from ReasoningBank to inform its interaction and then integrates new learnings back, enabling it to become more capable over time. Building on this powerful experience learner, we further introduce memory-aware test-time scaling (MaTTS), which accelerates and diversifies this learning process by scaling up the agent's interaction experience. By allocating more compute to each task, the agent generates abundant, diverse experiences that provide rich contrastive signals for synthesizing higher-quality memory. The better memory in turn guides more effective scaling, establishing a powerful synergy between memory and test-time scaling. Across web browsing and software engineering benchmarks, ReasoningBank consistently outperforms existing memory mechanisms that store raw trajectories or only successful task routines, improving both effectiveness and efficiency; MaTTS further amplifies these gains. These findings establish memory-driven experience scaling as a new scaling dimension, enabling agents to self-evolve with emergent behaviors naturally arise. Our code can be found at https://github.com/google-research/reasoning-bank.

cs.AI · cs.CL

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